भारत की राजभाषा नीति और उसका कार्यान्वयन -देवेंद्रचरण मिश्र
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- lekhak- deveandracharan mishr
kisi bhi prajataantrik desh mean rajakaj ki bhasha usaki janata ki bhasha hoti hai. is vishal bharat mean 1652 bhashaean boli jati haian, jinamean se 15 bhashaoan ko sanvidhan mean rashtrabhasha ke roop mean manyata di gee hai. sangh sarakar ke rajakaj ke kary tatha keandr evan rajyoan ke bich sanpark bhasha ki bhoomika nibhane ka uttaradayitv hindi ko hi sauanpa gaya, kyoanki ise bharat desh ke adhikaansh log bolate aur samajhate haian tatha yah bharat ki dharmik, saanskritik aur rajanitik paranparaoan se ju di huee hai.
bharatiy sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 343 (1) ke anusar devanagari mean likhit hindi sangh ki rajabhasha hai, lekin 343 (2) ke aantargat yah bhi vyavastha ki gee hai ki sanvidhan ke lagoo hone ke samay se 15 varsh ki avadhi tak, arthath san 1965 tak sangh ke sabhi sarakari karyoan ke lie pahale ki bhaanti aangrezi bhasha ka prayog hota rahega. yah vyavastha isalie ki gee thi ki is bich hindi n janane vale hindi sikh jayeange aur hindi bhasha ko prashasanik karyoan ke lie sabhi prakar se saksham banaya ja sakega. uparyukt 15 varshoan ki avadhi mean bhi, arthath 1965 ke pahale bhi rashtrapati adesh dvara kisi kam ke lie aangrezi ke alava hindi ke prayog ki anumati de sakate the. anuchchhed 334 (3) mean sansad ko yah adhikar diya gaya ki vah 1965 ke bad bhi sarakari kamakaj mean aangrezi ka prayog jari rakhane ke bare mean vyavastha kar sakati hai. anuchchhed 344 mean yah kaha gaya ki sanvidhan praranbh hone ke 5 varshoan ke bad aur phir usake 10 varsh bad rashtrapati ek ayog banaeange, jo any batoan ke sath sath sangh ke sarakari kamakaj mean hindi bhasha ke uttarottar prayog ke bare mean aur sangh ke rajakiy prayojanoan mean se sab ya kisi ke lie aangrezi bhasha ke prayog par rok lagae jane ke bare mean rashtrapati ko sipharish karega. ayog ki sipharishoan par vichar karane ke lie is anuchchhed ke khand 4 ke anusar 30 sansad sadasyoan ki ek samiti ke gathan ki bhi vyavastha ki gee.
1950 mean hindi ko sangh ki rajabhasha ghoshit kie jane par yah anubhav kiya gaya ki hindi ke madhyam se prakashan ka kary chalane ke lie kuchh praranbhik taiyariyoan ki avashyakata p degi, jaise- prashasanik, vaijnanik, takaniki evan vidhi-shabdavali ka nirman, prashasanik evan vidhi-sahity ka hindi mean anuvad, ahindi bhashi sarakari karmachariyoan ka hindi prashikshan aur hindi taiparaitaroan evan any sadhanoan ki vyavastha adi.
- shabdavali nirman
shabdavali nirman ke lie shiksha mantralay ne 1950 mean vaijnanik tatha takaniki bord ki sthapana ki. isake margadarshan mean shiksha mantralay ke hindi vibhag ne takaniki shabdavali ke nirman ka kary chaloo kiya. bad mean hindi vibhag ka vistar hote hote san 1960 mean keandriy hindi nideshalay ki sthapana huee. isake kuchh samay bad 1961 mean rashtrapati ke adeshanusar vaijnanik tatha takaniki shabdavali ayog ki bhi sthapana ki gee. nideshalay tatha ayog ne ab tak vijnan, manaviki, ayurvijnan, ianjiniyari, krishi tatha prashasan adi ke lagabhag 4 lakh aangrezi ke takaniki shabdoan ke hindi paryay prakashit kar die haian. isi prakar rajabhasha (vidhayi ayog) tatha rajabhasha khand ne vidhi shabdavali ka nirman kary lagabhag poora kar liya hai.
- prashasanik sahity ka anuvad
keandriy sarakar ke vibhinn mantralayoan/vibhagoan ke mainualoan, sanhitaoan, pharmoan adi ka anuvad kary pahale shiksha mantralay ke keandriy hindi nideshalay dvara kiya jata tha. bad mean march, 1971 mean yah kary grih mantralay ke adhin sthapit keandriy anuvad byooro ko sauanpa gaya. byooro ne nideshalay dvara anoodit sahity ke atirikt ab tak anek mainualoan/pharmoan/niportoan adi ka anuvad karake vibhinn mantralayoan ko upalabdh kara diya hai. is samay byooro mantralayoan/vibhagoan ke atirikt any sarakari karyalayoan/upakramoan adi ke mainualoan ka bhi anuvad kar raha hai. usi prakar vidhi mantralay ke rajabhasha khand ne bhi ab tak adhikaansh keandriy adhiniyamoan evan niyamoan adi ka hindi anuvad prastut kar diya hai aur yah kary nirantar chal raha hai.
- hindi shikshan yojana
keandriy sarakar ke hindi n janane vale sarakari karmachariyoan ke hindi shikshan ka kary shiksha mantralay ki dekharekh mean 1952 mean praranbh hua tha, kiantu bad mean lie ge nirnay ke anusar aktoobar, 1955 se yah kary grih mantralay ke tatvavadhan mean ho raha hai. praranbh mean yah prashikshan pathyakram un logoan ke lie tha, jo svechchha se hindi padhana chahate the. bad mean aprail, 1960 mean rashtrapati ke adesh ke adhin hindi ka seva kalin prashikshan un sabhi keandriy sarakari karmachariyoan ke lie anivary kar diya gaya jo 1.1.1961 ko 45 varsh ke nahian hue the. isi prakar tankakoan aur ashulipikoan ke lie bhi taipiang aur hindi ashulipi ka prashikshan anivary kar diya gaya. is samay desh bhar mean hindi, hindi taipiang tatha hindi ashulipi prashikshan ke lagabhag 150 keandr chal rahe haian.
uparyukt prayatnoan ke parinamasvaroop hindi ke vikas evan prasar mean achchhi pragati huee hai, kiantu jaisa ki pahale kaha ja chuka hai ki is pragati ka jayaja lene ke lie sanvidhan ki dhara 344 ke anusar 1955 mean ek rajabhasha ayog banaya gaya tha, jisane apani riport 1956 mean prastut ki. usaki sipharishoan par vichar karane ke lie 1957 mean ek sansadiy samiti banaee gee thi. in donoan ki ray yah thi ki 1965 ke bad bhi aangrezi ka prayog chalate rahana chahie, tadanusar 1963 mean rajabhasha adhiniyam banaya gaya, jisaka 1967 mean sanshodhan kiya gaya. isaki pramukh visheshataean niche di ja rahi haian-
- rajabhasha ke sanbandh mean saanvaidhanik vyavasthaean
- adhiniyam ki dhara 3 ke anusar (k) sangh ke un sabhi sarakari prayojanoan ke lie, jinake lie 26 janavari, 1965 se tatkal poorv aangrezi ka prayog kiya ja raha tha aur (kh) sansad mean kary nishpadan ke lie 26 janavari, 1965 ke bad bhi hindi ke atirikt aangrezi ka prayog jari rakha ja sakega.
- keandr sarakar aur hindi ko rajabhasha ke roop mean n apanane vale kisi rajy ke bich patrachar aangrezi mean hoga, basharte us rajy ne isake lie hindi ka prayog karana svikar n kiya ho. usi prakar, hindi bhashi rajyoan ki sarakarean aise rajyoan ki sarakaroan ke sath aangrezi mean patrachar kareangi aur yadi ve aise rajyoan ko koee patr hindi mean bhejati haian to sath sath usaka aangrezi anuvad bhi bhejeangi. parasparik samajhaute se yadi koee bhi do rajy apasi patrachar mean hindi ka prayog karean to isamean koee apatti nahian hogi.
- keandriy sarakar ke karyalayoan adi ke bich patr vyavahar ke lie hindi athava aangrezi ka prayog kiya ja sakata hai. lekin jab tak sanbandhit karyalayoan, adi ke karmachari hindi ka karyasadhak jnan prapt n kar lean, tab tak patradi ka doosari bhasha mean anuvad upalabdh karaya jata rahega.
- rajakaj adhiniyam ki dhara 3 (3) ke anusar nimnalikhit kagaj-patroan ke lie hindi aur aangrezi donoan ka prayog anivary hai-
- sankalp,
- samany adesh,
- niyam,
- adhisoochanaean,
- prashasanik tatha any riport,
- pres vijnaptiyaan,
- sansad ke kisi sadan ya sadanoan ke samaksh rakhi jane vali prashasanik tatha any riport evan
- sarakari kagaj-patr,
- sanvidaean,
- karar,
- sunajnaptiyaan,
- anujnapan,
- teandar notis aur
- teandar pharm.
- sankalp,
- dhara 3 (4) ke anusar adhiniyam ke adhin niyam banate samay yah sunishchit kar lena hoga ki yadi keandriy sarakar ka koee karmachari hindi ya aangrezi mean se kisi ek hi bhasha mean pravin ho, to apana sarakari kamakaj usi bhasha mean kar sakata hai aur keval is adhar par ki vah donoan bhashaoan mean pravin nahian hai, usaka koee ahit nahian hona chahie.
- rajabhasha (sanshodhan) adhiniyam, 1967 dvara adhiniyam ki dhara 3 (5) ke roop mean yah upabandh kiya gaya hai ki uparyukt vibhinn karyoan ke lie aangrezi ka prayog jari rakhane sanbandhi vyavastha tab tak jari rahegi, jab tak hindi ko rajabhasha ke roop mean n apanane vale sabhi rajyoan ke vidhan mandal aangrezi ka prayog khatm karane ke lie avashyak sankalp parit n karean aur in sankalpoan par vichar karane ke bad sansad ka pratyek sadan bhi isi ashay ka sankalp parit n kar de.
- adhiniyam ki dhara 7 ke anusar kisi rajy ka rajyapal rashtrapati ki poorv sammati se, us rajy ke uchch nyayalay dvara die athava parit kisi nirnay, dikri athava adesh ke lie, aangrezi bhasha ke alava, hindi athava rajy ki rajabhasha ka prayog pradhikrit kar sakata hai. tathapi yadi koee nirnay, dikri ya adesh aangrezi se bhinn kisi bhasha mean diya ya parit kiya jata hai to usake sath sath sanbandhit uchch nyayalay ke pradhikar se aangrezi bhasha mean usaka anuvad bhi kiya jayega. ab tak uttar pradesh, madhy pradesh, rajasthan aur bihar ke rajyapaloan ne apane uchch nyayalayoan mean uparyukt uddeshyoan ke lie rashtrapati se hindi ke prayog ki anumati li hai.
rajabhasha adhiniyam parit karane ke sath sath disambar 1967 mean sansad ke donoan sadanoan ne sarakar ki bhasha niti ke sanbandh mean ek sarakari sankalp bhi parit kiya. is sankalp ke paira-1 ke anusar keandriy sarakar hindi ke prasar tatha vikas aur sangh ke vibhinn sarakari prayojanoan ke lie, usake prayog mean tezilane ke lie ek adhik gahan aur vistrit karyakram taiyar karegi aur use karyanvit karegi. isake atirikt is sanbandh mean kiye ge upayoan tatha usamean huee pragati ka byaura dete hue ek varshik moolyaankan riport sansad ke donoan sadanoanke sabha patal par prastut karegi. sab 1968 se nirantar varshik karyakram banaya ja raha hai, jisamean keandriy sarakar ke mantralayoan/vibhagoan se anurodh kiya jata hai ki hindi ka prayog badhane ke lie, usake anusar karyavaee kare. ab tak is prakar ki 12 riport sansad mean prastut ki ja chuki haian aur 13vian riport mudranadhin hai
- rajabhasha niyam 1976
sarakari kamakaj mean hindi ka prayog badhane ke lie 1976 mean rajabhasha niyam banae ge. yah ek mahattvapoorn kadam tha, jisase hindi ke prayog mean kafi sahayata mili hai. is niyam ki mahattvapoorn vyavasthaean is prakar haian-
- keandr sarakar ke karyalayoan se 'k' kshetr ke kisi rajy/sangh rajy kshetr (uttar pradesh, madhy pradesh, rajasthan, hariyana, himachal pradesh rajy aur sangh rajy kshetr dilli) ko ya aise rajyoan mean sthit kisi any karyalay ya vyakti ko bheje jane vale patr adi hindi mean bheje jayeange. yadi kisi khas mamale mean aisa koee patr aangrezi mean bheja jata hai to usaka hindi anuvad bhi sath mean bheja jayega.
- keandr sarakar ke karyalayoan se 'kh' kshetr ke kisi rajy sangh rajy kshetr (panjab, gujarat aur maharashtr rajy tatha chandigadh aur aandaman nikobar dvip samooh sangh rajy kshetr) ke prashasanoan ko bheje jane vale patr adi samanyat: hindi mean bheje jayeange. yadi aisa koee patr aangrezi mean bheja jata hai to usaka hindi anuvad bhi sath bheja jayega. in rajyoan mean rahane vale kisi vyakti ko bheje jane vale patradi hindi ya aangrezi, kisi bhi bhasha mean ho sakate haian.
- keandriy sarakar ke karyalayoan mean 'g' kshetr ke kisi rajy ka sangh kshetr ('k' aur 'kh' kshetr mean shamil n hone vale sabhi rajy aur sangh rajy kshetr) ke kisi karyalay ya vyakti ko patradi aangrezi mean bheje jayeange. yadi aisa koee patr hindi mean bheja jata hai to usaka aangrezi anuvad bhi sath bheja jayega.
- keandriy sarakar ke ek mantralay ya vibhag aur doosare mantralay ya vibhag ke bich patr vyavahar hindi ya aangrezi mean ho sakata hai. kiantu keandr sarakar ke kisi mantralay/vibhag aur 'k' kshetr mean sthit sambaddh aur adhinasth karyalayoan ke bich hone vala patr vyavahar sarakar dvara nirdharit anupat mean hindi mean hoga. vartaman vyavastha ke anusar kam se kam do tihaee patr vyavahar hindi mean hona chahie. k' kshetr mean sthit keandr sarakar ke kinhian do karyalayoan ke bich sabhi patr vyavahar hindi mean hi kie jane ka pravadhan hai.
- hindi mean prapt patradi ke uttar anivary roop se hindi mean hi die jayeange. hindi mean likhe ya hindi mean hastakshar kiye ge avedanoan ya abhyavedanoan ke uttar bhi hindi mean die jayeange.
- rajabhasha adhiniyam, 1963 ki dhara 3 mean nirdisht sabhi dastavejoan ke lie hindi aur aangrezi, donoan bhashaoan ka prayog kiya jaega aur ise sunishchit karane ki jimmedari aise dastavejoan par hastakshar karane vale vyakti ki hogi.
- keandriy sarakar ka koee karmachari failoan mean hindi ya aangrezi mean tippani ya masaude likh sakata hai aur usase yah apeksha nahian ki jaegi ki vah usaka anuvad doosari bhasha mean bhi prastut kare.
- keandriy sarakar ke karyalayoan se sanbandhit sabhi mainual, sanhitaean aur any prakriya sahity hindi aur aangrezi, donoan mean dvibhashik roop mean taiyar aur prakashit kie jayeange. sabhi farmoan aur rajistaroan ke shirsh, napamatt, steshanari adi ki any madean bhi hindi aur aangrezi mean dvibhashik roop mean hoangi.
- jin karyalayoan ke 80 pratishat ya usase adhik karmachariyoan ko hindi ya kary sadhak jnan hai, unhean adhisoochit kiya jayega. is prakar adhisoochit karyalayoan ko vinirdisht karake unamean kam karane vale hindi mean pravin karmachariyoan ko notiang, draftiang adi mean keval hindi ka istemal karane ke lie kaha ja sakata hai.
- pratyek karyalay ke prashasanik pradhan ka yah dayitv hoga ki vah rajabhasha adhiniyam aur usake adhin bane niyamoan ka samuchit roop se anupalan sunishchit karean.
rajabhasha niti ke karyanvayan ki jimmedari bharat sarakar ke sabhi mantralayoan/vibhagoan par hai. is niti ke samanvay ka kary rajabhasha vibhag karata hai. yah vibhag samanvay ke lie varshik karyakramoan ko jari karane ke alava any kee samitiyoan ke madhyam se yah kary kar raha hai, jinaka vivaran is prakar hai-
- keandriy hindi samiti – hindi ke vikas aur prasar tatha sarakari kamakaj mean hindi ke adhikadhik prayog ke sanbandh mean bharat sarakar ke vibhinn mantralayoan/vibhagoan ke dvara karyanvit kie ja rahe karyakramoan ka samanvay karane aur niti sanbandhi disha-nirdesh dene vali yah sarvochch samiti hai. pradhanamantri ji ki adhyakshata mean gathit is samiti mean keandriy sarakar ke 11 mantri evan rajy mantri, rajyoan ke 8 mukhyamantri, 7 sansad sadasy tatha hindi ke 10 vishisht vidvanh shamil haian. rajabhasha vibhag ke sachiv evan bharat sarakar ke hindi salahakar isake sadasy sachiv haian.
- hindi salahakar samitiyaan – sarakar ka yah nirnay hai ki rajabhasha niti ka karyanvayan sunishchit karane aur is sanbandh mean avashyak salah dene ke lie janata ke sath adhik sanpark mean ane vale vibhinn mantralayoan/vibhagoan mean hindi salahakar samitiyaan gathit ki jaean. is nirnay ke anusar ab tak 27 mantralayoan mean unake mantriyoan ki adhyakshata mean hindi salahakar samitiyoan ka gathan kiya gaya hai. in samitiyoan mean sansad sadasyoan tatha hindi vidvanoan ke atirikt mantralay vishesh ke varishth adhikari shamil hote haian. ve apane-apane mantralay mean hindi ka prayog badhane ke sanbandh mean avashyak vichar-vimarsh karake nirnay lete haian.
- rajabhasha karyanvayan samitiyaan –
keandriy sarakar ke jin karyalayoan mean karmachariyoan ki sankhya (chaturth shreni karmachariyoan ko chho dakar) 25 ya isase adhik hai, vahaan rajabhasha karyanvayan samitiyaan banaee gee haian. 1976 mean lie ge ek nirnay ke anusar aise 58 nagaroan mean bhi, jahaan 10 ya inase adhik keandriy karyalay haian, nagar rajabhasha karyanvayan samitiyoan ka gathan kiya gaya hai. mantralayoan/vibhagoan ki rajabhasha karyanvayan samiti banaee gee hai, jo unaki samasyaoan par aantarik roop se vichar karake unaka samadhan dhooandhati hai.
rajabhasha ke prayog, prachar aur prasar mean yaantrik sadhanoan ka atyant mahattv hai. ab tak ye sadhan keval aangrezi ke lie hi upalabdh the, parantu rajabhasha vibhag ke satat prayas se is kshetr mean ashajanak prapti huee hai. kuchh varsh pahale devanagari ke taiparaitaroan ka utpadan maang ke anusar nahian tha. kiantu ab audyogik vikas vibhag, poorti tatha nipatan mahanideshalay evan taiparaitar banane vali kanpaniyoan ke pratinidhiyoan ke sahayog se devanagari taiparaitaroan ke utpadan mean pragati huee hai. is samay devanagari taiparaitaroan ka utpadan maang ke anusar hai.
kanpyootar mean devanagari lipi tatha bharatiy bhashaoan ke prayog ki suvidhaoan ke vikas ke sanbandh mean ilaiktraniki vibhag tatha ilaiktraniki ayog dvara vishesh kadam uthae ja rahe haian. ee. si. aee. el., birala ianstityoot pilani, tata bradars banbee ne aise kanpyootaroan ke prototaip banae haian, jinamean hindi ka prayog kiya ja sakega.
sanchar mantralay ke adhin ek sarakari upakram hindustan telipriantars limited dvara ilaiktraniki telipriantars banae jane ke lie avashyak kadam uthae ja rahe haian. ilaiktranik telipriantars ke devanagari kuanji patal ki dijain nishchit karane ke lie ek samiti ka gathan kiya ja chuka hai.
sabhi prakar ke ilaiktranik taiparaitaroan, patalekhi mashinoan aur pinapvaiant taiparaitaroan ke nirman ke lie bhi prayas kie ja rahe haian.
bharat sarakar ke aise presoan ki hindi mudran kshamata kuchh samay pahale tak santoshajanak nahian thi. avas tatha nirman mantralay ke sahayog se mudran nideshalay ne hindi mudran kshamata badhane ke lie vishesh prayas kie, jisase is disha mean kafi pragati huee hai. pahale hindi mudran kshamata keval 400 prishth pratidin thi, ab yah badhakar 1200 prishth pratidin tak pahuanch gee hai.
uparyukt vivaran se spasht hoga ki rajabhasha ke roop mean hindi ke pragami prayog mean paryapt vriddhi huee hai, kiantu ab bhi isake marg mean bahut si rookavatean haian. yadyapi ab tak paryapt sankhya mean saanvidhanik evan gair saanvidhanik sahity ka anuvad ho chuka hai, phir bhi abhi anek mainualoan, niyamoan, adhiniyamoan adi ka hindi anuvad nahian ho paya hai, aur sabhi anoodit sahity ka abhi tak n to prakashan ho paya hai aur n prachar hi. parinam svaroop unase sanbandhit kshetroan mean hindi ka prayog karane mean kathinaiyaan a rahi haian. jo sarakari karmachari hindi janate bhi haian, ve bhi dvibhashik roop mean kary karane ki chhoot hone ke karan hindi ke bajae aangrezi mean hi kam karana pasand karate haian. isaka karan yah hai ki ek to ve pahale se hi aangrezi mean kam karane ke abhyast rahe haian, doosare hindi mean kam karane mean ve kuchh hinata athava sankoch ka anubhav karate haian.
hindi bhashi rajy sarakarean bhi, jahaan par adhikaansh karmachari hindi janate haian, abhi tak sanpoorn kary hindi mean nahian kar rahi haian. isase any rajyoan mean hindi ka prayog karane par bahut pratikool prabhav p data hai.
yadyapi rajabhasha adhiniyam evan rajabhasha niyam ke anusar anek kagaj patroan evan prakashanoan ko dvibhashik roop mean athava hindi aur aangrezi mean alag alag jari karana p data hai, tathapi sarakari presoan ki hindi ki mudran kshamata abhi bhi santoshajanak nahian hai. isase n to hindi ke prakashan samay par nikal pate haian aur n hi samuchit matra mean hindi ka prayog badh pata hai. jin sarakari karmachariyoan ne hindi, hindi ashulipi athava hindi taipiang ki vibhinn parikshaean pas kar li haian, ve bhi hindi mean kam karane mean sankoch karate haian. rajabhasha niti ke karyanvayan ke lie abhi tak mantralayoan/vibhagoan, karyalayoan adi mean samuchit hindi stak ki vyavastha nahian ho paee hai. hindi mean kam karane ka abhi tak achchha vatavaran nahian ban paya hai aur pray: sabhi yah sochate haian ki unake bajae kisi aur ko hindi mean kam karana hai.
in kathinaiyoan ke bavajood, vividh prayasoan ke parinamasvaroop, hindi ka prayog din par din badh raha hai. bharat sarakar ke sabhi mantralayoan/vibhagoan, karyalayoan, upakramoan adi se barabar yah anurodh kiya ja raha hai ki varshik karyakramoan ko poora karane ka bharasak prayas karean. hindi mean sarvadhik kam karane vale mantralayoan/vibhagoan ko shild dene ki vyavastha ki gee hai. aangrezi ke atirikt hindi mean sarakari kam karane ke lie ashulipikoan tatha taipistoan ko protsahan bhatta dene ke adesh jari kie ge haian. hindi karyashalaoan ke ayojan se bhi karmachariyoan ki jhijhak door karake unhean hindi mean kam karane ke lie protsahit kiya ja raha hai. rajabhasha vibhag tatha any mantralayoan adi ke adhikariyoan aur bhinn bhinn karyalayoan mean jakar vahaan hindi ka prayog badhane ke mamale mean anubhav ki jane vali kathinaiyoan ke samadhan ka prayas kiya ja raha hai. is prakar hindi mean kam karane ka vatavaran banane ke lie har sanbhav upay kie ja rahe haian.
rajabhasha ke pragami prayog ke sanbandh mean chhathi panchavarshiy yojana ke aantargat varsh 1983-84 ki varshik yojana ke lie 8 yojanaean –
- hindi ke pragami prayog ke bare mean yaantrik sadhanoan ke vikas ke lie yaantrik kaksh ki sthapana,
- banbee mean ek kshetriy karyanvayan karyalay ki sthapana,
- sangoshthiyaan aur pradasharniyap,
- nee dilli mean keandriy rajabhasha sansthan ki sthapana,
- vartaman hindi shikshan yojana ka sudridh banana – sarvakaryakari adhikariyoan ka manadey badhana,
- anusandhan ekak ko sudridh banana,
- keandriy anuvad byooro ko sudridh banana – anuvad kary ki kshamata shakti badhane ki yojana aur
- anuvad prashikshan karyakram ka vistar karane se sanbandhit ye yojana ayog ke vichararth bheji gee. prasannata ki bat hai ki yojana ayog ne in yojanaoan ko gun-avagun ke adhar par usaka anumodan kar diya hai. isake atirikt hamari manjil abhi kuchh door hai, kiantu ham sashakt aur santulit kadamoan se usaki or badh rahe haian. yahi asha hai ki ham us manjil tak shighr hi pahuanch jayeange.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
| kramaank | lekh ka nam | lekhak |