भीमराव आम्बेडकर
bhimarav ambedakar
| |
| poora nam | babasaheb d aau. bhimarav ambedakar |
| any nam | babasaheb |
| janm | 14 aprail, 1891 |
| janm bhoomi | moo, madhy pradesh |
| mrityu | 6 disanbar, 1956 |
| mrityu sthan | dilli |
| mrityu karan | svasthy kharab |
| abhibhavak | pita- ramaji maloji sakapal, mata- bhimabaee murabadakar |
| pati/patni | ramabaee |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| parti | svatantr lebar parti |
| pad | adhyaksh- svatantr lebar parti |
| shiksha | em.e. (arthashastr), pi ech. di., em. es. si., bar-et-l aau |
| vidyalay | eliphinsatan k aaulej, kolanbiya vishvavidyalay, landan skool aauph ikonomiks |
| bhasha | hiandi, aangrezi |
| puraskar-upadhi | bharat ratn |
| karyakshetr | b dauda rajy ke militari sekretari, arthashastr ke prophesar, pradhanachary |
| rachanaean | 'd aau. baba sahab ambedakar raitiangs eand spichej' (aangrezi), baba sahab d aauktar ambedakar sampoorn vanmay (hindi), jati ke vinash |
| any janakari | ambedakar vidhi visheshajn, arthashastri, itihas vivechak aur dharm aur darshan ke vidvanh the. |
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d aau. bhimarav ramaji ambedakar (aangrezi: Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, janm: 14 aprail, 1891 - mrityu: 6 disanbar, 1956) ek bahujan rajanitik neta aur ek bauddh punarutthanavadi bhi the. unhean babasaheb ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. ambedakar ne apana sara jivan hindoo dharm ki chatuvarn pranali aur bharatiy samaj mean sarvatr vyapt jati vyavastha ke viruddh sangharsh mean bita diya. unhean bauddh mahashaktiyoan ke dalit aandolan ko praranbh karane ka shrey bhi jata hai. ambedakar ko bharat ratn se bhi sammanit kiya gaya hai jo bharat ka sarvochch nagarik puraskar hai. apani mahattvapoorn upalabdhiyoan tatha desh ki amooly seva ke phalasvaroop d aau. ambedakar ko adhunik yug ka manu kahakar sammanit kiya gaya.
jivan parichay
d aau. bhimarav ramaji ambedakar ka janm 14 aprail 1891 mean hua tha. ve ramaji maloji sakapal aur bhimabaee murabadakar ki 14vian v aantim santan the. unaka parivar marathi tha aur vo aanbavade nagar jo adhunik maharashtr ke ratnagiri zile mean hai, se sanbandhit tha. anek samakalin rajanitijnoan ko dekhate hue unaki jivan-avadhi kuchh kam thi. ve mahar jati ke the jo achhoot kahe jate the. kintu is avadhi mean bhi unhoanne adhyayan, lekhan, bhashan aur sangathan ke bahut se kam kie jinaka prabhav us samay ki aur bad ki rajaniti par hai. bhimarav ambedakar ka janm nimn varn ki mahar jati mean hua tha. us samay aangrez nimn varn ki jatiyoan se naujavanoan ko fauj mean bharti kar rahe the. ambedakar ke poorvaj lanbe samay tak british eest iandiya kanpani ki sena mean karyarat the aur bhimarav ke pita ramaji ambedakar british fauj mean soobedar the aur kuchh samay tak ek fauji skool mean adhyapak bhi rahe. unake pita ne marathi aur aangrezi mean aupacharik shiksha ki digri prapt ki thi. vah shiksha ka mahattv samajhate the aur bhimarav ki padhaee likhaee par unhoanne bahut dhyan diya.
shiksha
achhoot samajhi jane vali jati mean janm lene ke karan apane skooli jivan mean ambedakar ko anek apamanajanak sthitiyoan ka samana karana p da. in sab sthitiyoan ka dhairy aur virata se samana karate hue unhoanne skooli shiksha samapt ki. phir k aaulej ki padhaee shuroo huee. is bich pita ka hath tang hua. kharche ki kami huee. ek mitr unhean b dauda ke shasak gayakava d ke yahaan le ge. gayakava d ne unake lie sk aaularaship ki vyavastha kar di aur ambedakar ne apani k aaulej ki shiksha poori ki. 1907 mean maitrikuleshan pas karane ke bad b dauda maharaj ki arthik sahayata se ve eliphinsatan k aaulej se 1912 mean grejuet hue.
1913 aur 15 ke bich jab ambedakar kolanbiya vishvavidyalay mean adhyayan kar rahe the, tab em.e. ki pariksha ke ek prashn patr ke badale unhoanne prachin bharatiy vyapar par ek shodh prabandh likha tha. is mean unhoanne any deshoan se bharat ke vyaparik sambandhoan par vichar kiya hai. in vyaparik sambandhoan ki vivechana ke dauran bharat ke arthik vikas ki rooparekha bhi ban gee hai. yah shodh prabandh rachanavali ke 12vean khand mean prakashit hai.
kuchh sal b dauda rajy ki seva karane ke bad unako gayakava d-skalaraship pradan kiya gaya jisake sahare unhoanne amerika ke kolambiya vishvavidyalay se arthashastr mean em.e. (1915) kiya. isi kram mean ve prasiddh ameriki arthashastri seligamain ke prabhav mean ae. seligamain ke margadarshan mean ambedakar ne kolanbiya vishvavidyalay se 1917 mean pi ech. di. ki upadhi prapt kar li. unake shodh ka vishay tha -'neshanal devalepameant ph aaur iandiya : e historikal eand enalitikal stadi'. isi varsh unhoanne landan skool aauph ikonomiks mean dakhila liya lekin sadhanabhav mean apani shiksha poori nahian kar pae. kuchh dinoan tak ve b dauda rajy ke militari sekretari the. phir ve b dauda se bambee a ge. kuchh dinoan tak ve sidenahaim k aaulej, bambee mean rajanitik arthashastr ke prophesar bhi rahe. dipresd klasej kaanphareans se bhi ju de aur sakriy rajaniti mean bhagidari shuroo ki. kuchh samay bad unhoanne landan jakar landan skool aauph ikonomiks se apani adhoori padhaee poori ki. is tarah viparit paristhiti mean paida hone ke bavajood apani lagan aur karmathata se unhoanne em.e., pi ech. di., em. es. si., bar-et-l aau ki digriyaan prapt ki. is tarah se ve apane yug ke sabase zyada padhe-likhe rajaneta evan vicharak the. unako adhunik pashchimi samajoan ki sanrachana ki maj-vijnan, arthashastr evan qanooni drishti se vyavasthit jnan tha. achhootoan ke jivan se unhean gahari sahanubhooti thi. unake sath jo bhedabhav barata jata tha, use door karane ke lie unhoanne andolan kiya aur unhean sangathit kiya.
karyakarini sadasy
1926 mean vah bambee ki vidhan sabha ke sadasy namit kie ge. usake bad vah nirvachit bhi hue. kramash: oopar chadhate hue sanh 42-46 ke daur mean vah gavarnar janaral ki karyakarini ki sadasyata tak pahuanche. bharat ke svadhin hone par javahar lal neharoo ke mantrimandal mean vidhi mantri hue. bad mean virodhi dal ke sadasy ke roop mean unhoanne kam kiya. bharat ke sanvidhan ke nirman mean unaki pramukh bhoomika thi. vah sanvidhan visheshajn the. anek deshoan ke sanvidhanoan ka adhyayan unhoanne kiya tha. bharatiy sanvidhan ka mukhy nirmata unhian ko mana jata hai. unhoanne jo kuchh likha, usaka gahara sambandh aj ke bharat aur is desh ke itihas se hai. shoodroan ke uddhar ke lie unhoanne jivan bhar kam kiya, par unaka lekhan keval shoodroan ke lie mahattvapoorn nahian hai. unhoanne darshan, itihas, rajaniti, arthik vikas adi anek samasyaoan par vichar kiya jinaka sambandh sare desh ki janata se hai. aangrezi mean unaki rachanavali 'd aau. baba sahab ambedakar raitiangs eand spichej' nam se maharashtr sarakar dvara prakashit ki gee hai. hindi mean unaki rachanavali 'baba sahab d aauktar ambedakar sampoorn vanmay' ke nam se bharat sarakar dvara prakashit ki gee hai.
rachanavali
aangrezi mean unaki rachanavali 'd aau. baba sahab ambedakar raitiangs eand spichej' nam se maharashtr sarakar dvara prakashit ki gee hai. hindi mean unaki rachanavali 'baba sahab d aauktar ambedakar sampoorn vanmay' ke nam se bharat sarakar dvara prakashit ki gee hai. anek b de vicharakoan aur vidvanoan ki tarah vah samasyaoan par nirantar vichar karate rahate the. 1946 mean shoodroan par unaki pustak prakashit huee. shoodroan ke bare mean jo bahut tarah ki dharanaean prachalit thian, unaka uchit khandan karate hue ambedakar ne likha: shoodroan ke lie kaha jata hai ki ve anary the, aryoan ke shatru the. aryoan ne unhean jita tha aur das bana liya. aisa tha to yajurved aur atharvaved ke rrishi shoodroan ke lie gaurav ki kamana kyoan karate haian? shoodroan ka anugrah pane ki ichchha kyoan prakat karate haian? shoodroan ke lie kaha jata hai ki unhean vedoan ke adhyayan ka adhikar nahian hai. aisa tha to shoodr sudas rrigved ke mantroan ke rachanakar kaise hue? shoodroan ke lie kaha jata hai, unhean yajn karane ka adhikar nahian hai. aisa tha to sudas ne ashvamedh kaise kiya? shatapath brahman shoodr ko yajnakarta ke roop mean kaise prastut karata hai? aur use kaise sambodhan karana chahie, isake lie shabd bhi batata hai. shoodroan ke lie kaha jata hai ki unhean upanayan sanskar ka adhikar nahian hai. yadi arambh se hi aisa tha to is bare mean vivad kyoan utha? badari aur sanskar ganapati kyoan kahate haian ki use upanayan ka adhikar hai? shoodr ke lie kaha jata hai ki vah sampatti sangrah nahian kar sakata. aisa tha to maitrayani aur kathak sanhitaoan mean dhani aur samriddh shoodroan ka ullekh kaise hai? shoodr ke lie kaha jata hai ki vah rajy ka padadhikari nahian ho sakata. aisa tha to mahabharat mean rajaoan ke mantri shoodr the, aisa kyoan kaha gaya? shoodr ke lie kaha jata hai ki sevak ke roop mean tinoan varnoan ki seva karana usaka kam hai. yadi aisa tha to shoodr raja kaise hue jaisa ki sudas ke udaharan se, tatha sayan dvara die ge any udaharanoan se maloom hota hai?unhoanne kee pustakean likhane ki yojana banaee thi, pustakoan ke kuchh adhyay likhe the, kuchh poore aur kuchh adhoore. rachanavali ke tisare khand mean aisi kuchh samagri pahali bar prakashit huee hai. is samagri ke bare mean sampadakoan ne bhoomika mean jo kuchh kaha hai, usase yahi pat chalata hai ki 1956 mean d aau. ambedakar ke nidhan se unaka bahut sa kam adhoora rah gaya.
samajik sudhar
bi. ar. ambedakar ke netritv mean unhoanne apana sangharsh tez kar diya. samajik samanata ke lie ve prayatnashil ho uthe. ambedakar ne 'aaul indiya klases esosieshan' ka sangathan kiya. dakshin bharat mean bisavian shatabdi ke tisare dashak mean gair-brahmanoan ne 'di selph respekt moovameant' prarambh kiya jisaka uddeshy un bhedabhavoan ko door karana tha jinhean brahmanoan ne un par thop diya tha. sampoorn bharat mean dalit jati ke logoan ne unake mandiroan mean pravesh-nishedh evan is tarah ke any pratibandhoan ke viruddh anek andolanoan ka sootrapat kiya. parantu videshi shasan kal mean asprishyata virodhi sangharsh poori tarah se saphal nahian ho paya. videshi shasakoan ko is bat ka bhay tha ki aisa hone se samaj ka paramparavadi evan roodhivadi varg unaka virodhi ho jaega. at: krantikari samaj-sudhar ka kary keval svatantr bharat ki sarakar hi kar sakati thi. pun: samajik punarudvar ki samasya rajanitik evan arthik punarudvar ki samasyaoan ke sath gahare taur par ju di huee thi. jaise, dalitoan ke samajik punarutthan ke lie unaka arthik punarutthan avashyak tha. isi prakar isake lie unake bich shiksha ka prasar aur rajanitik adhikar bhi anivary the.
Nobody can remove your grivance as well as you can and you can not remove these unless you get political power into your hands... We must have a government in which men in power will not be afraied to amend the social and economic code of life which the dictates of justice and expendiencey so urgently call for. This role the British Government will never be able to play. It is only a government which is of the people, for the people and by the people, in other words, it is only the 'Swaraj' Government that will make it possible.--Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
1950 ke sanvidhan dvara hi antim roop se asprishyata ko samapt kiya ja sakata.
In the constitution of 1950 it has been declared that 'Untouchability' is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The endorsment of any disability arising out of 'Untouchability' shall be an offence punishable in accordance with Law.
chhuachhoot ko avaidh ghoshit kiya gaya. ab kuean, talaboan, snan ghatoan, hotal, sinema adi par is adhar par pratibandh nahian lagae ja sakate the. sanvidhan mean likhit 'dayarektiv priansipuls' mean bhi in batoan par zor diya gaya.
One of the Directive Principles it has laid down for the guidance of future governments says: 'The state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.'
du:kh to is bat ka hai ki in sabake bavajood aj bhi jati pratha hamare bich aur vishesh roop se gramin samaj mean jivit hai aur isase samaj aur desh ko kafi hani ho rahi hai.
chhuachhoot ke viruddh sangharsh
1920 ke dashak mean banbee mean ek bar bolate hue unhoanne saph-saph kaha tha jahaan mere vyaktigat hit aur deshahit mean takarav hoga vahaan maian desh ke hit ko prathamikata dooanga, lekin jahaan dalit jatiyoan ke hit aur desh ke hit mean takarav hoga, vahaan maian dalit jatiyoan ko prathamikata dooanga. ve aantim samay tak dalit-varg ke masiha the aur unhoanne jivanaparyant achhootoddhar ke lie kary kiya. jab mahatma gaandhi ne dalitoan ko alpasankhyakoan ki tarah prithakh nirvachan mandal dene ke british niti ke khilaf amaran anashan kiya. sanh 1927 mean unhoanne hinduoan dvara niji sampatti ghoshit sarvajanik talab se pani lene ke lie achhootoan ko adhikar dilane ke lie ek satyagrah ka netritv kiya. unhoanne sanh 1937 mean banbee uchch nyayalay mean yah muqadama jita.
ambedakar ne rrigved se uddharan dekar dikhaya hai ki ary gaur varn ke aur shyam varn ke bhi the. ashvini devoan ne shyav aur rukshati ka vivah karaya. shyav shyam varn ka hai aur rukshati gaur varn ki hai. ashvini vandana ki raksha karate haian aur vah gaur varn ki hai. ek prarthana mean rrishi kahate haian ki unhean pishang varn arthath bhoore rang ka putr prapt ho. ambedakar ka nishkarsh hai: in udaharanoan se jnat hota hai ki vaidik aryoan mean rangabhed ki bhavana nahian thi. hoti bhi kaise? ve ek rang ke the hi nahian. kuchh gore the, kuchh kale the, kuchh bhoore the. dasharath ke putr ram shyam varn ke the. isi tarah yaduvanshi krishna bhi shyam varn ke the. rrigved ke anek mantroan ke rachanakar dirghatamas haian. unake nam se hi pratit hota hai, ve shyam varn ke the. aryoan mean ek prasiddh rrishi kanv the. rrigved mean unaka jo vivaran milata hai, usase jnat hota hai, ve shyam varn ke the. isi tarah ambedakar ne is dharana ka khandan kiya ki ary gori nasl ke hi the.
ambedakar ne mandiroan mean achhootoan ke pravesh karane ke adhikar ko lekar bhi sangharsh kiya. vah landan mean hue golamez sammelan ke shishtamandal ke bhi sadasy the, jahaan unhoanne achhootoan ke lie alag nirvachan mandal ki maang ki. mahatma gaandhi ne ise hindoo samaj mean vibhajak manate hue virodh kiya.
1931 mean briten ke pradhanamantri ko sambodhit karate hue ambedakar ne golamej sammelan mean kaha: british parliyameant aur pravaktaoan ne hamesha yah kaha hai ki ve dalit vargoan ke trasti haian. mujhe vishvas hai, ki yah bat sabhy logoan ki vaisi jhoothi bat nahian hai jo apasi sambandhoan ko madhur banane ke lie kahi jati hai. meri ray mean kisi bhi sarakar ka yah nishchit kartavy hoga ki jo dharohar usake pas hai, use vah ganva n de. yadi british sarakar hamean un logoan ki daya ke bharose chho d deti hai jinhoanne hamari khushahali ki or jara bhi dhyan nahian diya, to yah bahut b di gaddari hogi. hamari tabahi aur barbadi ki buniyad par hi ye log dhanimani aur b de bane haian.[1]
sanh 1932 mean poona samajhaute mean gaandhi aur ambedakar, apasi vichar–vimarsh ke bad ek madhyamarg par sahamat hue. ambedakar ne shighr hi harijanoan mean apana netritv sthapit kar liya aur unaki or se kee patrikaean nikalian; vah harijanoan ke lie sarakari vidhan parishadoan mean vishesh pratinidhitv prapt karane mean bhi saphal hue. ambedakar ne harijanoan ka paksh lene ke mahatma gaandhi ke dave ko chunauti di aur vh aaut kaangres aiand gaandhi haiv dan tu d anatachebals (sanh 1945) namak lekh likha. sanh 1947 mean ambedakar bharat sarakar ke qanoon mantri bane. unhoanne bharat ke sanvidhan ki rooparekha banane mean pramukh bhoomika nibhaee, jisamean unhoanne achhootoan ke sath bhedabhav ko pratibandhit kiya aur chaturaee se ise sanvidhan sabha dvara parit karaya. sarakar mean apana prabhav ghatane se nirash hokar unhoanne sanh 1951 mean tyagapatr de diya. sanh 1956 mean vah nagapur mean ek samaroh mean apane do lakh achhoot sathiyoan ke sath hindoo dharm tyagakar bauddh ban ge, kyoanki chhuachhoot ab bhi hindoo dharm ka aang bani huee thi. d aauktar ambedakar ko sanh 1990 mean maranoparaant bharat ratn se sammanit kiya gaya.
rajanitik parichay
thumb|250px|bhimarav ambedakar
Bhimrao Ambedkar
yeola nasik mean 13 aktoobar, 1935 ko ambedakar ne ek raili ko sanbodhit kiya. 13 aktoobar 1935 ko, ambedakar ko sarakari l aau k aaulej ka pradhanachary niyukt kiya gaya aur is pad par unhoanne do varsh tak kary kiya. isake chalate ambedakar banbee mean bas gaye, unhoanne yahaan ek bade़ ghar ka nirman karaya, jisame unake niji pustakalay mean 50000 se adhik pustakean thian. isi varsh unaki patni ramabaee ki ek lanbi bimari ke bad mrityu ho gee. ramabaee apani mrityu se pahale tirthayatra ke liye pandharapur jana chahati thian par ambedakar ne unhean isaki ijazat nahian di. ambedakar ne kaha ki us hindoo tirth mean jahaan unako achhoot mana jata hai, jane ka koee auchity nahian hai isake bajay unhoanne unake liye ek naya pandharapur banane ki bat kahi. bhale hi asprishyata ke khilaf unaki lada़ee ko bharat bhar se samarthan hasil ho raha tha par unhoanne apana ravaiya aur apane vicharoan ko roodhivadi hianduoan ke prati aur kathor kar liya. unaki roodhivadi hianduoan ki alochana ka uttar b di sankhya mean hindoo karyakartaoan dvara ki gayi unaki alochana se mila. 13 aktoobar ko nasik ke nikat yeola mean ek sammelan mean bolate hue ambedakar ne dharm parivartan karane ki apani ichchha prakat ki. unhoanne apane anuyayiyoan se bhi hindoo dharm chho d koee aur dharm apanane ka ahvan kiya. unhoanne apani is bat ko bharat bhar mean kee sarvajanik sabhaoan mean doharaya bhi.
svatantr lebar parti
ambedakar ne 1936 mean svatantr lebar parti ki sthapana ki, jo 1937 mean kendriy vidhan sabha chunavoan mean 15 sitean jiti. unhoanne apani pustak jati ke vinash bhi isi varsh prakashit ki jo unake nyooy aaurk mean likhe ek shodhapatr par adharit thi. is saphal aur lokapriy pustak mean ambedakar ne hindoo dharmik netaoan aur jati vyavastha ki zoradar alochana ki. unhoanne asprishy samuday ke logoan ko gaandhi dvara rachit shabd harijan pukarane ke kaangres ke phaisale ki kadi़ nianda ki. ambedakar ne raksha salahakar samiti aur vaisaray ki karyakari parishad ke lie shram mantri ke roop mean sevarat rahe.
march 1940 mean muslim lig ne apane lahaur adhiveshan mean prasiddh pakistan prastav pas kiya. ambedakar ne tin sal pahale iandipeandeant lebar parti nam se ek dal sangathit kiya tha. usane pakistan prastav ka adhyayan karane ke lie ek samiti banaee. is samiti ke lie disambar 1940 tak ambedakar ne apani riport taiyar kar li. vah 'pakistan ya bharat ka vibhajan' - 'pakistan aaur d partishan aauph iandiya' - nam se prakashit huee.
1941 aur 1945 ke bich mean unhoanne b di sankhya mean atyadhik vivadaspad pustakean aur parche prakashit kiye jiname th aauts aaun pakistan bhi shamil hai, jisamean unhoanne muslim lig ki musalamanoan ke lie ek alag desh pakistan ki maang ki alochana ki. 'v aaut k aauangres eand gaandhi haiv dan too d anatachebals' (kaangres aur gandhi ne achhootoan ke liye kya kiya) ke sath, ambedakar ne gaandhi aur kaangres dono par apane hamaloan ko tikha kar diya unhoanne un par dhoang karane ka arop lagaya. unhoanne apani pustak 'hoo var d shudraz?( shudr kaun the?)' ke dvara hindoo jati vyavastha ke padanukram mean sabase nichi jati yani shudroan ke astitv mean ane ki vyakhya ki. unhoanne is bat par bhi zor diya ki kis tarah se achhoot, shudroan se alag haian. ambedakar ne apani rajanitik parti ko akhil bharatiy anusoochit jati phedareshan mean badalate dekha, halaanki 1946 mean ayojit bharat ke sanvidhan sabha ke lie huye chunav mean isane kharab pradarshan kiya. 1948 mean hoo var d shudraz? ki uttarakatha 'd anatachebalas: e thisis aaun d orijan aauph anatachebiliti (asprishy: asprishyata ke mool par ek shodh)' mean ambedakar ne hindoo dharm ko lata da.
ambedakar islam aur dakshin eshiya mean usaki ritiyoan ke bhi alochak the. unhoanne bharat vibhajan ka to paksh liya par muslim samaj mean vyapt bal vivah ki pratha aur mahilaoan ke sath hone vale durvyavahar ki ghor nianda ki.
mehanat mazadoori karane valoan ko parishramik diya jata tha, yah b da mahattvapoorn mudda hai. shoodroan ki sthiti ka vivechan karate hue aksar itihasakar yahi bat bhool jate haian. ambedakar ka mool vaky aangrezi mean is prakar hai: Besides few slaves there was a considerable amount of free labours paid in money or food.[2]
unhoanne likha ki muslim samaj mean to hindoo samaj se bhi adhik samajik buraiyaan haian aur musalaman unhean 'bhaeechare' jaise narm shabdoan ke prayog se chhupate haian. unhoanne musalamanoan dvara arzal vargoan ke khilaf bhedabhav jinhean 'nichale darje ka' mana jata tha ke sath hi muslim samaj mean mahilaoan ke utpi dan ki damanakari parda pratha ki bhi alochana ki. unhoanne kaha halaanki parda hianduoan mean bhi hota hai par use dharmik manyata keval musalamanoan ne di hai. unhoanne islam mean kattarata ki alochana ki jisake karan islam ki natiyoan ka aksharaksh anupalan ki baddhata ke karan samaj bahut kattar ho gaya hai aur use ko badalana bahut mushkil ho gaya hai. unhoanne age likha ki bharatiy musalaman apane samaj ka sudhar karane mean viphal rahe haian jabaki isake viparit turki jaise deshoan ne apane apako bahut badal liya hai.
hamara yah dridh vishvas hai ki bharat mean chhoti jot ki samasya buniyadi samasya nahian hai. balki yah ek mool samasya se nikali huee samasya hai. arthath samajik arthavyavastha mean asamanjasy ki samasya hai. itani adhik bhoomi mean kheti hone ke bavajood usaki janasankhya ke anupat se bahut kam bhoomi mean kheti hoti hai.[3]
halaanki ve muhammad ali jinna aur muslim lig ki vibhajanakari saanpradayik rananiti ke ghor alochak the par unhoanne tark diya ki hinduoan aur musalamanoan ko prithakh kar dena chahie aur pakistan ka gathan ho jana chahiye kyoanki ek hi desh ka netritv karane ke lie, jatiy rashtravad ke chalate desh ke bhitar aur adhik hiansa panapegi. unhoanne hindoo aur musalamanoan ke saanpradayik vibhajan ke bare mean apane vichar ke paksh mean aautomon samrajy aur chekoslovakiya ke vighatan jaisi aitihasik ghatanaoan ka ullekh kiya. unhoanne poochha ki kya pakistan ki sthapana ke liye paryapt karan maujood the? aur sujhav diya ki hindoo aur musalamanoan ke bich ke matabhed ek kam kathor qadam se bhi mitana sanbhav ho sakata tha. unhoanne likha hai ki pakistan ko apane astitv ka auchity siddh karana chahiye. kanada jaise deshoan mean bhi saanpradayik mudde hamesha se rahe haian par aj bhi aangrez aur phraansisi ek sath rahate haian, to kya hindoo aur musalaman bhi sath nahian rah sakate. unhoanne chetaya ki do desh banane ke samadhan ka vastavik kriyanvayan atyant kathinaee bhara hoga. vishal janasankhya ke sthanantaran ke sath sima vivad ki samasya bhi rahegi. bharat ki svatantrata ke bad hone vali hiansa ko dhyan mean rakh kar yah bhavishyavani kitani sahi thi.
ambedakar banam gaandhi
mahatma gaandhi ke viparit d aau. ambedakar gaanvoan ki apeksha nagaroan mean evan gramin shilpoan ya krishi ki vyavastha ki tulana mean pashchimi samaj ki audyogik vikas mean bharat aur dalitoan ka bhavishy dekhate the. ve marksavadi samajavad ki tulana mean bauddh manavavad ke samarthak the jisake kendr mean vyaktigat svatantrata, samanata evan bhratritv ki bhavana hai. ambedakar, mahatma gaandhi aur bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke ugr alochak the. unake samakalinoan aur adhunik vidvanoan ne unake mahatma gaandhi (jo ki pahale bharatiy neta the jinhoanne asprishyata aur bhedabhav karane ka mudda sabase pahale uthaya tha) ke virodh ki alochana hai.
1932 mean gram panchayat bil par bambee ki vidhan sabha mean bolate hue ambedakar ne kaha: bahutoan ne gram panchayatoan ki prachin vyavastha ki bahut prashansa ki hai. kuchh logoan ne unhean gramin prajatantr kaha hai. in dehati prajatantroan ka gun jo bhi ho, mujhe yah kahane mean jara bhi duvidha nahian hai ki ve bharat mean sarvajanik jivan ke lie abhishap haian. yadi bharat rashtravad utpann karane mean saphal nahian hua, yadi bharat rashtriy bhavana ke nirman mean saphal nahian hua, to isaka mukhy karan meri samajh mean gram vyavastha ka astitv hai. isase hamare logoan mean vishisht sthaniyata ki bhavana bhar gee usase b di nagarik bhavana ke lie tho di bhi jagah n rahi. prachin gram panchayatoan ki vyavastha ke antargat ekatabaddh janata ke desh ke badale bharat gram panchayatoan ka dhila-dhala samuday ban gaya. ve sab ek hi raja ki praja the, isake siva unake bich aur koee bandhan nahian tha.[4]
gaandhi ka darshan bharat ke paranparik gramin jivan ke prati adhik sakaratmak, lekin roomani tha, aur unaka drishtikon asprishyoan ke prati bhavanatmak tha unhoanne unhean harijan kah kar pukara. ambedakar ne is visheshan ko sire se asvikar kar diya. unhoanne apane anuyayiyoan ko gaanv chho d kar shahar jakar basane aur shiksha prapt karane ke lie prerit kiya.
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mrityu
ambedakar 1948 se madhumeh se pi dit the. aur vo joon se aktoobar 1954 tak bahut bimar rahe. rajanitik muddoan se pareshan ambedakar ka svasthy bad se badatar hota chala gaya aur 1955 ke dauran kiye gaye lagatar kam ne unhean to d kar rakh diya. apani aantim pandulipi buddh aur unake dhamm ko poora karane ke tin din ke bad 6 disanbar 1956 ko ambedakar ki mrityu niand mean dilli mean unake ghar mean ho gee. 7 disanbar ko chaupati samudr tat par bauddh shaili mean aantim sanskar kiya gaya jisamean saik doan hazaroan samarthakoan, karyakartaoan aur prashansakoan bhag liya. ek smarak ambedakar ke dilli sthit unake ghar 26 alipur rod mean sthapit kiya gaya hai. ambedakar jayanti par sarvajanik avakash rakha jata hai. apane anuyayiyoan ko unaka sandesh tha.
shikshit bano !!!, sangathit raho!!!, sangharsh karo !!!.
upasanhar
ambedakar vidhi visheshajn, arthashastri, itihas vivechak, aur dharm aur darshan ke vidvanh the. unhoanne apane lekhan mean anek aise sootr die haian jinake adhar par bharatiy itihas ko ham pooanjivadi vivechakoan ke dushprabhav se mukt kar sakate haian. unaki ek kraantikari sthapana yah hai ki ianglaiand kisi tarah vyapar mean bharat se spardha n kar sakata tha aur mal taiyar karane vale desh ke roop mean bharat ianglaiand se badh kar tha. aangrezi shasanatantr ke vivechan mean ambedakar ne anek aise tathy die haian jinase pramanit hota hai, aangrezoan ne jati-biradari ki pratha ko aur kathor banaya, unhoanne yahaan ka vyapar nasht kiya, shaharoan ke udyog-dhandhe tabah kie. lakhoan karigar shahar chho dakar dehat mean ja base, vahaan jamiandaroan ki begar karane par badhy hue.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
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sanbandhit lekh
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