अक्षपाद
upalabdh nyay darshan ke adi pravartak 'maharshi gotam' ya 'gautam' haian. yahi akshapad nam se bhi prasiddh haian. unhoanne upalabdh nyayasootroan ka pranayan kiya tatha is anvikshiki ko kramabaddh kar shastr ke roop mean pratishthapit kiya.
gautam aur akshapad mean abhed tatha inaka parichay
- REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean
apatat: sandeh ho sakata hai ki akshapad aur gotam ya gautam ek hi rrishi ke do nam haian ya donoan bhinn-bhinn rrishi haian? yahaan skand puran ne is sandeh ko door kar diya hai. isaka kahana hai ki akshapad aur gautam ek hi rrishi ke do nam haian-
akshapado mahayogi gautamastapasi sthit:.
godavarisamaneta ahalyaya:pati: prabhu:॥ [1]
- ved tatha puranoan mean anek gotam ya gautam namak rrishiyoan ka parichay milata hai.
- maharshi ushij ke putr dirdhatama gotam janmandh the. inaka parichay matsy puran[2] mean diya gaya hai.
- rrigved mean gotam rrishi ke koopalabh ki bat kahi gayi hai.[3] is sookt ke rrishi rahoogan gautam haian. rahoogan ke putr hone ke nate rahugan nam se inaki prasiddhi huee.
- shatapath brahman mean videh madhav raja ke purohit ke roop mean inaka parichay diya gaya hai.[4]
- isi kram mean yah bhi ullekhaniy hai ki valmiki ne apani ramayan mean ahalya ke putr shatanand ko raja janak ka purohit kaha hai. yahi rahugan gotam ahalya ke pati rahe hoange, jinhoanne nyayasootroan ka upadesh kiya tha- aisi manyata vidvanoan ki rahi hai.
- mahamahopadhyay vindhyeshvari prasad dvivedi tatha mahamahopadhyay phanibhooshan tarkavagish ne yathakram nyayavarttik aur bangala nyayabhashy ki bhoomika mean isaka vishad vivechan kiya hai.
muktaye y: shilatvay shastramooche sachetasamh.
gotaman tamavetyev yathavitth tathaiv s:॥ [5]
naishadhiyacharit ke is shlok ko uddhrit kar donoan hi mahapanditoan ne apane mat mean yukti dikhayi hai. yahaan shriharsh ne mahavrishabh arth mean gotam shabd ka prayog kar nyayasootr ke praneta rrishi gotam ka upahas kiya hai. yadyapi nyayasootrakar ke lie gautam pad ka prayog bhi kiya gaya hai. tathapi gotam rrishi ke apaty arth mean ukt pad ka prayog sangat hi hai.
- gotr-pravartak rrishi gotam ke vanshaj gautam bhi nyayasootr ke praneta ke roop mean prasiddh ho sakate haian. mahakavi bhas ne pratimanatak mean nyay darshan ke praneta ke roop mean medhatithi ka ullekh kiya hai.[6]
- mahabharat mean bhi ahalyapati gotam medhatithi nam se ullikhit haian. inhoanne chirakari namak putr ko kabhi apani maan ahalya ki hatya ka adesh diya tha. kintu putr ke chirakaritvagun ke karan vah sampadit nahian ho saka to pashchath vicharak rrishi apane anuchit adesh ke lie du:khi hue tatha putr ke gun par prasann hokar use ashirvad diya.[7] sanbhav hai medhatithi unaka saanskarik nam raha ho aur gotam gotranam.
- devi puran mean gotam pad ki rochak vyutpatt ki gayi hai- vachan se jo doosaroan ko du:khi kare, vahi gautam hai arthath vadapradhan nyayashastr ke jnata yuktibal se pratipakshi ko parast kar apana mat pratishthit karata hai. us shastr ke praneta gotam haian aur unake vanshaj gautam. inhian ko akshapad bhi kaha jata hai-
gaurvakh tayaiv tamayanh paranh gotam uchyate.
gotamanvayajanmeti gautamoapi s chakshapath॥[8]
maharshi gautam ka ashram
prachin parampara ke anusar mithila mean is maharshi gautam ka ashram raha hai. darabhanga nagar se uttar ki or dash kosh ki doori par aj bhi inaka ashram vidyaman hai, jahaan nikat mean ‘ahalya sthan’ bhi hai aur ved prasiddh vah koop bhi. is koop ke jal se devataoan ne kabhi is rrishi ko paritript kiya tha. yahian maharshi gotam ne tapasya ki thi aur tapobal se gautami ganga ko laye the. kianvadanti ke anusar yahian nyayasootr ka bhi pranayan hua, sanbhav hai ki ahalyapati gautam ko maithil kahane ka tatha mithila mean adikal se hi nyayashastr ke adhik prachar-prasar ka yahi karan raha hoga.
akshapad ke sambandh mean devi puran mean ek rochak katha varnit hai. ek samay aisa aya jab sampoorn bharat mean nastik matoan ka bolavala raha, yajn adi dharmanushthan lupt hone laga. isase chintit hokar devataoan ne bhagavan shankar ki aradhana ki. shankar ne maharshi gautam ke pas un logoan ko bheja. maharshi gautam nastik matoan ke uchchhed hetu baddhaparikar hokar sampoorn bharat ki yatra par chal p de. inaki pariksha ke lie bhagavan shiv balak ka roop dharan kar raste mean nastik matoan ke anukool tark karate hue inase shastr-vichar karane lage. ek saptah tak yah shastrarth chalata raha kintu kisi ki parajay nahian ho saki. maharshi chintit hokar maun ho gaye, balak roopadhari bhagavan shiv inaka upahas karane lage. unhoanne kaha ki jab ap mujh balak ko parast nahian kar sake to vriddh evan lokasammat viddhan nastik ko ap kaise parast kar sakeange. isase to achchha yahi hoga ki ap chupachap bhag jao. kintu maharshi ki antardrishti ne shiv ko pahachan liya aur ye unaki stuti karane lage. stuti se prasann hokar shiv ne inako darshan diya aur var dete hue kaha ki tum tark kushal ho. tumhare atirikt vad yuddh se mujhe kaun prasann kar sakata hai! maian prasann hooan, maian tumhara nam dharan karooanga aur tum bhi 'trinetr' hooge. isi samay shiv ji ke vahan nandi ne apane daanto se praman adi solah padarthoan ko likhakar rrishi ke samaksh pradarshit kiya. pashchath rrishi ne bhagavan shankar ke anugrah se lok mean un padarthoan ka prachar kiya, jo vidya anvikshiki nam se prasiddh huee. bhagavan shiv ki ajna se maharshi gautam ne nastik mat ka nash karane vali is vidya ki shiksha dash dinoan tak apane shishyoan ko di. aj bhi is panchadhyayi nyayashastr ke dash ahnik vidyaman haian.
bhagavan vedavyas ne maharshi gautam se vidhivat is vidya ka adhyayan kiya. pashchath 'brahmasootr' ki rachana kar tarkashastr ki ninda bhi ki. isase rusht evan asantusht guru gautam ne sankalp kiya ki in aankhoan se pun: us shishy ko nahian dekhooanga. idhar vyas ji gurudev ke is sankalp ki soochana pakar bhayabhit ho gaye aur unako prasann karane ke lie vinamr hokar kaha ki maianne to kutarko ki ninda ki hai, apake sattakoan ki nahian, itana sunate hi ashutosh ke bhakt guru gautam ne prasann hokar unako dekhane ke lie apane charan mean hi ek aankh ka avirbhav kar liya. tab se maharshi gautam akshapad kahalane lage.[9]
is katha ke pramany mean sandeh rahane par bhi itana to avashy mana ja sakata hai ki maharshi gautam hi akshapad haian aur isaka adhar prachin kianvadanti ya is puran ki yah katha hai. yah koee adhunik kalpana nahian hai. yahian ek bat aur lakshy karane yogy hai ki prachin naiyyayik ke shivabhakt hone ka bij yah puran-katha hi hai. chooanki shiv ke dvara is shastr ka prakashan puranoan mean pratipadit hai, at: varttikakar udyotakar ka mahapashupatachary hona ashcharyajanak nahian hai. tatparyachary dvara vrishaketu (shiv) ka pranam nivedan tatha 'nyayakusumanjali' ke upasanhar mean achary udayan dvara ‘tanme pramanan shiv:‘ kahana bhi nyayadarshan ki shaiv parampara hone ka sakshy prastut karata hai.
yadyapi prakashit devi puran mean yah aansh anupalabdh hai tathapi matrika (pandulipi) mean upalabdh is aansh ko dekhakar m.m. phanibhooshan tarkavagish ne bangala nyayadarshan ki bhoomika mean isaka samavesh kritajnata ke sath kiya hai.
'nyayamanjari' ke upasanhar mean naiyyayik jayantabhatt ne bhi kaha hai ki maharshi akshapad ne vadakatha se bhagavan shankar ko santusht kar unase var prapt kiya tha.[10] isase uparyukt devi puran ki bat ki pushti hoti hai.
brahmand puran mean kaha gaya hai ki dvapar yug mean sattaisavean parivart mean jatukarny vyas ke samay mean prabhasatirth mean 'som sharma' ke nam se shiv ka avatar hoga aur us samay unake char putr hogean-
pun: surakshan vyas ke samay kali ke chaudahavean paryay mean shiv ka avatar hoga. tab aangiras gotr mean shreshth gautam namak yogi hogean, jinake nam se us van ka bhi nam hoga, jahaan ye rahege.[12]
thik yahi bat vayu puran [13] tatha liang puran[14] mean bhi gayi hai.
phalitarth yah hua ki ahalya ke pati 'gautam' hi 'medhatithi' evan 'akshapad' nam se parichit haian. inhian ko bhagavan shiv ke anugrah se nyayashastriy shodash padarthoan ka darshan hua aur inhoanne anugrah buddhi se isaka lok mean prachar kiya. atev inaka evan inake anuyayioan ka shaiv achar-vichar se prabhavit hona svabhavik hai. chooanki mithila shaivadharm se apekshakrit adhik prabhavit huee aur yahian sarvapratham nyayashastr ka prachar hua, jo kramash: roodhamoola hokar paramparakram se aj tak yahaan vartaman evan vardhaman hai.[15]
|
|
|
|
|
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ skand puran maheshvar khand, kumarika khand 55.5
- ↑ matsyapuran a. 48
- ↑ jihman nanudeavatan taya dishaasinchannutsan gotamay trinnaje. agachchhantamavata chitramanav: kaman viprasy tarpayant dhamabhi:॥ (1.14.85.11) m.a.soo.m.
- ↑ videhoath madhavoagnivaishvanaramukhe babhar. tasy gotamo rahugan rrishi: purohit as. (a. 4.bra..
- ↑ naishadhiyacharitamh 17.15
- ↑ pratimanatak pancham, aank bho: kashayapagotroasmi. sangopangan vedamadhiye. manaviyan dharmashastran maheshvaran yogashastran barhaspatyamarthashastran medhatithernyayashastran prachetasan shraddhakalpan ch.
- ↑ mahabharat shantiparv a. 266 sampoorn tatha. medhatithirmahaprajno gautamastapasi sthit:॥ shlo0 45.
- ↑ devi puran, shumbhanishumbhamathanapad adhyay 30
- ↑ devi puran shumbhanishumbhamathanapad
- ↑ nyayodgaragabhiranirmalagira gauripatistoshito, vade yen kiritinev samare dev: kiratakriti:. praptodaravarastat: s jayati jnanamritaprarthana, namnanekamaharshimastakabalatpadoakshapado muni:॥
- ↑ saptavianshatime prapte parivarte kramagate. chatukarnyoan yada vyaso bhavishyati tapodhan:॥ tadapyahan bhavishyami somasharma dvijottam:. prabhasatirthamasady yogatma lokavishrut:॥ tatrapi mam te putra bhavishyanti tapodhana:. akshapad: kanadashch ulooko vats ev ch. (brahmandapuran anushangapad) a. 23
- ↑ yada vyas: surakshan: paryayetu chaturdash:. tatrapi punarevahan bhavishyami yugantaken vane tvadigaras: shreshtho gotamo nam yogavith. tasmadh bhavishyate punyan gautaman nam tadvanamh॥ (brahmandapuran, anushangapad) a. 23
- ↑ vayupuran poorvakhand a. 23
- ↑ lingapuran a. 24
- ↑
bho mune vedadharmajn! kian tooshnimasyate chiramh.
mamanirjity medhavinh kshudranastikabalakamh॥
kathannu vidusho vriddhanh nastikanh lokasammatanh.
vijeshyasi mahayuddhe tath palayasv ma chiramh॥
sadhu gautam bhadran te tarkeshu kushalo hyasi.
tvamrite vadayuddhen ki maan toshayituan ksham:॥
anen tav vaden toshitoahan mahamune.
tannam dharayishyami tvan trinetro bhavishyasi॥
ityevan bruvat: shambhorjajrimbhe vahano vrish:.
darshayanh dantalikhitanh pramanadianshch shodash॥
shambho: kripamanuprapy yadikshamakaronmuni:.
ten chanvikshikian sanjnaan vidyaan pravartayath kshitau॥
adeshen shivasyaiv s shishyanh dashabhirdine:.
pathayamas taan vidyaan nastikamatanashinimh॥
tat: kalen kiyata vyaso gurunideshat:.
samavritto grihasthoabhooth vedavyakhyanakovid:॥
s tark nindayamas brahmasootropadeshak:.
tachchhutva gautam: kruddho vedavyasan prati sthit:॥
pratijajne ch naitabhyaan drimbhyaan pashyami tanmukhamh॥
y: shishyo dveshti vai tark chiray gurusammatamh॥
vyasoapi bhagavaanstasy guro: kopan vimrishy ch.
ayayau tvaritastatr yatrabhoodh gautamo muni:॥
asakridh dandavadh bhootva padayo: pranipaty ch.
prasadayamas guruan kutarko nindito maya॥
prasanno gautamo vyase pratijnaan svanch sansmaranh.
padeakshian sphotayamas soakshapadastatoabhavath॥ (devipuran, shumbhanishumbhamathanapad)