कश्मीर में हिन्दी : स्थिति और संभावनाएँ -प्रो. चमनलाल सप्रू
| chitr:Icon-edit.gif | yah lekh svatantr lekhan shreni ka lekh hai. is lekh mean prayukt samagri, jaise ki tathy, aank de, vichar, chitr adi ka, sanpoorn uttaradayitv is lekh ke lekhak/lekhakoan ka hai bharatakosh ka nahian. |
- lekhak- pro. chamanalal saproo
jammoo-kashmir rajy chhota bharat hai. yahaan anek bhashabhashi log rahate haian. yahaan kee ilake aise haian, jahaan barph pighalane ka nam hi nahian leti to kee ilake aise bhi haian, jo garmiyoan mean tapaman ki drishti se desh ke kisi bhi garm kshetr ki yad dilate haian. mukhyataya rajy mean jo pramukh bhashaean evan boliyaan boli jati haian, ve haian- urdoo, hindi, kashmiri, dogari, bauddhi (laddakhi), balti, panjabi evan gojari (paha di). inamean bhi tin pramukh bhashaean kashmiri, dogari aur laddakhi rajy ki tin ikaiyoan ki tin pramukh bhashaean haian. yah ek vidanbana hai ki urdoo rajy ke kisi bhi vyakti ki matribhasha n hote hue bhi poore rajy ki sanpark bhasha hai aur sath hi rajabhasha bhi hai.
dogara shasakoan ke jamane se hi jammoo-kashmir rajy ki sarakari jaban urdoo hai, jise 1947 ke bad avami sarakar ne bhi pratyaksh karanoan se rajabhasha ke roop mean rajy ke sanvidhan mean bhi svikrit kiya. laddakh yadyapi kshetraphal ki drishti se rajy ka do tihaee bhookhand hai, kiantu janasankhya ki drishti yah bahut hi chhota ilaka hai. 1947 ke bad se yahaan shiksha ka vyapak prachar hone laga hai. urdoo aur bauddhi ke sath sath yahaan ke log hindi ke pathan pathan mean bhi ruchi le rahe haian. in panktiyoan ke lekhak ko is bat ka garv hai ki laddakh ka pratham em. e. hindi, shri durjey chhavaang jo jammoo-kashmir shiksha vibhag mean gat 12 varshoan se hindi pravakta ke roop mean kam kar raha hai, lekhak ka chhatr raha hai aur ab to rashtrabhasha prachar samiti ke leh keandr tatha bauddh darshan mahavidyalay leh ke sataprayatnoan se vahaan hindi ke janakaroan ki sankhya mean nirantar vriddhi ho rahi hai. jammoo kshetr ko maian himachal pradesh ki hi bhaanti hindi kshetr hi manata hooan. adhikaansh log devanagari lipi se parichit haian. nee paudh (80 pratishat) devanagari lipi aur hindi bhasha ki janakar hai. dogari bhasha ke lie sarakar ne yadyapi farasi evan devanagari donoan lipiyoan ko manyata di hai, phir bhi dogari ke lie vyavaharik drishti se keval devanagari lipi ka hi prayog kiya jata hai. yah bat santoshajanak hai ki sahity akadami dvara jo dogari sahityakar ab tak puraskrit hue haian, ve sab hindi ke bhi sahityakar haian.
kashmir ghati abadi ke lihaj se jammoo-kashmir rajy ka sabase b da kshetr hai. yahaan par sabhi log kashmiri bolate haian, jo unaki matribhasha hai. urdoo ka vyapak prayog hota hai, jo sarakari jaban hai. hindi sabhi samajhate haian aur padhe-likhe log isaka vyavaharik prayog kar sakate haian. yahi karan hai ki jab bhi desh ke any pradeshoan se hindi virodhi avaz sunaee di kashmir se kabhi aisa nara nahian sunaee diya. vastav mean kashmir sadaiv dharmik evan bhashayi star par sahishnuta ka ek jindaved udaharan raha hai. yahaan par prachin kal se hi dharmik, saanskritik, shaikshik aur adan-pradan raha hai. yahaan ke logoan ne har achchhi bat ko svikara hai aur atmasat kiya hai. kashmir mean prachin kal se desh ke kone-kone se yatri amaranath aur kshir bhavani ki yatra ke lie ate rahe haian. asankhy paryatak yahaan ka prakritik sauandary dekhane ke lie ate rahate haian. atyant prachin shiksha keandr hone ke karan jijnasu shiksharthi bhari sankhya mean yahaan ate rahe haian. anek kashmiri vyapari, karigar evan mazadoor jo doan mean arthik karanoan se desh ke vibhinn praantoan mean, visheshakar uttar bharat mean, chale ate haian. is adan pradan ke karan hindi kashmir logoan ke lie sanpark bhasha ke roop mean bahut pahale se vyavahrit huee hai.
- svatantrata poorv hindi ki sthiti
kashmir mean svatantrata se hindi ke prachar-prasar mean sarakari taur par tatkalin pradhanamantri gopal svami ayyangar aur shiksha nideshak khvaja gulamusaiyadaiv (1940) ne mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee. unhoanne devanagari aur farasi lipi mean asan urdoo ko rajy ke lie shiksha ka madhyam svikar kiya aur isi pariprekshy mean pathy pustakoan ka nirman karaya. pan. haramukuand shastri, pan. shridhar kauladulu, pro. shrikanthatoshakhani, pan. tarachand saproo adi shiksha shastriyoan ne vyaktigat prayatnoan se rajakiy skooloan mean hindi ke pathan pathan ko badhava diya. ary samaj, sanatan dharm sabha, hindi sahayak sabha, hindi parishad, hindi pracharini sabha, kashmir hindi sahity sammelan adi saanskriti-sahityik sansthaoan ne gair sarakari kshetr mean b di mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee. inhian dinoan kashmir ghati se kee hindi patr-patrikaean prakashit hueean, jinamean sthaniy hindi lekhakoan ki rachanaean prakashit hoti rahian. inake nam haian- chandroday, mahavir vitasta, jyoti, inake chalane valoan mean durga prasad kacharoo, dinanath din, govind bhatt shastri aur premanath bajaj adi ka nam ullekhaniy hai. is samay ke hindi premiyoan mean daktar kulabhooshan tatha pan. daulataram sharma, ramachandr kaul abhay, pan. amaranath kak, janakinath dar (vanaprasthi), jiyalal jalali adi ka namollekh karana avashyak hai. inhoanne svatantrata se poorv kashmir mean hindi ka vatavaran banane mean mishanariyoan ki tarah kam kiya hai.
- 1947 ke bad hindi ki sthiti
kashmir ghati mean azadi ke bad hindi ke prachar-prasar ko vyapak gati mili. sarakari suvidhaean prapt huee. kalijoan mean hindi ke aichchhik vishay ke roop mean pathan pathan ki vyavastha huee. aj lagabhag 60 se adhik pradhyapak keval do vishvavidyalayoan aur lagabhag 20 digri kalijoan mean hindi padhate haian aur shodhakary mean marg darshan karate haian. jammoo evan kashmir ke vishvavidyalayoan mean hindi ke chhatr-chhatraoan tatha shodharthiyoan ki sankhya utsahavardhak hai. kashmir vishvavidyalay ke hindi vibhag ne anek shodh prabandh hindi sansar ko die haian.
kashmir sarakar ke dvara sansthapit 'kalcharal akadami' ne bisiyoan hindi granth prakashit kie haian. anek hindi lekhakoan ko apani pustakean prakashit karane hetu arthik anudan diya hai. pray: sabhi pratishthit hindi lekhakoan ko puraskrit bhi kiya hai. akadami ek dvaimasik hindi patrika 'shiraja' bhi prakashit karati hai. rajy ka soochana vibhag ek masik hindi patrika 'yojana' ka bhi prakashan karata hai. rediyo, kashmir shrinagar se kashmir, urdoo ke atirikt ab hindi ke karyakram bhi prasarit hote haian. yuvavani ke hindi karyakramoan ke prastota abdal ahamad 'mahajood' pratham kashmiri bhashabhashi musalaman haian, jisane hindi mean em.e. kiya hai. ab to anek musalaman snatakottar star tak hindi ka shikshan karate haian. kashmir vishvavidyalay ka patrachar sansthan bhi hindi sartifiket kors chalata hai. filmoan aur akashavani ki vividh bharati seva ke dvara bhi ghati mean hindi ka vatavaran taiyar karane mean mahattvapoorn yogadan mila hai. svatantrata prapti ke bad kashyap aur prakash namak do sahityik patrikaean kafi samay tak prakashit hueean. in patrikaoan ne sthaniy lekhakoan ko hindi jagath se parichit karane mean ullekhaniy yogadan diya hai.
- jammoo-kashmir rashtrabhasha prachar samiti
vardha samiti ke sanrakshan mean varsh 1956 ee. mean pan. shanbhoonath parimoo, pro. jagaddhar jadoo, prahalad sianh aur in panktiyoan ke lekhak ne kashmir samiti ki sthapana ki. isaki pramukh upalabdhi yah hai ki ab tak lagabhag 50,000 pariksharthiyoan ne vardha samiti ki vibhinn parikshaoan mean bhag liya. inamean 22,000 muslim chhatr-chhatraean haian. is samay samiti rajy ke doorasth bhagoan mean lagabhag 40 keandr chalati hai, jahaan hindi ni:shulk padhaee jati hai. hindi ka ek tankan evan ashulipi prashikshan keandr chal raha hai. shrinagar mean ek keandriy hindi pustakalay hai aur rajy ke pramukh ziloan mean bhi hindi pustakalay haian. samiti ki or se sthaniy hindi lekhakoan ki pratinidhi rachanaoan ka prakashan 'nilaja' varshik sangrah mean prakashit hota hai. ab tak sat sangrah prakashit ho chuke haian.
- shekh sahi aur hindi
sher-e-kashmir shekh muhammad abdullah un svatantrata sangram ke senaniyoan mean se ek the, jinhean mahatma gaandhi ke sannidhy mean kam karane ka avasar mila tha. isalie bapoo ki vicharadhara ka un par pratyaksh prabhav p da bha. mahatma gaandhi rajanitik svatantrata se adhik manasik svatantrata ko mahattv dete the. is prishthabhoomi ka prabhav gaandhi ji ke nikatatam sahayogiyoan par p da tha. shekh sahib bhi is vicharadhara se prerit hue the. unhoanne 1947 mean shasan ki bagador sanbhalane ke sath hi bhasha sanbandhi niti ko spasht kiya aur matribhasha mean prathamik shiksha dilavane ke lie prayatnashil rahe. unake margadarshan mean kashmiri, dogari adi ka jitana vikas hua, vah pahale kabhi nahian hua tha.
apane jel pravas mean shekh sahib ne svayan hindi sikh li aur anek bar hindi ke mahattv par bhashan diya. unhoanne kabhi hindi ka virodh nahian kiya, balki hindi virodhi desh drohiyoan ki khulakar alochana ki. shekh muhammad abdullah un mahanh purushoan mean se haian, jinhoanne bharatiy sanvidhan ka nirman kiya. sanvidhan par unake hastakshar hindi mean haian. jabaki anek sadasyoan ne aangrezi mean hastakshar kie haian. yah unake deshaprem aur svabhiman ka ek jvalant praman hai.
gaandhi janm shatabdi ke avasar par rashtrabhasha prachar samiti shrinagar ke vishesh adhiveshan par unhoanne jo adhyakshiy bhashan diya, vah ek tarikhi dastavej hai. is abhibhashan se unaki bhasha-niti evan rashtrabhasha ke prati unake vichar spasht haian.
jammoo-kashmir rajy ke shasan ki bagador pun: sanbhalane ke uparaant shekh sahib ne ek adesh ke dvara shiksha vibhag ko hindi ke janakar adhyapakoan-adhyapikaoan ko urdoo sikhane aur urdoo ke janakar adhyapakoan-adhyapikaoan ko hindi sikhane ke nirdesh die. shiksha vibhag ke is nirnay ko kriyanvit karane ke lie kashmir vishvavidyalay ke patrachar sansthan ne ek pathyakram banaya. adhyapak-adhyapikaoan ne hindi ka sartifiket kors uttirn kiya.
aj jammoo-kashmir mean hindi ka prachar-prasar b de suvyavasthit dhang se ho raha hai. is rashtriy kary ke lie mahatma gaandhi aur shekh sahib ki punit prerana hi hindi premiyoan ka sanbal hai.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
| kramaank | lekh ka nam | lekhak |