भारतीय व्यक्तित्व के संश्लेष की भाषा -डॉ. रघुवंश
| chitr:Icon-edit.gif | yah lekh svatantr lekhan shreni ka lekh hai. is lekh mean prayukt samagri, jaise ki tathy, aank de, vichar, chitr adi ka, sanpoorn uttaradayitv is lekh ke lekhak/lekhakoan ka hai bharatakosh ka nahian. |
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- lekhak- d aau. raghuvansh
bhasha ke prashn ko bhavukata aur bhavavesh ke star par uthan se usako sahi pariprekshy mean dekh pana sanbhav nahian hai jab ki desh ke svadhin hone ke bad ke pichhale dashakoan mean isi star par samasya ko ulajhaya gaya hai. rochak bat hai ki unnisavi shati ke bharatiy punarjagaran ke netaoan se lekar svadhinata sangharsh ke vibhinn charanoan ke netaoan tak ne bhasha ke prashn par vastupurak aur nirapeksh roop mean socha samajha. unake vicharoan se spasht hai ki unaki bhasha ki samajh aur pak d vyapak evan gahari hai. usaka karan hai ki unake samane poora desh, samaj aur usaki lanbi aur vyapak paranpara rahi hai. unake samane desh ki samajik, rajanitik aur arthik pragati vastavik arth mean tabhi sanbhav hai, jab kisi n kisi roop mean bharatiy samaj ek star par sanshlisht ho sake aur vah apane aise vyaktitv ko khoj sake. is vyaktitv aur usake sanshlesh ki bat ko bauddhik ke (pashchimi prabhav ke) ek varg ke log ek matr parikalpana kah kar havaee aur pratigami kahate rahe haian. usake sthan par bharat ki sammishrit sanskriti ki charcha karake aangrezi ke madhyam ki pakshadharata karate ae haian. sach to hai, yah varg bhasha ke prashn ko matr apane nihit svarth se jo data hai, aur is karan isako vyapak aur gahare sandarbhoan mean jo dane mean asamarth raha.
aj desh ki poori paristhiti ke sandarbh mean hi bhasha ke bare mean sahi drishti paee ja sakati hai. jin samajik, rajanitik tatvoan ko svadhin hone ke bad adhik sangathit aur shaktishali hane ka mauka mila hai, unhoanne desh ki sari arth vyavastha ko varg vishesh ke hit mean niyojit karane me saphalata pa li hai. shaktishali netavarg, kisi bhi dal ka ho, sarvadhik pooanji ko niyantrit karane vala pooanjipati varg aur uchchatam star par shasanatantr ko chalane vala adhikari varg, in tinoan mean anajan aisa samajhauta hai ki sari samajavadi parikalpanaoan aur ghoshanaoan tatha lok kalyanakari yojanaoan ke bavajood hamare desh, samaj, ke oopari satah par ye varg aur inake sath ju da hua samaj vastavik labh utha raha hai. oopari satah ka yah samaj apane lie sare sukh bhag ke sadhan juta raha hai aur desh brihattar samaj roji roti ke sangharsh me bhi dhire dhire pichhe hatata ja raha hai.
aangreji kootanitik medha ne rajanitik shasan aur adhik shoshan ke lie bharat mean aangreji bhasha ko mahatvapoorn madhyam svikar kiya tha. shasak varg ki shakti aur satta ko sthapit rakhane ke lie aangreji bhasha unhean jan samaj se alag karati thi. sath mean ane vale bharatiy ko manas aur pahachan mean apane hi samaj se alag karati thi. shasan aur satta ke prati bhay aur atank paida karane mean bhi sahayak rahi. sansar mean ubharate hue ne shakti santulan ke karan aangrajoan ko bharat chho dana p da, par desh ke vibhajan ke abhishap ke sath poore samaj mean alag manasikata rakhane vale aangreji janane vale varg ko apane shasan tantr ke sath chho da. shuru mean yah varg chakit evan vibhramit zaroor tha, par kramashah satta ki rajaniti aur pooanjivadi shakti ke sangathan ke sath ju dakar prabhavi banata gaya.
vibhinn vargoan se bane hue samaj ki yah oopari satah apane nihit svarth ki drishti se poore jan samaj ke sath n tadatmy sthapit karana chahati hai aur n batachit karana. isake lie suvidha ki bhasha aangreji hai. jnan, vijnan, pravidhi aur bahumukhi vikas ke nam par aangreji ki duhaee di jati hai aur is jagah sabhi pradeshoan ke is satah ke log ek ho ge haian. ek or chhiyasath karo d janata ke vikas ki bat ki jaegi doosari or jnan, vijnan aur pravidhi ko oopar se niche tak chhanate jane ka koee upay nahian hai. aur n oopar se niche, niche se oopar tak kisi prakar ka adan pradan sanbhav nahian he.
is satah ke in vargoan mean sankhya vistar hota chal raha hai. padhe likhe bauddhik varg ki ek vidanbana hai, vah bauddhik star par bhale hi paristhiti ke yatharth ko samajh sake aur karanoan ko vishleshit bhi kar sake, par usake man mean sukh suvidhaoan ka aisa akarshan rahata hai ki is vritt mean shamil hone ke lie lalayit raha hai. tab isaka istemal asan ho jata hai. ye sare log aur is satah ka samaj apani sthiti ko surakshit rakhane ke lie bhasha ke saval ulajhata rahata hai. isi samaj ne hindi banam bharatiy bhashaoan ka saval utha liya hai. is saval ko lekar dhuandh is prakar phailaee gee hai ki jaise hindi aur bharatiy bhashaoan ke alag paksh haian, unamean kahian virodh hai. jab ki sidha saval aangreji banam sabhi bharatiy bhashaoan ka hai. hindi bharatiy bhashaoan ke sath hi hai, alag nahian, oopar nahian. hindi aangreji ke sthan par nahian hai, yah spasht hai. kuchh ativadi log har jagah aur har yug mean hote haian, par unaki bat vyarth hai. yah to nitaant spasht hai aur sabhi mahatvapoorn vyaktiyoan ne spashtatah kaha hai ki har pradesh ke bhasha apane pradesh ke sanpoorn vyavahar aur abhivyakti ki bhasha hai.
parantu yah nishchit svarth ka varg samaj bar bar pradeshoan ki bhashaoan ke virodh mean hidi ko rakhata hai. sach to yah hai ki vah pradesh ki bhashaoan ko panapane nahian dena chahata. kyoanki in bhashaoan ke vyapak prayog ke vikas ke sath inaka astitv khatare mean hai. is prakar samany jan saman sahaj oopar a jaega. maje ki bat hai ki hindi ke virudv is samany jan samaj ko bh dakane vale log hi in bhashaoan ke prachchhann virodhi hai. doosari star par yah nara bhi diya jata hai ki sansar ke jnan vijnan ke aangreji ki anupasthiti mean kat jane ki sanbhavana hai. yahaan yah tark vikrit roop mean rakha jata hai, kyoanki aangreji hi kyoan, avashyakatanusar sansar ki sabhi unnat bhashaoan se jnan vijnan nirantar grahan kiya ja sakata hai. par is jnan vijnan pravidhi ke vyapak aur niche tak labh pahanuchane ke lie usake chhanane ki prakriya anivary hai, jo jan bhasha ke madhyam se bhi sanbhav hai.
satta ke prabhav ke madhyam se is tarah par sangathit hone vale varg apani sthiti banae rakhane evan adhik sudridh karate chalane ke lie sadharan jan samaj ko anek prakar se vibhramit karate rahate haian. yah barabar bhram paida kiya jata hai ki hindi aangreji ka sthan le rahi hai, jab ki aisa nahian hai. aangreji samast bharatiy bhashaoan ke sthan par pradeshoan me istemal mean ati a rahi hai. par hamari bhasha niti ke anusar samast pradeshoan ki apane bhashaean unake samast karyoan aur vyavahar ki bhashaean haangi. hindi ka upayog aantapradeshiy sanpark aur keandriy vyavahar ke lie mana gaya hai. is bhram ko door karane ke prayas ke samanaantar ek doosara bhram utpann kiya jata hai. aantapradeshiy sanpark aur keandriy vyavahar mean hindi ke prayog se hindi bhashi logoan ko vishesh suvidha hogi, par aangreji ke prayog saman suvidha ya asuvidha hogi.
yah tark paddhati aangreji ka pahale se prayog karate a rahe oopar satah ke vargo ki hai. is satah ke logoan ke pas paryapt paisa aur suvidhaean hai aur ve apane bachchoan ko aangreji apekshaya adhik sikha sakate haian. ve bhali bhaanti janate haian ki samany logoan ke lie apane bachchoan ko achchhe star par shikshit karana hi kathin hai, aangreji sikha pana to asanbhav hai. brihattar jan samaj ko sadharan haisiyat mean rakhane aur aur kabhi ubar n pane ke eil aangreji ka inako b da sahara hai. yah sthiti ve har pradesh mean banae rakhana chahate haian. usaka ek sakshy hai ki in pradeshoan mean unaki bhashaoan ka prayog age nahian badhane diya ja raha hai ya bahut manthar gati se badh raha hai. pradeshoan mean apani bhashaoan ke prayog ke vistar ki bat ko mahatv nahian diya jata. yah ‘prabuddh varg’ bhalibhaanti janata hai ki is chakr pravartan ke bad n aangreji rok pana sanbhav hoga aur n apani sthiti surakshit rakh pana sanbhav hoga. yah ve bhalibhaanti janate haian ki ek bar bharat mean janasamaj ke sath kh de ho jane par is desh mean jis bhag vilas ke jivan ke ve abhyasi hote ge haian, vah kisi prakar sanbhav n hoga.
agar yah man bhi liya jae ki hindi ke vyavahar mean hindi kshetr ke logoan ko suvidha hai, to yah bahut asan hai ki keandriy star ki pratiyogitaoan mean athava chayan mean bhasha ka vyavaharik jnan matr avashyak mana jae. yogyata ka prakan any kshetroan ke jnan ke adhar par liya jae, jisaka madhyam apani apani bhashaean ho. yah keval prastav matr nahian hai, lok seva ayog ne ise vyavahar mean lana shuru kiya hai. isake atirikt samanyatah har desh ke chayan mean samanupatik dhyan bhi rakha ja sakata hai. keandriy sevaoan ke lie (any sabhi jagah) jnan ki yogyata ki apeksha karyakushalata adhik apekshit hai, atah kianchit aantar se koee phark nahian p dane vala hai. phir anusoochit athava pariganit jati ke adhar par jab bhari chhoot dekar chayan karane se kam chalata hai, tab yatkianchit pradeshik aantar se ab phark p dega. jabaki pichhale aank doan ko dekhane se yah spasht ho jata hai ki koee b da aantar nahi hai.
yahaan prasang ke anusar ek bat aur spasht karani hai. sarakari naukariyoan se kahian adhik oopari satah ke ullikhit vargo ne vyaktigat kshetr (vyapar, udyog aur utpadan) mean apana aangreji ka jal bichha rakha hai. b de b de gharanoan tatha udyogapatiyoan ne samajh liya hai ki mahattar samaj ke dabav se bachane ka saral tarika hai aangreji ke madhyam se usase alag raha jae aur use paristhit se aparichit rakha jae. yahaan vishleshan vivechan ka mauka nahian hai, par yah kaha ja sakata hai ki unhoanne milakar desh ki arth vyavastha ko is prakar ayojit aur vikasit kiya hai ki pashchimi sanpannata (yahaan ki drishti se bhog vilas) ka jivan bitane ke lie brihattar samaj se aparichit rahana hai ki aur unhean aparichit rakhana hai. anyatha chini japani tatha tamam any bhashaoan se jab tamam deshoan ka kam hi nahian, vikas ho raha hai, tab yahaan bhi bhashaoan ke sthan par aangreji ki pariharyata par bal dete rahane ki tarkahinata spasht hai. jnan vijnan pravidhi adi ke lie aangreji ka sahara lena alag bat hai ki aur kyoan nahian sansar ke tamam unnat deshoan ki bhashaoan se sidhe jnan pane ki vyavastha ki ja sakati hai.
apani mool bat ane ke lie lanbi bhoomika ki avashyakata thi, kyoanki agar dhuandh ko n kata jae to sidhi sahaj batean bhi vikrit ki ja sakati hai. satta aur adhikar ke lie bhasha ka upayog zaroor kiya gaya hai, par bhasha kisi bhi samaj ke jivan pravah se sanprikt hoti hai. vah apane samaj ki jivan paddhati hai, usaki ichchha akaankshaoan, bhavanaoan kalpanaoan, spashn adarsho aur shram prayatnoan ko vahan karati hai. sansar ka itihas sakshi hai ki jab kabhi deshi videshi satta ne jan saman ka daman kiya hai, us par atank ke adhar par shasan kiya hai, tab usane jan samaj ki bhasha ko aisa roop diya ki vah apane samaj se hi kat gee athava videshi bhasha ka upayog kiya.
bhasha apane sahaj roop mean apane samaj ko jo dati hai, dharan karati hai. vah apane samaj ke har prakar ke jivan star ko dharan karati he aur abhivyakt bhi karati he. isaka arth hai ki bhasha apane samaj ke vyaktitv se abhinn hai, usamean jo parivartan ghatit hote hai, bhasha ka ek star par unaka karan roop hai aur unhean abhivyakt bhi karati hai. samaj ka anubhav aur chitan bhasha roop hota hai, yah kahana ki koee samaj anubhav athava chiantan ke star par samriddh ko bahan ya abhivyakt karane ki kshamata hai. videshi bhasha ke madhyam se jnan prapt karane ka arth hai ki apane bhavi anubhav tatha chiantan se us jnan ko sanbaddh ya sanpann karana. is prakriya mean jnan ke sath samaj apani bhasha ko vikasit karata hai, usamean is prakar anubhav evan chiantan ke ne ayam jo data hai. parantu jab yah jnan videshi bhasha ke madhyam se vyakti ko apane samaj ki sanpati nahian ban pata aur n samaj ki bhasha use dharan kar pati hai. hamare desh mean aangreji janane vala samaj isi prakar brihattar samaj se vichchhinn hai aur aangreji sookshm star par shoshan ka sadhan ban gee hai.
jahaan tak hindi ka saval hai, jaisa kaha gaya hai vah aangreji ke saman vibhinn pradeshoan ki bharatiy bhashoan ki sthanapann nahian hai. har pradesh ki bhasha jivan aur vyavahar ke har star par prayog mean aegi, tabhi usake jan samaj ka poora vikas sanbhav hoga. aangraji ka pakshadhar samaj yahaan tark deta hai ki aangraji ke hat jane par apani bhashaoan mean apane ko abhivyakt karane vale pradesh ka ek doosare se aparichit aur door ho jaeange. yah duhari tark paddhati hai. ek or to kaha jata hai, hindi ka upayog agar aantapradeshik vyavahar aur kary ke lie karane bat ho to yah hindi ka arop hai aur hindi valoan ko atirikt labh hai. doosari or aangreji ke madhyam se har pradesh ka simit uchch varg brihattar samaj se alag katakar us par shasan karata hai, usako har pradesh ke lie barabar asuvidha suvidha se pratipadit kiya ja raha hai.
jahaan tak sarakari naukariyoan ka saval hai, usake bare mean oopar kaha ja chuka hai ki ek to pratiyogitaoan mean jnan tatha yogyata ki pariksha pradesh ki bhashoan mean ho tatha hindi ke vyavahar ke jnan ki jnanakari alag se, lok seva ayog ne aisa svikar bhi kiya hai. doosare chayan samupatik bhi ho sakata hai. parantu yahaan se maulik bat uthaee ja rahi hai. hindi any bhashaoan mean ek hai. samast bharatiy bhashaean ek star par bharatiy sanskriti ke dharavahik pravah se sanprikt rahi hai. ve use dharan karati aee hai. uttar, dakshin bharat ki bhashaoan ko bharopiy au dravi d parivaroan mean baanta gaya hai. par adhunik vichar se bhashaoan ka parivarik vibhajan mahatvapoorn nahian he. itihas ki paranpara aur saanskritik pravah mean jo samaj ek sath aur abhinn ho jate haian, unaki bhashaean adhik nikat aur samastariy hoti hai, bhale hi unake parivar alag hoan.
bharat mean dravi d jati aee, ary ae aur yahaan ki adi jatiyaan bhi rahi hai. kab kaun aya, kaun bahar ka hai aur kaun aandar ka, in savaloan ko chho dakar yahaan itana manakar vichar karana paryapt hai ki bharat mean kee jatiyaan apani vibhinn sanskritiyoan ke sath ju dati milati gee hai. unaki sanskritiyoan ne dharavahik roop se sanshlisht roop grahan kiya hai. dharaean milati takarati vyapak dhara ka roop grahan karati rahi he. yahi karan hai, uttar se dakshin, poorv se pashchim tak dharm, darshan, sadhana, sahity aur jivan ke moolyoan ki anek uttal tarangean banati, uthati, phailati, takarati aur aantarlin hoti rahi haian. sare bharat mean inake keandr aur pith phail rahe haian jinase unamean nirantar adan pradan ki prakriya chalati rahi hai.
bharatiy sanskriti ki ek visheshata ko rekhaankit karana avashyak hai. yahaan shisht paranpara mean abhivyakt hone vale har star ke moolyoan ko lok paranpara mean vyapt karane ki paddhati ko vikasit kiya gaya hai. jaisa kaha ja chuka hai bhasha samaj ki sanskriti se abhinn hoti hai. shisht athava sanskrit bhasha mean abhivyakt saanskritik moolyoan ko lok bhashaoan mean lok samaj ne grahan kiya hai. bharatiy vyapak samaj mean chhanakar niche tak aur utarakar oopar ane ki prakriya ke madhyam mean har yug ki lok bhashaean rahi hai. phir sare desh mean vichar tatha bhavadharaoan ko phailane ka kary kisi n kisi keandriy lok bhasha ne kiya hai. hindi ko yahi day ek hajar varsh se mila hai. bhaktoan, santoan sadhakoan aur upadeshakoan ne madhy desh ki is bhasha ke madhyam se se sare desh ko saanskritik star par jo da hai.
is roop mean hindi bharatiy vyaktitv ke sanshlesh ki bhasha hai. yah vyaktitv sabhi bharatiy bhashaoan mean abhivyakt hota haian anek vichar chiantadharaean, maly in bhashaoan mean pravahaman haian aur unamean nirantar kriya pratikriya chalati rahi haian. atah in bhashaoan mean inake vividh panksha, staroan, ayomoan aur chhayavarto ko vyakt karane vale shabd hai, jinamean unake pratyay nihit hai, kyoanki bharatiy star par in pratyayoan mean samaroopata hai. atah unake pratik vibhinn bhashaoan ke sanjna, kriya, visheshanh adi padoan mean saman roop se surakshit haian. saman parivar ki bhashaean ho athava bhinn parivar ki, par unamean saanskritik samaroopata ke yah pratyay roop shabd samanarthi haian. atah in bhashaoan mean ek doosare ki samajh aur nikatata kahian adhik hai. bhinn shabd ya pad se mool bhav athava vichar tak pahuanchane mean kathinaee nahian hai, keval paryay shabd ki janakari paryapt hai. jabaki ek hi parivar ki doosare sanskritik ki vahan karane vali bhasha se sahaj sanpreshan sanbhav nahian hai. yani aangreji, phreanch, bangala aur marathi ek parivar bhashaean haian. par aangreji athava phreanch bhasha se marathi ya bangala mean anuvad saral nahian hai jabaki aangreji se phreanch marathi se bangala mean karana kahian asan hai. usaka karan saanskritik sanprikti haian.
doosare star par keandriy bhasha (yani hindi) any pradeshoan tatha unaki bhashaoan se nikat hai. svabhavik hai, jo dharaoan ke utar chadhav vistar sankoch ka bhram chalata aya hai, usamean bich ka kshetr har tarah se plavit hua hai. usake karan usaki bhasha se sabaki saman nikatata rahi hai. saanskritik aandolan usake madhyam se adhik samman hua. idhar udhar oopar se niche chiantan vicharoan, moolyoan ke vistar dene ka aur jo dane ka kam is bhasha se liya jata raha hai. yah saiank doan varshoan ki bat hai, keval adhunik yug ki nahian. isilie hindi ko keandriy bhasha ke arth mean bharatiy vyaktitv ke sanshlesh ki bhasha mana ja sakata hai.
yah smaraniy hai ki isi hindi ka mooladhar bharatiy bhashaoan ki saanskritik mooly prakriya rahegi. bina in bhashaoan ke vikas ke hindi ko yah poora sanshlisht vyaktitv nahian mil sakata. jab sabhi pakshoan se bharatiy vyaktitv sanghatit hoga, tabhi usake sanshlisht roop ke samane ane ka saval hai. atah yah spasht hai ki usaki vibhinn bhashaean har kshetr aur star par abhivyakti ka samarthy grahan karean. tab poore bharat ko samunnat aur vikasit karane ke lie apekshit hai ki hindi keanndriy bhasha ke roop mean usake bahuayami vyaktitv ko sanslasht roop mean abhivyakti pradan karean aur jab vah is star par a sakegi tabhi aantarrashtriy dayitv nirvah karane layak hogi.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
| kramaank | lekh ka nam | lekhak |
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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