राजभाषा: कार्याचरण और सामासिक संस्कृति -डॉ. एन.एस. दक्षिणामूर्ति
| chitr:Icon-edit.gif | yah lekh svatantr lekhan shreni ka lekh hai. is lekh mean prayukt samagri, jaise ki tathy, aank de, vichar, chitr adi ka, sanpoorn uttaradayitv is lekh ke lekhak/lekhakoan ka hai bharatakosh ka nahian. |
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- lekhak- d aau. en.es. dakshinamoorti
svatantrata prapti ke paiantis varsh ke bad bhi desh ki rajabhasha vishayak samasya ko lekar vichar manthan k disha mean agrasar hone ki hamari pravritti abhi avashisht hi rah gee hai, yah koee prasannata aur santosh ka vishay nahian kaha ja sakata. koee takapoorn shaili mean yah nahian kaha kah sakata ki ek b de desh ke lie paiantis varsh ka samay nagany haian, kuchh nahian hai. parantu yah bat bhi saty hai ki itane samay ki manaviy shakti tatha rashtriy dhan nirarthak bhi nahian hona chahie. svarajy ya svatantray ka prayojan janarajy ya lokatantr hai to sarakar ka kamakaj bhi janabhasha mean hona chahie, yah sarvatha tarkasangat hai. mahatma gaandhi ji ki yah ukti yahaan smaraniy hai- ‘agar hamare desh ka svarajy aangrezi bolane vale bharatiy ka aur unhian ke lie hona vala hai, to niahsandeh aangrezi hi rajabhasha hogi, lekin agar hamare desh ke karo doan bhookhoan marane valoan, karo doan nirakshar bahanoan aur dalit janoan ka hai aur in sab ke lie hone vala hai to hamare desh mean hindi ka ekamatr rajabhasha ho sakati hai.’ desh ki rajabhasha ke sanbandh mean ganbhiratapoorvak vichar kar hamare sanvidhan nirmataoan ne bharatiy sanvidhan mean anek upabandh kie haian. in upabandhoan ka sahi karyacharan karane se hamare vaanchhit uddeshy ki poorti ho sakati hai. bharatiy sanvidhan ke anusar uparyukt vishayak jo anek upabandh hai, unako sar roop mean is prakar bataya ja sakata hai.
- sangh ki rajabhasha, rashtrapati ke adesh, rajabhasha ayog, rajabhasha adhiniyam tatha rajyoan ki rajabhashaean.
- sansad mean prayog hone vali bhasha
- kanoon banane ke lie tatha uchchatam aur uchch nyayalayoan adi ki bhasha.
prastut vishay ke pratipadan ke lie uparyukt batoan ka kianchit vivaran bhi apekshit hota hai.
sangh ki rajabhasha
anuchchhed 343 mean sangh ki rajabhasha ke sanbandh mean jo kaha gaya hai, usaka sar yah hai ki sangh ki rajabhasha hindi aur lipi devanagari hogi. sanvidhan ke praranbh se pandrah varsh ke lie sab rajakiy prayojanoan ke lie aangreji ke prayog ke vishay mean us anuchchhed ke khand 2 mean tatha us kalavadhi ke pashchath aangreji bhasha ke prayog aur aankoan ke devanagari roop ke prayog ke vishay mean usi anuchchhed ke khand 3 mean bataya gaya hai. khand 1 mean hi rajabhasha ke sanbandh mean batane ke sath sath bharatiy aankoan ke aantarashtriy roop ke prayog ke bare mean bhi bataya gaya hai.
uparyukt anuchchhed 343 ke khand 2 ke adhin rashtrapati ka ek adesh 1952 mean jari kiya gaya, jisamean rajyoan ke rajyapaloan, uchchatam nyayalay ke nyayadhishoan tatha uchch nyayalayoan ke nyayadhishoan ke niyukti adhipatroan ke lie aangreji bhasha ke atirikt devanagari ke aankoan ke prayog ko pradhikrit kiya gaya evan 1955 mean jari kie ge rashtrapati ke ek aur adesh ke anusar sangh ke nimnaankit rajakiy prayojanoan ke lie aangreji ke atirikt hindi bhasha ke prayog ko pradhikrit kiya gaya -
- janata ke sath patr vyavahar
- prashasanik riport, sarakari patrikaean aur sansad mean prayukt ki jane vali riport
- sarakari sankalp aur vidhayi adhiniyam
- jin rajy sarakaroan ne hiandi ko apani rajabhasha ke roop mean apana liya hai unake sath patr-vyavahar
- sandhiyaan aur karar
- any deshoan ki sarakaroan aur unake dootoan aur aantarashtriy sangathanoan ke sath patr vyavahar
- rajaniyik tatha kauansali adhikariyoan aur aantarashtriy sangathanoan mean bharat ke pratinidhiyoan ko jari kie jane vale auracharik kagaj patr.
sangh ki rajabhasha hindi ke vikas ke lie anuchded 351 mean jo nirdesh diya gaya hai, vah is prakar hai - “hindi bhasha ki prasar, vriddhi karana, usaka vikas karana taki vah bharat ki samasik sanskritik ke sab tatvoan ki abhivyakti ka madhyam ho sake tatha usaki atmiyata mean hastakshep kie bina hindustani aur ashtam anusoochi mean (ashtam anusoochi mean ullikhit bhashaean haian- telugu, panjabi, bangala, marathi, asamiya, u diya, urdoo, kann d, kashmiri, gujarati, tamil, malayalam, sanskrit, aur hindi)” ullikhit any bharatiy bhashaoan ke roop mean shaili aur padavali ko atmasat karate hue jahaan avashyak ya vaanchhit ho vahaan usake shabd bhandar ke lie mukhyatah sanskrit se tatha gaunatah any bhashaoan se shabd grahan karate hue usaki samriddhi sunishchit karana sangh ka kartavy hoga. hindi bhasha ke uttarottar adhik prayog ke lie aangreji bhasha ke prayog par nirbadharoan ke liesanchar ki bhasha ke sanbandh mean nirnay karane ke lie tatha sangh ke rajakiy prayojanoan mean se sab ya kisi ke lie anuchchhed 344 mean ek ayog gathit karane tatha tadanusar adesh jari karane ka adhikar ‘rajabhasha ayog ’ hai. usake tis sadasyoan mean bis sadasy lokasabha ke tatha das sadasy rajyasabha ke sadasyoan dvara anupati pratinidhitv paddhati ke anusar ekal sankramaniy mat dvara nirvachit hue. ukt ayog ki sipharishoan ke anusar rashtrapati ne 1960 mean ek adesh jari kiya, jisamean nimnaankit mahatvapoorn batean haian
- vaijnanik tak takaniki shabdavali kenirman ke lie shiksha mantralay ko ek sthayi ayog sthapit karana chahie.
- shiksha mantralay saanvidhik niyamoan, viniyamoan aur adeshoan ke atirikt sabhi mainyualoan tatha kary vidhi sahity ka anuvad apane hath mean le le aur bhasha mean ek roopapata sunishchit karane ki avashyakata ki drishti se yah kam keval ek hi abhikaran ko sauanpa jae.
- ek manak vidhi shabdakosh banane, hindi mean vidhi ke punah adhiniyam aur vidhi shabdavali ke nirman ke lie vibhinn rashtriy bhashaoan ka pratinidhitv karane vale kanoon ke visheshajnoan ka ek sthayi ayog sthapit kiya jae.
- tritiy shreni ke niche ke karmachariyoan, audyogik sansthaoan ke karmachariyoan aur kary prabharit karmachariyoan ko chho dakar un sabhi keandriy sarakari karmachariyoan ke lie hindi ka sevakalin prashikshan anivary kar diya jae jinaki ayu dinaank 1-1-61 ko 45 varsh se kam ho. grih mantralay tankanoan aur ashulipikoan ko hindi tankan tatha ashulekhan ka prashikshan dene ke lie bhi prabandh karean.
rashtrapati ke uparyukt adesh ke tatha rajabhasha adhiniyam, 1963 jo 1967 mean sanshodhit hua aur rajabhasha niyam, 1976 ke anusar hindi ko sangh ki rajabhasha ke asan par poornaroopen asin karane ka prayatn kiya ja raha hai yadyapi is prayatn ke sabhi aang saman roop se prabhavashil aur phalakari siddh nahian hue haian. tamilanadu jaise ahindi rajy mean hindi virodhi aandolan hone se tatha sansad mean ahindi bhashi sadasyoan dvara agrah hone se pandrah varsh ki kalavadhi ke lie aangreji ko sangh ki rajabhasha ke roop mean pahale jo svikar kiya gaya tha, vah 1965 ke bad bhi jari rakhakar kalavadhi ki bat hi hata di gee arthat anishchit kal ke lie sangh ki rajabhasha vala prashn vaisa hi chho d diya gaya, isalie yah nishchit nahian hai ki hindi poorn roop se sangh ki rajabhasha ke roop mean saharajabhasha ke roop mean nahian ekamatr rajabhasha ke roop mean kab pratishthit hogi. sanvidhan nirmataoan ne bahut soch samajhakar sanvidhan ke lagoo hone se pandrah varsh ki kalavadhi tak aangreji ke prayog ko svikar karana koee shubhakar bat nahian kahi ja sakati. jis prakar sanvidhan nirmataoan ne praranbh mean kalavadhi nishchit ki thi usi prakar ahindi bhashabhashiyoan ko is sanbandh mean ashvasan kalavadhi nishchit karake diya ja sakata tha. vaanchhit hone par kalavadhi bad mean badhaee ja sakati thi, jaisa ki any mamaloan mean kiya gaya hai. yah sarvatha saty hai ki sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 344 ke khand 2 mean rajabhasha ayog dvara lok sevaoan ke bare mean ahindi bhashabhashi kshetroan ke logoan ke nyayapoorn davoan aur hitoan ki samyak raksha ki bat kahi gee hai. sanpoorn desh ke hit ke vichar se, rajabhasha ke nishchay ke vichar se anishchit kal ki sanjna bhramakarak siddh hoti hai. is karan nee bhasha sikhane valoan ke man mean ek prakar ka dhilapan aur tatasthy bhav utpann ho jata hai tatha us bhasha ke logoan ke man mean bhi vichitr bhavoan ki shabalata drishtigochar hone lagati hai. aj din to ham ye sab dekh rahe haian. yah manate hue bhi ki hindi ke vikas ke lie anek yojanaean karyanvit ho rahi haian, sarakari karyolayoan mean usaki badhottari ke prayant ho rahe haian, tatha desh ke neta aur ganyaman vyakti usake sanbandh mean apane vichar vyakt kar rahe haian. yah bhi manana p dega ki svatantrata prapti ke poorv hindi ke prati jo nishtha thi, hindi ke prati jo prem tha, ahindi pradeshoan mean hindi sikhane ke lie jo adamy utsah tha aur hindi ka karyakram ek rashtriy karyakram samajhakar usamean pravrit hone ki jo manobhavana thi, vah aj nahian hai. svatantrata prapti ke poorv jaise kuchh log kahate the ki hamare samay mean desh ajad nahian hoga, vaise hi aj kuchh log, gee hindi premi sevak yah batate haian ki hamare jivanakal mean hindi rajabhasha ke asan parapoorn roop se pratishthit nahian hogi aur yah bhi nahian kaha ja sakata ki pratishthit hogi bhi ya nahian. yah nairashy kaapasvar nahian hai, balki vastusthiti ka avalokan hai. tapya se sab kuchh milata sakata hai, bhasha bhi ek tapasya hai, usake lie kathor tapasya karani p degi, rajabhasha hindi ke lie ki jane vali hamari tapasya vyarth nahian hogi, yah bhavana bhi kee logoan ke man mean hai. jahaan tak rajabhasha ka saval hai, yah kaha ja sakata hai ki ham log sandhikal mean haian. astu, sarakar ke dvara karyanvit kie ja rahe karyakramoan ke sanbandh mean vichar karane ke pahale rajabhasha adhiniyam ke sanbandh mean tatha akhil bharatiy rajabhasha sammelan mean aangikrit kuchh mahatvapoorn batoan ke vishay mean vichar karean.
rajabhasha adhiniyam
rajabhasha (sanshodhan) adhiniyam, 1967 tatha rajabhasha niyam, 1976 ke anusar hindi ke rajabhasha patr nirvahan ki sthiti ka parichay yatkianchith roop mean mil jata hai. rajabhasha adhiniyam ki dhara (1) mean rajyoan ki bich patradi ki bhasha ke sanbandh mean batate hue aangrezi ki sthiti ka jahaan spasht kar diya gaya hai, vahaan yah bhi bataya gaya hai ki is upadhara ki kisi bhi bat ka yah arth nahian lagaya jaega ki vah kisi aise rajy ko? jisane hindi ko apani rajabhasha ke roop mean nahian apanaya hai, sangh ke sath ya kisi aise rajy ke sath jisane hindi ko apani rajabhasha ke roop mean apanaya hai, ya kisi any rajy ke sath, usaki sahamati se patradi ke prayojanoan ke lie hindi ko prayog mean lane se nivarit karati hai aur aise kisi mamale mean us rajy ke sath patradi ke prayojanoan ke lie aangreji bhasha ko prayog badhyakar n hoga. hindi ko usake lie sarvatha upayukt sthan dene ki drishti se yah upabandh mahatvapoorn hote hue bhi yah nahian ka ja sakata ki ahindi rajy isaka samuchit upayog kar rahe haian ya nikat bhavishy mean kareange. ukt sthiti mean pahuanchane ke lie ahindi rajyoan ko aur bhi manasik taiyari karani p dati hai. haan, svaichchhik hindi sansthaoan se is dasha mean yathochit sahayog prapt kiya ja sakata hai. hindi aur aangreji donoan bhashaoan ka prayog kin kin sandarbhaean mean karana chahie, isake sanbandh mean upadhara (3) mean bataya gaya haian -
- sankalpoan, sadharan adeshoan, niyamoan, adhisoochanaoan, prashasanik ya any prativedanoan ya pres vijnaptiyoan ke lie, jo kendriy sarakar dvara ya usake mantralay, vibhag ya karyalay dvara ya kanpani dvara ya aise nigam ya kanpani ke kisi karyalay dvara nikale jate haian ya kie jate haian
- sansad ke kisi sadan ya sadanoan ke samaksh rakhe ge prashasanik tatha any prativedanoan aur rajakiy kagaj patroan ke lie evan
- keandriy sarakar ya usake kisi mantralay, vibhag ya karyalay dvara ya kisi or se ya keandriy sarakar ke svamitv mean ke ya niyantran mean ke kisi niyam ya kampani dvara ya aise nigam ya ya kanpani ke kisi karyalay dvara nishpadit sanvidaoan aur kararoan ke lie tatha nikali gee anujnaptiyoan, anujnapatroan, soochanaoan aur nivida praroopoan ke lie. rajabhasha niyam, 1976 ke upaniyam 6 mean bhi yah spasht kar diya gaya hai ki ‘adhiniyam ki dhara 3 ki upadhara (3) mean nirdisht sabhi dastavejoan ke lie hindi aur aangreji donoan hi prayog mean laee jayegi aur aise dastavejoan par hastakshar karane vale vyaktiyoan ka yah dayitv hoga ki ve yah sunishchit kar lean ki aise dastavej hindi aur aangreji donoan hi mean taiyar kie jatean haian, nishpadit kie jate haian ya jari kie jate haian. rajabhasha niyam 7 aur 8 ki or bhi dhyan dene ki avashyakata hai, jisamean avedan, aiyavedan adi prastut karane tatha tippani adi likhe jane ke sanbandh mean bataya gaya he. niyam 7 ke tin upaniyam yoan haian -
- karmachari koee avedan, apil ya abhyavedan hindi ya aangreji mean kar sakata hai
- koee avedan, apil ya abhyavedan jab bhi hindi mean kiya jae ya usamean hindi mean hastakshar kie jaean to usaka uttar hindi mean diya jaega
- jab koee karmachari ya baanchha karata hai ki seva vishayoan mean (jisamean anushasanik karyavahiyaan sammilit haian) sanbandhit koee adesh ya soochana jisaka karmachari par tamil kiya jana apekshit hai, yathasthiti, hindi ya aangreji mean honi chahie to sah use bina kisi anuchit vilamb ke usi bhasha mean di jaegi. tippani adi ke lekhan mean hindi ke prayog ke vishay mean niyam 8 mean nirdisht kiya gaya hai, yatha
- karmachari kisi phail par tippani ya karyavritt hindi ya aangreji mean likh sakata hai ya aur usase yah apeksha nahian ki jaegi ki vah usaka anuvad doosari bhasha mean bhi prastut karean.
- keandriy sarakar ka karmachari, jise hindi ka karyasadhak jnan prapt hai, kisi hindi dastavej ke aangreji anuanvad ki maang tab ke sivay nahian kar sakata, jab dastavej vidhiy ya takaniki prakriti ka ho
- yadi aisa koee prashn uthata hai ki amukh dastavej vidhik ya karyalay ke adhyaksh dvara kiya jaega
- keandriy sarakar adesh dvara aisa adhisoochit karyalay vinirdisht kar sakati hai jahaan tippani, praroopan aur aise any shasakiy prayojan ke lie jo adesh mean vinirdisht kie jaean, un karmachariyoan dvara jinhean hindi mean pravinata prapt hai, keval hindi ka prayog kiya jaega. yah dvibhasha prayog ki sthiti keandriy sarakar ke mantralayoan, karyalayoan adi mean kamakaj sanbandhi sahity-samragri par bhi vaisi hi hai. niyam 11 mean nirdisht kiya gayahai ki
- keandriy sarakar ke karyalayoan mean sanbandhit sabhi mainyual, sanhitaean aur any prakriya sanbandhi sahity, hindi aur aangreji donoan mean dvibhashik roop mean, yathasthiti, mudrit kiya jaega, saiklostail kiya jaega aur prakashit kiya jaega.
- keandriy sarakar ke kisi karyalay mean prayog ke lie likh ge mudrit ya utkirn sabhi namapatt, soochanapatt patr shirsh aur liphaphoan par utkirn lekh tatha steshanari ki any madean hindi aur aangreji mean hogi. parantu kendri sarakar, yadi vah aisa karana avashyak samajhati hai to sadharan ya vishesh adesh dvara keandriy sarakar ke kisi karyalay ko is niyam ke sabhi ya kinhi upabandhoan se chhoot de sakati hai.
uparyukt vivaran ke sath sath sanh 1968 mean sansad mean parit sankalp ke kuchh aanshoan par bhi dhyan dena upayogi siddh hoga. tadanusar hindi bhasha ki prasar vriddhi aur vikas ke lie adhik gahan aur vyapak karyakram taiyar karane tatha use karyanvit karane ki bat svikar kar di gee hai. kee karyakram sanpann bhi ho rahe haian. ashtam anusoochi mean ullikhit bharatiy bhashaoan ke desh ki shaikshinik tatha saanskritik unnati ki drishti se poorn vikas hetu vaanchhit samoohik upay kie jane evan tribhasha sootr ko karyanvit karane ki bat sankalp mean spasht kar di gee hai. yah vaky mahatvapoorn hai ki ‘hindi bhashi kshetroan mean, hindi tatha aangreji ke atirikt ek adhunik bharatiy bhasha ke roop mean dakshin bharat ki bhashaoan mean se kisi ek ko tarajih dete hue aur ahindi bhashi kshetroan mean pradeshik bhashaoan evan aangreji ke sath sath hindi ke adhyayan ke lie us sootr ke anusar prabandh kiya jana chahie. yah bat kisi se chhipi nahian hai ki saiddhaantik roop se yah vaky mahatvapoorn hote hue bhi vyavaharik roop se isakavah parinam nahian hua jo hona chahie tha. kee rajyoan ne tribhasha sootr ko thik prakar se karyanvit nahian kiya aur kuchh rajyoan ne to usako asvikar bhi kar diya. jin rajyoan ne usako svikar kiya, vahaan abhi kuchh bhraantiyaan huee. yah vichitr bat bhi dekhane mean aee samay ke bad rajyoan ne use svikar kiya, vahaan ki janata ne kuchh samay bat usaka virodh kiya athava yah kahie ki yah tark kiya jana katipay logoan ki drishti mean uchit pratit hua ki tribhasha sootr ke badale dvibhasha sootr hi kyoan n apanaean jaisa ki tamilanadu mean hindi virodhi andolan ke bad tribhasha sootr ko chho dakar dvibhasha sootr ko hi upayukt manakar svikar kiya gaya. sangh ki lok sevaoan ke vishay mean desh ke vibhinn bhagoan ke logoan ke nyayochit davoan aur hitoan ki poorn raksha karane ka sarakar dvara ashvasan tatha sansad mean parit sankalp ki nimnaankit batean bhi sarvatha uchit hai
- un sevaoan athava padoan ko chho dakar jinake lie ais kisi seva athava pad ke kartavyoan ke santoshajanak nishpadan ke hetu keval aangreji athava hindi donoan jaisi ki sthiti ho, ka uchch star ka jnan avashyak samajha jae, sangh sevaoan athava padoan ke lie bharti karane ke hetu ummidavaroan ke chayan ke samay hindi athava aangreji mean kisi ek ka jnan anivaryatah apekshit hoga aur
- parikshaoan ki bhavi yojana, prakriya sanbandh pahaluoan evan samay ke vishay mean sangh lok seva ayog ke vichar janane ke pashchath akhil bharatiy evan uchchatar keandriy sevaoan sanbandhi parikshaoan ke lie sanvidhan ki athavian anusoochi mean sammilit sabhi bhashoan tatha aangreji ko vaikalpik madhyam ke roop mean rakhane ki anumati hogi. parantu, vyavaharik drishti se is karan rajabhasha hindi ke prayog mean shaithily bhi svabhavatah a gaya hai. nee pidhi ke logoan ke man mean bhi (jahaan tak ahindi pradeshoan ka sandarbh hai) ek prakar ki anasakti ke chihn dikhaee p date haian. aise logoan ka kahana hai ki aangreji se jab kam chal sakata hai to hindi ki kya zaroorat hai? sangh ki rajabhasha hamare desh ki hi bhasha honi chahie, yah purana tark he, aangreji ko hi tadarth roop mean chaloo rakh sakate haian. aj din aangraji bhi to hamare desh ki hi bhasha hai, parayi nahian. shiksha ke kshetr mean tatha sarakar ki bhasha niti mean jab tak apekshit kuchh parivartan nahian hote tab tak aisi vicharadhara ko bhi rok nahian sakate.
vartaman paristhiti mean hindi, aangreji aur pradeshik bhashaean samanantar rekhaoan ke ek trikon ke saman haian. yatr tatr un rekhaoan ki lanbaee mean aantar bhi drishtigochar ho to koee ashchary nahian. sangh ki rajabhasha hindi aur aangreji ke vichar ke sath sath rajyoan ki rajabhashaoan ke vishay mean tho da savichar kar lena is karan upayukt hi hai.
rajyoan ki rajabhashaean
hamare sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 345, 346 aur 347 mean is sanbandh mean bataya gaya hai - ek rajy aur doosare rajy athava rajy aur sangh ke bich mean sanchar ke lie rajabhasha tatha rajy ke kisi janasamuday ki kisi bhasha ko manyata pradan karane ke sanbandh mean anuchchhed 346 aur 347 mean upabandh kie ge haian jab ki anuchchhed 345 mean yah bataya gaya hai ki anuchded 346 aur 347 ke upabandhoan ke adhin rahate hue, rajy ka vidhan mandal, vidhi dvara us rajy ke rajakiy prayojanoan mean se sab ya kisi ke lie prayog ke arth us rajy mean prayukt hone vali bhashaoan mean se kisi ek ya anek ko ya hindi ko aangikar kar sakega. parantu jab tak rajy ka vidhan mandal vidhi dvara isase anyath upabandhan karean tab tak rajy ke bhitar un rajakiy prayojana ke lie aangreji bhasha prayog ki jati rahegi jinake lie is sanvidhan ke praranbh se thik pahale prayog ki jati thi.
rajyoan ki rajabhashaoan ke asan par ab tak tath tath pradesh ki pradeshik bhashaean pratishthit ho jati or un bhashaoan ke dvara rajy ki sabhi kamakaj sabhi staroan par chalate to bhasha sanbandh kuchh samasyaean, jo aj dikhaee p d rahi hai, sanbhavatah apane ap hal ho jati. is bat ke lie ab santosh kar lena p dega ki dhire dhire pradeshik bhashaoan ko yathochit sthan dene ke vishay mean vichar ho raha hai. sangh lok seva ayog dvara sanchalit pariksha yojana mean sangh ki rajabhasha hindi tatha any bharatiy bhashaoan ka yathochit sthan aur samman dene ka prayatn kiya gaya hai, yah sarvatha shlaghaniy hai. tathapi ummidavaroan ki jo sankhya hai, usake tulanatmak parishilan se yah bat vidit ho jae ki bharatiy bhashaoan ki vartaman pragati sthiti koee akarshak nahian hai aur pratishat ki drishti se in bhashaoan mean pariksha likhane valoan ki sankhya atyalp hai. ham sudridh pragati ke chihan tab dekh sakate haian jabaki keandriy sarakar tatha rajy sarakarean shiksha kshetr mean tadarth roop mean vaanchhit prabandh aur upabandh karean.
sansad mean prayog hone vali bhasha
sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 120 (1) ke anusar sansad mean hindi tatha aangreji mean kary sampann kiya jaega. usake parantuk mean bataya gaya hai ki ‘rajyasabha ka sabhapati ya lokasabha ka adhyaksh ya aise roop mean kary karane vala vyakti kisi sadasy ko, jo hindi ya aangreji mean apani paryapt abhivyakti nahian kar sakata, apani matribhasha mean sadan ko sanbodhit karane ki anujna de sakega.’ usi anuchchhed ke khand (2) mean pandrah varsh ki kalavadhi ke pashchath ya aangreji mean ye shabd lupt karane ki jo bat thi, vah to rajabhasha adhiniyam, 1963 ki dhara 3 ke adhin 26 janavari 1965 ke bad lupt bhi n karane ki sthiti mean rah gee. arthat aangreji ka prayog poorvavath jari hai. doosare shabdoan mean aangreji ki dhak vaise hi jami huee hai. is sandarbh mean shri shankar dayal sianh ki in panktiyoan ka uddhrit karana samichin hoga - ‘sanvidhan dvara svikrit 15 bhashoan mean bhi sansad mean bolane ka adhikar kisi bhi sadasy ko hai aur usake bhashan ke hindi tatha aangraji mean anuvad ki vyavastha bhi sath-sath ‘iyaraphon’ dvara upalabdh hai. is bhaanti sansad patan par kisi prakar ki koee riport, bil kagaj, tippani rakhi jaegi, to yah avashyak hai ki aangreji ke sath sath hindi mean bhi usaki pratiyaan rakhani hogi anyatha sansadiy karyasanhita ke pratikool mana jaega. amooman yahi hota hai. lekin yah sari ki sari batean ek shrriangar-sadhan matr athava aansoo poanchhane ke saman hai. siddhaant aur vyavahar mean vahi phark hota hai, jo kisi dehati mele-thele aur dilli mean vishal pragati maidan mean ayojit mele ki bich mean aantar hota hai.’ saraansh yah hai ki rajabhasha hindi tatha any bharatiy bhashaoan ke prati shuddh aur nishtha vaanchhit ya apekshit roop mean nahian hai.
kanoon banane ke lie tatha uchchatam aur uchch nyayalayoan adi ki bhasha
sanvidhan ke anuchchhen 348 (1) mean yah bataya gaya hai ki jab tak sansad vidhi dvara anyatha upabandh n karean tab tak uchchatak nyayalay aur uchch nyayalayoan ki karyavahiyaan aangreji mean hoan tatha adhiniyamoan niyamoan adeshoan, vidheyakoan adi ka pradhikrit path aangreji mean hoan. us anuchchhed ke khand (2) mean yah upabandh kiya gaya hai ki rashtrapati ki poorv sammati se kisi rajy ka rajyapal hindi ya any bhasha ka prayog uchch nyayalayoan mean karyavahiyoan ke lie pradhikrit kar sakega. usi anuchchhed ke khand (3) ke adhin kisi bhi rajy ka vidhan mandal rajyapal dvara prakhyapit adhyadesh ya kisi adesh, niyam, adhiniyam adi ke prayog ke lie aangraji se kisi any bhasha ka prayog vihit kar sakata hai aur us rajy ke rajapatr mean prakashit kiya jane vala tatsanbadhi aangreji anuvad hi usaka pradhikrit path mana jaega. lekin rajabhasha adhiniyam, 1963 ki dhara 6 ke anusar us rajy ka rajyapal pradhikar se, rajapatr mean prakashit hindi anuvad ko hindi bhasha mean usaka pradhikrit path mana jaega. usi adhiniyam ki dhara 7 ke anusar uchch nyayalayoan ke nirnayoan adi mean hindi ya any rajabhasha ke vaikalpik prayog ko, aangreji anuvad ke sath svikar kiya gaya hai.
acharan paksh
uparyukt upabandhoan ke atirikt kapitay sarakari sankalp bhi aise haian jinase sarakar ki bhasha sanbandhi niti ka spashtikaran hota hai. har bat mean siddhaant paksh aur acharan paksh ye do paksh hote haian. sarakar ke jo upabandh aur sankalp haian, ve yadi siddhaant paksh ke aantargat to unaka karyanvayan avaran paksh ke aantargat hai. kedriy sarakar ne vividh karyakramoan ke anushthan ke dvara siddhaant paksh ko acharit karane ka sahi marg apanaya hai. rajabhasha hindi ke vikas aur prachar prasar vriddhi ke lie usane pratham bar akhil bharatiy star par sanh 1978 mean rajabhasha sammelan ayojit kiya tha. sarakari kamakaj tatha sarakari upakramoan mean hi nahian, lok sevaoan aur vidhi ke kshetr mean bharatiy bhashaoan ke prayog ke sanbandh mean ukt sammelan mean ki gee sipharishoan ko kary roop dene ki sarakar ki pravritti harshadayak hai. sarakar ne anek staroan par bhinn bhinn salahakar samitiyoan tatha karyanvayan samitiyoan ka gathan kiya hai aur rajabhasha hindi ke pragami prayog ke lie vah prayatnashil hai. usane yaantrik suvidhaean jesai taiparaitar, telipriantar kanmpyootar adi upalabdh karane ke lie kadam uthae haian. hal hi mean pilani ke bi dala ianstityoot aॅph teknolaji eand saians ke vaijnanik ne ‘siddharth dev sanganak’ nam se devanagari kampyootar taiyar kiya hai. hindi prashikshan sanbandhi kee yojanaaian bhi sarakar karyanvit kar rahi hai aur puraskar adi se karmachariyoan ko protsahan bhi diya ja raha hai. keandriy grih mantralay ke aantargat rajabhasha vibhag tatha anuvad byooro ke dvara vishesh pragati ke lakshan dikhaee p d rahe haian. svaichchhik hindi sansthaoan ko, ahindi pradeshoan ke hindi lekhakoan ko kramashah anudan tatha puraskar adi dekar yathochit protsahan diya ja raha hai. yah dhyan dene ki bat hai ki svaichchhik hindi sansthaoan mean sadhan simit hote hue bhi vishesh gati se kary sanpann hote haian. sarakar ki kuchh yojanaean unake dvara jaldi poorn ho sakati haian. aandhr, maharashtr jaise rajyoan mean hindi akadami ki sansthapana se hindi ke prachar-prasar mean gatishilata aee haian. any ahindi rajyoan mean bhi hindi akadami ki sthapana honi chahie.
rajabhasha hindi ke pragami prayog ke lie jahaan bahay sadhan suvidhaean vaanchhit haian, vahaan yah bhi avashyak hai ki aantarik arthath manasik sansiddhi ka uchit marg bhi prapt kar liya jae. isake lie sab prakar ke sandehoan aur bhramoan ka nivaran hona chahie. hindi ke rajabhasha pad par poornaroopen pratishthit ho jane se hindi n janane valoan arthat ahindi bhashabhashiyoan ko vishesh roop se kathinaiyoan ka samana karana p dega tatha sarakar ki sevaoan mean unako samuchit pratinidhitv nahian milega, yah sandeh kee logoan ke man mean hai. yah svabhavik bhi hai. is prakar ke sandehoan ko nivritti ke lie avashyak hai ki lokasabha, vidhanasabha ke lie jis prakar sadasyoan ki sankhya rajyoan ke anuroop nirdharit ki gee hai aur pratyek rajy ka pratinidhitv ho raha hai, usi prakar sarakar ko sevaoan ke lie ummidavaroan ko chunate samay pratyek rajy ko tadanuroop pratinidhitv diya jae aur tatsanbandhi niyam adi ka nirdharan kiya jae. isase pratyek rajy avashyavast ho sakata hai aur hindi ki pratishtha mean sabaka yogadan rajy ashvast ho sakata hai aur hindi ki pratishtha mean sabaka yogadan santoshajanak riti se prapt ho sakata hai.
hindi ka samasik sanskritik roop
bharatiy sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 351 ke anusar bharat ki samasik sanskriti ke sab tatvoan ki abhivyakti ka madhyam hindi ho. yah sach hai ki vigat tin dashakoan se hindi mean vidhi prakar ke sahity ka prakash n ho raha hai. samasik sanskriti ke vichar se kuchh achchhe sahity ka prakashan bhi hua. phir bhi yah kahana p dega ki vyavasthiti roop se athava nishchit yojana ke anuroop kary bhi bahut shesh haian. keandr tatha rajy ki sahity akadamiyoan, hindi sansthaoan adi dvara ab tak sanpann hue karyoan ko evan bhinn bhinn vyaktiyoan dvara kie ge karyoan ko dhyan mean rakhate hue yah bat kahi ja sakati hai ki hindi mean anuvad sahity ka prakashan bahut hua aur ho raha hai, tathapit santosh nahian hai. kee anuvad adhik akarshak ya pramanik bhi nahian kahe ja sakate. anuvadoan ke atirikt achchhe srijanatmak sahity ke nirman ki pravritti abhi vikasit honi chahie. tathakathit hindi lekhakoan ka dayitv hai ki vishal manobhavana apanakar bharat ki samasik sanskriti ki abhivyakti mean hindi ko aur bhi sashakt karean. ahindi pradesh ke hindi lekhakoan ko isamean vishesh ruchit ho sakati hai, isase hi kam siddh nahian ho jata. is ruchi ko yathochit roop mean manyata bhi prapat honi chahie. ahindi bhashi lekhakoan ke sahity ka prachar prasar uchit riti se samadar ke sath n ho, to samasik sanskritik ke sab tatvoan ki abhivyakti ke sudar marg bhi kese prashast ho sakate hean hindi ne ab tak any bhashaoan ke muhavaro, kahavatoan adi ko kam atsat kiya hai. is sandarbh mean yah kahana anuchit n hoga ki rajabhasha hindi ka svaroop samagr bharat ka svaroop hona chahie aur isalie keandriy rajabhasha hindi tatha rajyoan ki pradeshik hindi arthath hindi pradesh ki hindi mean yadi tho da bahut aantar ho, to anauchity nahian hai. vastav mean rajabhasha ya sanpark bhasha se sahityak bhasha ka svaroop (aur bolachal ki bhasha ka bhi) tho da bhinn hi hota hai. rajabhasha ya sanpark bhasha ka prayog karane vale pratyek vyakti ko to sahityakar nahian banana hai aur n sahityakar kahalana hai.
kabhi kabhi hamean yah sochane ke lie badhy hona p data hai ki hindi ke prachar prasar ki gati mean, jahaan tak ham ahindi rajyoan ki sthitiyoan par drishtipat kar rahe haian, avarodhan utpann hone ke karanoan mean se kuchh karan hindi ke pathan pathan sanbandh haian. hindi ka prachar dakshin mean jab se shuroo hua hai, tab se aj tak hindi ko hindi pradeshoan ki bhasha manakar hua hai, yadyapi yah bhi svikar kiya gayahai ki vah sangh ki rajabhasha hai. isalie hindi ke pathyakramoan mean yahaan ki avashyakata ko drishti mean rakhate hue bhi, purana vidhan hi apanaya gaya hai. aj bhi us vidhan mean vishesh parivartan nahian hua hai yah bat bhoolane ki nahian hai ki dakshin ke log athava ahindi pradesh ke log hindi ka adhyayan karate haian to is mukhy drishti se ki hindi hamari rajabhasha hai vah hamare rashtr ki ekata ka pratik hai aur vah is desh ke logoan ko ek sootr mean baandh sakati hai yah vah paraspar sanpark ke lie upadey hai. atah hindi ke pathan pathan mean yathochit parivartan hona chahie. rajabhasha ko samajhane aur bhali bhaanti usaka upayog karane ki kshamata use sikhane valoan mean honi chahie. vyavahar mean tatha sarakari kam kaj mean bhasha ke jis roop ka prayog hota hai, usaki prachar prasar vriddhi honi chahie aur shikshan mean usi ka mahatv hona chahie. is drishti se ahindi bhashabhashiyoan ko hindi sikhate samay diangal, brajabhasha aur avadhi ke kaviyoan ki or pravrit karana avashyakat hai. hindi saihaty mean ruchi rakhane vale vyakti chahe to sahityak rasasvad pane ke lie tathakathit kaviyoan ka adhyayan kare, to karean. lekin sab ke lie yah avashyak nahian hai. praranbhik jnan prapat karane valoan ke lie to avashyak hai hi nahian. uchch shiksha mean bhi paranpara ko banae rakhane ki drishti se tathakathit kaviyoan ki padhaee ko tho da bahut sthan diya ja sakata hai. vastutah pradeshik bhashaoan se anoodit hokar hindi mean jo sahity a raha hai, usaka sahi roop mean upayog hona chahie arthath karnatak mean hindi sikhane vale chhatroan ki tamil ya gujarati adi bhashaoan se hindi mean agat sahity padhaya jae, aandhr ke chhatr marathi, malayalam adi koee sahity padhe ityadi. isamean bhavatmak ekata ki vriddhi hogi aur ‘hindi ki samasik sanskriti’ - ye shabd sarthak hoangean. hindi pradesh ke shikshan mean bhi, rajabhasha hidi ke vichar se, aisa hi vidhan hona chahie. vishuddh hindi sahity ke adhyayan ke lie hindi pradesh mean paryapt avasar bhi diya jana chahie. ahindi rajyoan ke hindi lekhakoan ki kritiyoan ko, jo moolatah hindi mean hi likhi kee haian, pathyakram mean samadar ka sthan milana chahie. paraspar ko samajhane ke dvara hi hindi ki samasik sanskriti ka roop sthir ho sakata hai. vah din ana chahie jab lok yah kahean ki rajabhasha hindi ka roop uttar pradesh, ya madhy pradesh ya kisi doosare pradesh ki bhasha ka roop nahian he, par sanpoorn bharatiyoan ke achar vichar, riti niti aur sahity sanskritik ko abhivyakti pradan karane vali bhasha ka roop hai. tab sadhana se isaki siddhi durlabh nahian hai.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
| kramaank | lekh ka nam | lekhak |
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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