धवल तुषार
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tapaman shoony digri selsiyas se kam hone par bhootal ke oopar (prayah ghasoan tatha sookhi vastuoan par) ravedar himakanoan ka jamav hota hai, jisaka rang bilkul shvet ya dhaval hota hai. ise 'dhaval tushar' ya 'pala' (aangrezi: Hoar frost) kahate haian.
- apane asapas ki vayu ki apeksha thandi aur himaank biandu se kam tapaman vali satah par jalavashp ke sidhe thos roop mean parivartit hone ko pala kahate haian halaanki yah jami os nahian hoti hai. pala ka vinashakari roop varshik paudhoan aur chhote pe doan ko nasht kar sakata hai.
- barph-kristaloan ka vah nikshep, jisaka nirman bhoomi ke nikat paee jane vali vastuoan par us samay hota hai, jis samay vayumandal mean upasthit jalavashp bina drav avastha mean ae hue jam jaya karati haian. jab kabhi bhi osaank himaank ke niche pahuanch jata hai, us samay os ki bajay isaki rachana ho jaya karati hai. isamean prayah aanshatah jami huee os aur aanshatah jalavashp se pratyaksh bani barph paee jati hai. sanyukt rajy amarika mean ise shvet os bhi kahate haian.
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