गोदावरी नदी
[[chitr:Godavari-River.jpg|godavari ghat, nasik
Godavari Ghat, Nashik|thumb]]
vaidik sahity mean abhi tak godavari ki kahian bhi charcha nahian prapt ho saki hai. bauddh granthoan mean bavari ke vishay mean kee dantakathaean milati haian. brahmapuran mean gautami nadi par 106 dirgh poorn adhyay hai. inamean isaki mahima varnit hai. vah pahale mahakosal ka purohit tha aur pashchat pasanedi ka, vah godavari par alak ke parshv mean asyak ki bhoomi mean nivas karata tha aur aisa kaha jata hai ki usane shravasti mean buddh ke pas katipay shishy bheje the.[1] panini[2] ke 'sankhyaya nadi-godavaribhyaan ch' vartik mean 'godavari' nam aya hai aur isase 'saptagodavar' bhi parilakshit hota hai. ramayan, mahabharat evan puranoan mean isaki charcha huee haian. van parv[3] ne ise dakshin mean payi jane vali ek punit nadi ki sanjna di hai aur kaha hai ki yah nirjharapoorn evan vatikaoan se achchhadit tatavali thi aur yahaan munigan tapasya kiya karate the. ramayan ke arany kand va. ra.[4] ne godavari ke pas ke panchavati namak sthal ka varnan kiya hai, jahaan mrigoan ke jhund raha karate the aur jo agasty ke ashram se do yojan ki doori par tha. brahm puran[5] mean godavari evan isake upatirthoan ka savistar varnan hua hai. tirthansar[6] ne brahmapuran ke katipay adhyayoan[7] se lagabhag 60 shlok uddhrit kiye haian, jisase yah prakat hota hai ki aj ke brahmapuran ke gautami vale adhyay 1500 ee. ke poorv upasthit the. vaman kane ke lekh ke anusar[8] brahm puran ne godavari ko samany roop mean gautami kaha hai.[9] brahmapuran[10] mean aya hai ki vindhy ke dakshin mean ganga ko gautami aur uttar mean bhagirathi kaha jata hai. godavari ki 200 yojan ki lambaee kahi gayi hai aur kaha gaya hai ki is par sadhe tin karo d tirth paye jate haian.[11] dandakarany ko dharm evan mukti ka bij evan usaki bhoomi ko (usake dvara ashlisht sthal ko) punyatam kaha gaya hai.[12]
namakaran
kuchh vidvanoan ke anusar , isaka namakaran telugoo bhasha ke shabd 'god' se hua hai, jisaka arth maryada hota hai. ek bar maharshi gautam ne ghor tap kiya. isase rudr prasann ho ge aur unhoanne ek bal ke prabhav se ganga ko pravahit kiya. gangajal ke sparsh se ek mrit gay punarjivit ho uthi. isi karan isaka nam godavari p da. gautam se sanbandh jud jane ke karan ise gautami bhi kaha jane laga. isamean nahane se sare pap dhul jate haian. godavari ki sat dhara vasishtha, kaushiki, vriddh gautami, bharadvaji, atreyi aur tulya ativ prasiddh hai. puranoan mean inaka varnan milata hai. inhean mahapunyaprapti karak bataya gaya hai-
saptagodavari snatva niyato niyatashan: .
mahapunyamaprapnoti devaloke ch gachchhati ॥
brahmagiri par utari ganga
bahut-se puranoan mean ek shlok aya hai- 'madhy ke desh sahy parvat ke anantar mean haian, vahian par godavari hai aur vah bhoomi tinoan lokoan mean sabase sundar hai. vahaan govardhan hai, jo mandar evan gandhamadan ke saman hai.'[13] brahm puran[14] mean varnan aya hai ki kis prakar gautam ne shiv ki jata se ganga ko brahmagiri par utara, jahaan unaka ashram tha aur kis prakar is kary mean ganesh ne sahayata di. narad puran[15] mean aya hai ki jab gautam tap kar rahe the to barah varshoan tak pani nahian barasa aur durbhiksh p d gaya, is par sabhi munigan unake pas gaye aur unhoanne ganga ko apane ashram mean utara. ve prat:kal shali ke ann bote the aur madhyahn mean kat lete the aur yah kary ve tab tak karate chale gaye jab tak paryapt roop mean ann ekatr nahian ho gaya. shivaji prakat hue aur rrishi ne prarthana ki ki ve (shivaji) unake ashram ke pas rahean aur isi se vah parvat jahaan gautam ka ashram avasthit tha, tryambak nam se vikhyat hua.[16]
mukhy nadiyaan
godavari nadi ke tat par hi tryanbakeshvar, nasik, paithan jaise prasiddh tirthasthal haian. ise puran dakshiniganga bhi kahate haian. isaka kafi bhag dakshin bharat mean haian. isaki kul lanbaee 1465 kimi hai, jisaka 48.6 bhag maharashtr, 20.7 bhag madhy pradesh, 14 karnatak, 5.5 u disa, aur 23.8 aandhr pradesh mean p data hai. isamean mukhy nadiyaan jo akar milati haian , ve haian–
- poorna,
- kadam,
- praanhita,
- sabari,
- iandravati,
- mujira,
- siandhukana,
- maner,
- pravar adi.
isake muhanoan mean kafi kheti hoti hai aur is par kee mahattvapoorn baandh bhi bane haian .
vishesh mahatta
varah puran[17] ne bhi kaha hai ki gautam hi jahnavi ko dandak van mean le aye aur vah godavari ke nam se prasiddh ho gayi. koorm puran[18] ne nadiyoan ki ek lambi soochi dekar ant mean kaha hai ki shraddh karane ke lie godavari ki vishesh mahatta hai. brahm puran[19] mean aisa aya hai ki 'sabhi prakar ke kashtoan ko door karane ke lie keval do (upay) ghoshit haian- punit nadi gautami evan shiv jo karunakar haian. brahm puran ne yahaan ke lagabhag 100 tirthoan ka varnan kiya hai, yatha-
- tryambak[20],
- kushavart[21],
- janasthan[22],
- govardhan[23],
- pravara-sangam[24],
- nivasapur[25],
- vanjara-sangam[26] adi.
kintu sthanabhav se ham inaki charcha nahian kareange. kintu nasik, govardhan, panchavati evan janasthan ke vishay mean kuchh likh dena avashyak hai.
dan ka varnan
bharahut stoop ke ghere ke ek stambh par ek lekh hai jisamean nasik ke vasuk ki patni gorakshita ke dan ka varnan hai. yah lekh ee.poo. 200 ee. ka hai aur ab tak ke paye gaye nasik-sambandhi lekhoan mean sab se purana he. mahabhashy[27] mean nasiky puri ka ullekh hua hean vayu puran[28] ne nasiky ko ek desh ke roop mean kaha hai. pandulena ki gufaoan ke nasik lekhoan se pata chalata hai ki eesa ke kee shatabdiyoan poorv se nasik ek samriddhishali sthal tha.[29] t aaulemi (lagabhag 150 ee.) ne bhi nasik ka ullekh kiya he.[30]
itihas
nasik ke itihas isake snan-sthaloan, mandiroan, jalashayoan, tirthayatra evan pooja-krityoan ke vishay mean sthanabhav se adhik nahian likha ja sakata. is vishay mean dekhie bambee ka gajetiyar[31] yahaan yah varnit hai ki nasik mean 60 mandir evan godavari ke vam tat par panchavati mean 16 mandir haian. kintu aj prachin mandiroan mean kadachith hi koee kh da ho. sanh 1680 ee. mean dakshin ki soobedari mean aurangazeb ne nasik ke 25 mandir tu dava dale. aj ke sabhi mandir poona ke peshavaoan dvara nirmit karaye gaye haian (sanh 1850 evan 1818 ke bhitar) inamean tin ullekhaniy haian-
- panchavati mean ramaji ka mandir,
- godavari ke bayean tat par pahale mo d ke pas naro-shankar ka mandir (ya ghantamandir) evan
- nasik ke adityavar peth mean sundar narayan ka mandir.
gufa ka darshan
panchavati mean sita-gufa ka darshan kiya jata hai, isake pas baragad ke prachin pe d haian jinake vishay mean aisa vishvas hai ki ye paanch vato se utpann hue haian jinase is sthan ko panchavati ki sanjna mili hai. sita-gufa se tho di door par kale ram ka mandir hai jo pashchim bharat ke sundar mandiroan mean pariganit hota hai. govardhan[32] evan tapovan[33] ke bich mean bahut-se snan-sthal evan pavitr kund haian. godavari ki bayian or jahaan isaka dakshin ki or pratham ghumav hai, nasik ka ramakund namak pavitratam sthal hai. kalaram-mandir ke prati din ke dharmik krity evan pooja yatri log nasik mean hi karate haian.
nasik nam ki utpatti
nasik ke utsavoan mean ramanavami ek bahut b da parv hai. 'nasik' shabd 'nasika' se bana hai aur isi se 'nasiky' shabd bhi bana hai. sambhavat: yah nam isalie p da hai ki yahian par lakshman ne shoorpanakha ki nak (nasika) kati thi.[34]
panchavati
ushavadat ke nasik-shilalekh mean, jo bahut lamba evan prasiddh haian, 'govardhan' shabd aya hai.[35] panchavati nam jyoan-ka-tyoan chala aya hai. yah jnatavy hai ki ramayan[36] mean panchavati ko desh kaha gaya hai. shaly parv[37], ramayan[38], narad puran[39] evan agni puran[40] ke mat se janasthan dandakarany mean tha aur panchavati usaka (arthath janasthan ka) ek bhag tha. janasthan vistar mean 4 yojan tha aur yah nam isalie p da ki yahaan janak-kul ke rajaoan ne godavari ki kripa se mukti payi thi.[41]
mahapuny
jab brihaspati grah sianh rashi mean pravesh karata hai us samay ka godavari-snan aj bhi mahapuny-karak mana jata hai.[42] brahm puran[43] mean aisa aya hai ki tinoan lokoan ke sadhe tin karo d devata is samay yahaan snanarth ate haian aur is samay ka keval ek godavari-snan bhagirathi mean prati din kiye jane vale 60 sahasr varshoan tak ke snan ke barabar hai. varah puran[44] mean aisa aya hai ki jab koee sianhasth varsh mean godavari jata hai, vahaan snan karata hai aur pitaroan ka tarpan evan shraddh karata hai to usake ve pitar, jo narak mean rahate haian, svarg chale jate haian, aur jo svarg ke vasi hote haian, ve mukti pa jate haian. 12 varshoan ke uparant, ek bar brihaspati sianh rashi mean ata hai. is sianhasth varsh mean bharat ke sabhi bhagoan se sahasroan ki sankhya mean yatrigan nasik ate haian.
pauranik katha
gautam muni bahut varshoan tak vahaan tapasya mean lage rahe. tadanantar ambikapati bhagavan shiv ne unaki tapasya se santusht ho unhean apane parshadaganoan ke sath darshan diya aur kaha- 'var maango.' tab munivar gautam ne bhagavan tryanmbak ko sashtaang pranam kiya aur bole-'sabaka kalyan karane vale bhagavan! apake charanoan mean meri sada bhakti bani rahe aur mere ashram ke samip isi parvat ke oopar apako maian sada virajaman dekhooan, yahi mere liye abhisht var hai.' muni ke aisa kahane par bhaktoan ko manovanchhit var dene vale parvativallabh bhagavan shiv ne unhean apana samipy pradan kiya. bhagavan tryambak usi roop se vahian nivas karane lage. tabhi se vah parvat tryanmbak kahalane laga. subhage! jo manav bhaktibhav se godavari-ganga mean jakar snan karate haian, ve bhavasagar se mukt ho jate haian. jo log godavari ke jal mean snan karake us parvat par virajaman bhagavan tryambak ka vividh upacharoan se poojan karate haian, ve sakshat maheshvar haian. mohini! bhagavan tryambak ka yah mahatmy maianne sankshep se bataya hai. tadanantar jahaan tak godavari ka sakshat darshan hota hai, vahaan tak bahut-se punyamay ashram haian. un sab mean snan karake devataoan tatha pitaroan ka vidhipoorvak tarpan karane se manushy manovaanchhit kamanaoan ko prapt kar leta hai. bhadre! godavari kahian prakat haian aur kahian gupt haian; phir age jakar punyamayi godavari nadi ne is prithvi ko aplavit kiya hai. manushyoan ki bhakti se jahaan ve maheshvari devi prakat huee haian, vahaan mahan punyatirth hai jo snan matr se papoan ko har lene vala hai. tadanantar godavari devi panchavati mean jakar bhali-bhaanti prakash mean ayi haian. vahaan ve sampoorn lokoan ko uttam gati pradan karati haian. vidhinandini! jo manushy niyam evan vrat ka palan karate hue panchavati ki godavari mean snan karata hai, vah abhisht kamanaoan ko prapt kar leta hai. jab treta yug mean bhagavan shri ram apani dharmapatni sita aur chhote bhaee lakshman ke sath akar rahane lage, tab se unhoanne panchavati ko aur bhi punyamayi bana diya. shubhe! is prakar yah sab gautamashram ka mahatmy kaha gaya hai.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ suttanipat, saikred buk av di eest, jild 10, bhag 2, 184 evan 187
- ↑ panini, 5.4.75
- ↑ mahabharat (vanaparv), 88.2
- ↑ ramayan (arany kand), 13.13 evan 21
- ↑ brahm puran, adhyay 70-175
- ↑ nrisianhapuran ka ek bhag
- ↑ brahmapuran, yatha- 89, 91, 106, 107, 116-118, 121, 122, 131, 144, 154, 159, 172
- ↑ jarnal av di bambe braanch av di eshiyatik sosaiti, sanh 1917, pri0 27-28
- ↑ vindhyasy dakshine ganga gautami sa nigadyate. uttare sapi vindhyasy bhagirathyabhidhiyate॥ brahm puran (78.77) evan tirthasar (pri0 45).
- ↑ brahmapuran, 78.77
- ↑ brahm puran 77.8-9
- ↑ tisr: kotyoardhakoti ch yojananaan shatadvayean. tirthani munishardool sambhavishyanti gautam॥ brahm puran (77.8-9). dharmabijan muktibijan dandakaranyamuchyate. visheshadh gautamishlishto desh: punyatamoabhavath॥ brahm puran (161.73).
- ↑ sahyasyanantare chaite tatr godavari nadi. prithivyamapi kritsnayaan s pradesho manoram:. yatr govardhano nam mandaro gandhamadan:॥ matsy puran (114.37-38=vayu0 45.112-113=markandey0 54.34-35=brahmand0 2.16.43). aur dekhie brahm puran (27.43-44).
- ↑ brahm puran, 27.43-44
- ↑ narad puran, uttarardh, 72
- ↑ narad puran, shlok 24
- ↑ varah puran, 71.37-44
- ↑ koorm puran, 2.20.29-35
- ↑ brahm puran, 124.93
- ↑ brahm puran, 71.6
- ↑ brahm puran, 980.1-3
- ↑ brahm puran, 988.1
- ↑ brahm puran, adhyay 91
- ↑ brahm puran, 106
- ↑ brahm puran, 106.55
- ↑ brahm puran, 159
- ↑ mahabhashy, 6.1.63
- ↑ vayu puran, 45.130
- ↑ epigraiphiya indika, jild 8, pri0 59-96
- ↑ t aaulemi, pri0 156
- ↑ jild 16, nasik zila
- ↑ nasik se 6 mil pashchim
- ↑ nasik se 1॥ mil dakshin-poorv
- ↑ dekhie bambee gajetiyar, jild 6, pri0 517-518, 529-531 evan 522-526
- ↑ dekhie bambee gajetiyar, jild 16, pri0 569-570
- ↑ ramayan, 3.13.13
- ↑ shaly parv, 939.9-10
- ↑ ramayan, 3.21.19-20
- ↑ naradiy puran, 2.75.30
- ↑ agni puran, 7.2-3
- ↑ brahm puran 88.22-24
- ↑ dharmasindhu, pri0 7
- ↑ brahm puran, 152.38-39
- ↑ varah puran, 71.45-46
sanbandhit lekh
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