मारिशस: सागर के पार लघु भारत -एस. भुवनेश्वर
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- lekhak- shri es. bhuvaneshvar
marishas ek chhota-sa dvip hai, jo hind mahasagar mean paya jata hai. yah dvip bharat se 3000 hajar mil door hai. isaka kshetraphal keval 720 vargamil hai. marishas ki kul janasankhya lagabhag das lakh ki hai, jisamean 52 pratishat hindoo haian. ek dach shasak ka nam ‘‘moris naso’’ tha. isi shasak ke ‘‘’moris’ nam se is tapoo ka nam ‘‘marishas’’ p da.
morishas pahale ek ghana jangal tha. yahaan koee adivasi nahian tha. sanh 1958 mean yah dvip dach jati dvara adhikrit hua. kuchh samay bad dach log marishas chho dakar chale gaye. marishas ki jamin patharili thi. patharili jamin aur ghane jangaloan ke karan dach shasakoan ne samajha ki yah tapoo kabhi bhi upajaoo nahian ban sakata. isilie ve yahaan se chale ge. magar unake chale jane ka mukhy karan ek aur bataya jata hai ki ve ‘‘maratha’’ javanoan se bhayabhit ho ge the. us samay ‘‘maratha’’ javan hind mahasagar mean upasthit the.
sanh 1715 mean, yani dach jati ke chale jane ke paanch varsh bad, yah tapoo phraansisiyoan dvara upaniveshit kiya gaya. phraansisi shasakoan ne is desh ka namakaran kiya. unhoanne isaka nam rakha ‘‘il-de-phraans’’ (phraans ka dvip)
phraansisi shasakoan ko pata chala ki marishas ek upajaoo desh ban sakata hai. unhean yah bhi bhali-bhaanti maloom tha ki bharatiy achchhe shramik hote haian. at: ve bahut-se bharatiy mazadooroan ko marishas le ge.
sanh 1810 mean aangrejoan ne bharatiy sipahiyoan ki sahayata se marishas jit liya. phraansisiyoan ki tarah aangrejoan ko bhi bharatiy mazadooroan ki avashyakata dikh p di. is samay bharat mean bhi aangrej rajy tha.
sanh 1934 mean bharatiyoan ka adhik sankhya mean marishas jana aranbh hua. bharat mean mazadooroan ko b di sankhya mean le jane ka vishesh prabandh kiya jata tha. yahaan anek sthanoan mean mazadooroan ko bharati karane ke lie pratinidhi niyukt kie jate the. unhean mazadooroan ki sankhya ke anusar talab milati thi. isalie ve kisi bhi prakar se adhik-se-adhik shramikoan ko marishas bhejane ke lie bharati karate the.
yah kahana avashyak hai ki apani matribhasha ko chho dakar bharatiy mazadoor marishas nahian jana chahate the. parantu, unhean yah lobh dikhakar phansaya gaya ki ve marishas mean bahut paise kamaeange tatha vahaan pattharoan ke niche sona milata hai. isake atirikt bahut-se bharatiyoan ko jabardasti le jaya gaya.
bharatiy mazadoor paanch sal ke shartaname par jate the. is shartaname ko ‘‘giramitiya’’ kaha jata tha. jab shartanama samapt hone par ve vahaan nahian rahana chahate the, tab unhean svadesh lautane mean har prakar ki rookavat dal di jati thi. jo shramik lautana chahate the, unhean apane kharch par aur unhian jahajoan mean vapis ana p data tha jinamean adhikari mahoday ane ki ajna dete tatha usi samay jo ve nishchit karate.
bharatiy mazadoor vahaan nahian rahana chahate the kyoanki unhean tarah-tarah ke kasht sahane p date the. unhean gair-kanooni roop se giraphtar kiya jata tha. chhoti-si bhool ke lie, kabhi bina kisi karan hi, unhean itana b da dand diya jata tha, jisase kee vyaktiyoan ki mrityu bhi ho jati thi. aise atyachar se bachane ke lie bahut-se mazadoor atmahatya kar dalate the.
aspatal mean bhi bharatiyoan ki koee seva nahian ki jati thi. unhean n sone ke lie koee sthan nahian milata tha, n bichhane ke lie koee vastr hi. unhean khane ke lie subah mutthi-bhar sookha chaval aur sham ko mutthi-bhar bail ke shorabe mean dubaya hua chaval milata tha. yah bhojan bhi itani kam matra mean milata tha ki mano unhean bhookhe hi marana p data tha. is upanivesh ke kanoon ke viruddh bharatiy mazadooroan se ravivar ko bhi kam karavaya jata tha. ek din ki gair-hajiri ke lie unaki do din ki talab kat li jati thi. agar bimari ke karan kisi majoodar ne ek mas kam nahian kiya to use do mas muft mean kam karana p data tha. kabhi-kabhi mazadooroan ko itana kam diya jata tha ki ve sham ko der tak kam karane par bhi kam poor nahian kar pate. phalasvaroop unaki is din ki talab kat li jati thi.
shartanam paanch sal ka tha. paanch sal ke bad mazadoor ‘‘purane pravasi’’ kahalate the. unaka jivan itana kashtamay kiya jata tha ki unhean apane malik ki har shart ko svikar karana p data tha kyoanki bharat lautane par samaj unhean thukarata tha yah kahakar ki pravas mean jane se ve jati se bahishkrit ho ge haian.
jo bharatiy mazadoor marishas ge the, un mean badhee bhi the. kuchh aise vyakti bhi the jo pul tatha uttam prakar ke makan banane mean visheshajn the. yah ullekhaniy hai ki bharatiyoan ne hi phraansisiyoan ko nariyal ka tel banana sikhaya.
british shasan-kal ke pratham dashak tak marishas vah sthan raha, jahaan bharat se nikale hue kaidiyoan ko bheja jata tha. ‘‘desh nikalo’’ dand pane vale kaidi jo marishas bheje ge the, unamean adhikaansh ve sipahi the, jin par sainik sanbandhi ya rajanitik ashisht vyavahar ka arop lagaya tha. ye kaidi adhikatar kalakatta se bheje jate the. ve chihn-svaroop kanoan mean bala pahanate the.
jis prakar bharatiy mazadooroan ne khoon-pasina ek karake marishas ko upajaoo desh banaya hai, usi prakar bharatiy kaidi vahaan achchhi-achchhi s dakean banakar ek sthan se doosare sthan tak jane ki athava yatayat ki suvidha bhi lae. du:kh ki bat yah hai ki in kaidiyoan ko janjir mean bandhe rahakar kam karana p data tha. darvin likhate haian - ‘‘bharatiy kaidiyoan ko adhikatar dand isalie milata tha ki ve dharm parivartan nahian karana chahate the’’.
pravasi bharatiy nirdhan hote hue bhi apani sanskriti ke dhani the. unake pas sanpatti namak koee vastu n thi. unaki jo ekamatr sanpatti thi, vah thi unaki sanskriti. in logoan ko dekhane se hi prasiddh lekhak charls darvin ko pata chala ki bharatavasi apani prachin sabhyata ke prati shraddhalu hote haian.
pravasi bharatiy apane sath ramayan tatha gita ki hastalikhit pratiyaan marishas le ge the. vahaan par ve hath hi se likhakar in dharm-granthoan ki pratiyoan ka vitaran kiya. isake alava, ve ‘‘baithaka’’ mean hindi padhate the. is prakar marishas mean bharatiy sanskriti jivit rah saki.
marishas mean pravasi bharatiyoan ko eesaee banane ke lie atyant vivash kiya gaya tha. aranbh mean keval purushoan ko vahaan bheja jata tha, striyoan ko nahian, taki ve bharatiy habshi mahilaoan se vivah karake eesaee ban jaean. parantu yah yojana viphal rahi.
jo bharatiy bachche skool jate the, unhean bhi eesaee banaya jata tha. isase bachane ke lie pravasi bharatiy apane bachchoan ko skool nahian bhejate the. apane dharm ki raksha ke lie unhean apane bachchoan ko anapadh rakhana svikar kiya tha. is sanbandh mean barns likhate haian:
‘‘pratham skool jo marishas mean sthapit kie ge the, eesaee karan ke bij bone ke lie hi the.’’
yah bat atharahavian shatabdi ki hai. shreshth phraansisi upanyasakar beranarde se pyer us bharatiy sanskriti se, jo marishas mean prachalit thi, ati prabhavit hue the. ‘‘pal aur virjini’’ namak upanyas ki nayika virjini ko unhoanne bharatiy sanskriti se sajaya hai. bharatiy sanskriti ki raksha ke lie, phraans ki sanskriti ko lekar lautati huee virjini ko inhoanne marishas ki bhoomi par pair rakhane se pahale, jahan mean hi, usake jivan ka aant kar dena upanyas mean uchit samajha.
sanh 1901 mean, mahatma gaandhi dakshin aphrika se lautate samay marishas mean ruke the. unhoanne pravasi bharatiyoan ke vanshajoan ko rajanitik kshetr mean pravesh karane ka protsahan diya.
sanh 1907 mean gaandhi ji ne d aauktar manilal ko marishas bheja. ve pravasi bharatiyoan ke jivan mean anek sudhar lae. unhoanne hi marishas mean ary samaj tatha ‘‘yangamens hindoo esosieshan’’ ki sthapana ki.
jahaan tak marishas mean bharatiy sanskriti ya hindi ki charcha hai, hamara vishay tab tak poorn nahian hoga jab tak ham achary vasudev vishnudayal ka ullekh nahian kareange. bharat se uchch shiksha prapt kar, achary ji sanh 1939 mean marishas laute. svadesh lautate hi unhoanne nishthapoorvak yuvakoan-yuvatiyoan ko hi nahian, balki sath-sattar sal ke bujurgoan ko bhi apane ghar mean hindi padhane ka vrat grahan kiya. is desh mean hindi padhane mean jo kathinaee hoti hai visheshakar shaharoan mean use door karane ke lie achary ji ne phraansisi vyakaran ke adhar par hindi vyakaran ki anek pustakean rachian. hindi ka prachar vistar roop se karane ki drishti se achary vishnudayal ne aranbh mean hi 300 hindi pathashalaean desh mean kholane ka pran thana.
marishas mean anek bharatiy bhashaean boli jati haian:- hindi, urdoo, tamil, telugu, gujarati aur marathi. pravas mean marishas ekamatr desh hai, jahaan marathi boli jati hai.
bharat ke bhinn-bhinn praantoan ki boli tatha poshak se marishas mean bharatiy sanskriti ki mahanata adhik badh gee hai. ab to aisa lagata hai jaise marishas roopi bagiche mean anek prakar ke bharatiy phool khile hoan. isi karan is dvip ko ‘‘sagar ke par laghu bharat’’ kaha jata hai.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
| kramaank | lekh ka nam | lekhak |
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