श्रावस्ती का विकास

shravasti himalay ki talahati mean base bharat-nepal sima ke simavarti zile baharaich se mahaj 40 kilomitar ki doori par sthit hai. uttar pradesh ke is zile ki pahachan vishv ke kone-kone mean aj bauddh tirthasthal ke roop mean hai. pauranik manyataoan ke anusar, is aitihasik nagari ka prachinatam itihas ramayan aur mahabharat kal ke mahakavyoan ke anusar pahale ye uttar kaushal ki rajadhani hua karati thi.

nagar ka vikas

thumb|250px|jetavan stoop ke avashesh, shravasti hamare kuchh prachin granthoan ke anusar kosal ka yah pradhan nagar sarvada ramanik, darshaniy, manoram aur dhanadhany se sanpann tha. isamean sabhi tarah ke upakaran maujood the. isako dekhane se lagata tha, mano devapuri alakananda hi sakshat dharatal par utar aee ho. nagar ki s dakean chau di thian aur in par b di savariyaan bhali bhaanti a sakati thian. nagarik shriangar-premi the. ve hathi, gho de aur palaki par savar hokar rajamargoan par nikala karate the. isamean rajakiy koshthagar^[1] bane huye the, jinamean ghi, tel aur khane-pine ki chizean prabhoot matra mean ekatr kar li gee thian.^[2]

jetavan ka nirman

[[chitr:Jetavana-Sravasti-2.jpg|thumb|250px|left|jetavan, shravasti]] vahaan ke nagarik gautam buddh ke bahut b de bhakt the. 'milindaprashn' namak granth mean chadhav-badhav ke sath kaha gaya hai ki isamean bhikshuoan ki sankhya 5 karo d thi. isake alava vahaan ke tin lakh sattavan hazar grihasth bauddh dharm ko manate the. is nagar mean 'jetavan' nam ka ek udyan tha, jise vahaan ke 'jet' namak rajakumar ne aropit kiya tha. is nagar ka anathapiandak namak seth jo buddh ka priy shishy tha, is udyan ke shantimay vatavaran se b da prabhavit tha. usane ise kharid kar bauddh sangh ko dan kar diya tha.^[2] bauddh granthoan mean katha ati hai ki is pooanjipati ne jetavan ko utani mudraoan mean kharida tha, jitani ki bichhane par isake poore farsh ko bhali prakar dhak deti thian. usane isake bhitar ek math bhi banava diya, jo ki shravasti ane par buddh ka vishramagrih hua karata tha. ise log 'kosal mandir' bhi kahate the.

anathapiandak ne jetavan ke bhitar kuchh aur bhi math banava diye the, jinamean bhikshu log rahate the. inamean pratyek ke nirman mean ek lakh mudrayean kharch huee thian. isake atirikt usane kuean, talab aur chabootare adi ka bhi vahaan nirman kara diya tha. bauddh granthoan mean varnan milata hai ki jetavan mean rahane vale bhikshu subah aur sham rapti nadi mean nahane ke liye ate the. lagata hai ki yah udyan isake tat ke samip hi kahian sthit tha. anathapiandak ne apane jivan ki sari kamaee bauddh sangh ke hit mean laga di thi. usake ghar par shramanoan ko bahusankhya mean prati din yathesht bhojan karaya jata tha. gautam buddh ke prati shraddha ke karan shravasti nareshoan ne is nagar mean danagrih banava rakha tha, jahaan par bhikshuoan ko bhojan milata tha.^[2]

vyapar ka keandr

shravasti ki bhautik samriddhi ka pramukh karan yah tha ki yahaan par tin pramukh vyaparik path milate the, jisase yah vyapar ka ek mahan keandr ban gaya tha. yah nagar poorv mean rajagrih se, uttar-pashchim mean takshashila se aur dakshin mean pratishthan se ju da hua tha.^[3] rajagrih se 45 yojan door akar buddh (shasta) ne shravasti mean vihar kiya tha-

'rajaganh kapilavasthuto dooran satthi yojanani, savatthi pan panchadash. sattha rajagahato panchatalisayojanan agantya savatthiyan viharati.'^[4]

shravasti se rajagrih ka rasta vaishali se hokar gujarata tha. yah marg setavy, kapilavastu, kushinara^[5], pava, bhoganagar aur vaishali se hokar jata tha.^[6] pratishthan ko jane vala marg saket, koshaanbi, vidisha, gonadha aur ujjain se hokar gujarata tha. is nagar ka sanbandh varanasi se bhi tha.^[7] in donoan ke madhy kotagiri namak sthan p data tha.^[8] shravasti se takshashila ka marg soreyy adhunik soroan hote hue jata tha. is marg mean sarth nirantar chalate rahate the.^[9] is prakar ham dekhate haian ki shravasti ka bauddh kal mean bharat ke sabhi pramukh nagaroan se ghanishth vyaparik sanbandh tha.

left|30px|link=shravasti ka namakaran|pichhe jaean

shravasti ka namakaran

shravasti ka vikas

mahakavyoan tatha puranoan mean shravasti

right|30px|link=mahakavyoan tatha puranoan mean shravasti|age jaean

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ kothar
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 hamare purane nagar |lekhak: d aau. uday narayan ray |prakashak: hindustan ekedemi, ilahabad |prishth sankhya: 43-46 |
↑ vishuddhanand pathak, histri aph koshal, (motilal banarasidas, varanasi, 1963), prishth 59
↑ machjhimanikay, atthakatha, 1/3/4
↑ kushinagar
↑ pavamotichandr, sarthavah, bihar rashtrabhasha parishad, patana, 1953), prishth 17
↑ suttanipat (saranath sanskaran), prishth 212-13
↑ machjhimanikay, pali teksth sosayati, landan, bhag 1, prishth 473; motichandr, sarthavah, prishth 17
↑ bharatasianh upadhyay, buddhakalin bharatiy bhoogol, prishth 239

aitihasik sthanavali | vijayendr kumar mathur | vaijnanik tatha takaniki shabdavali ayog | manav sansadhan vikas mantralay, bharat sarakar

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] thar

[sravasti-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 hamare purane nagar |lekhak: d aau. uday narayan ray |prakashak: hindustan ekedemi, ilahabad |prishth sankhya: 43-46 |

[3] vishuddhanand pathak, histri aph koshal, (motilal banarasidas, varanasi, 1963), prishth 59

[4] y, atthakatha, 1/3/4

[5] ushinagar

[6] vamotichandr, sarthavah, bihar rashtrabhasha parishad, patana, 1953), prishth 17

[7] suttanipat (saranath sanskaran), prishth 212-13

[8] y, pali teksth sosayati, landan, bhag 1, prishth 473; motichandr, sarthavah, prishth 17

[9] ratasianh upadhyay, buddhakalin bharatiy bhoogol, prishth 239

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