राजभाषा के रूप में हिन्दी का विकास, महत्त्व तथा प्रकाश की दिशाएँ

chitr:Icon-edit.gif

yah lekh svatantr lekhan shreni ka lekh hai. is lekh mean prayukt samagri, jaise ki tathy, aank de, vichar, chitr adi ka, sanpoorn uttaradayitv is lekh ke lekhak/lekhakoan ka hai bharatakosh ka nahian.

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lekhak- shri jayanarayan tivari

          bhasha vah sadhan hai jisake madhyam se pratyek prani apane vicharoan ko doosaroan par abhivyakt karata hai. yah aisi daivi shakti hai, jo manushy ko manavata pradan karati hai aur usaka samman tatha yash badhati hai. jise vani ka varadan prapt hota hai, vah b de se b de pad par pratishthit ho sakata hai aur akshay kirti ka adhikari bhi ban sakata hai. kiantu, is vani mean skhalan ya vikriti ane par manushy nianda or apayash ki bhi bhagi banata hai. yahi nahi avaanchhaniy vani, usake patan ka bhi karan ban sakati hai. atah vani ya bhasha ka prayog bahut soch vichar kar karana chahie. isalie rajakiy karyaean me poorn soch vichar ke bad upayukt bhasha ka prayog karane ki paranpara rahi hai.
          rajy ya prashasan ki bhasha ko rajy bhasha kahate haian. isake madhyam se sabhi prashasanik kary sampann kiye jate haian. yoonesko ke visheshajnoan ke anusar ‘us bhasha ko rajy bhasha kahate haian, jo sarakari kamakaj ke lie svikar ki gee ho aur jo shasan tatha janata ke bich apasi sanpark ke kam ati ho’ jabase prashasan ki paranpara prachalit huee hai, tabhi se rajabhasha ka prayog bhi kiya ja raha hai. prachin kal mean bharat mean sanskrit, prakrit, pali, apabhransh adi bhashaoan ka rajabhasha ke roop mean prayog hota tha. rajapoot kal mean tatkalin bhasha hindi ka prayog rajakaj mean kiya jata tha. kiantu bharatavarsh mean musalamanoan ka adhipaty sthapit ho jane ke bad dhire-dhire hindi ka sthan farasi aur arabi bhashaoan ne le kiya. is bich mean bhi rajapoot nareshoan ke rajy kshetr mean hindi ka prayog barabar prachalit raha. marathoan ke rajakaj mean bhi hindi ka prayog kiya jata tha. aj bhi in rajaoan ke darabaroan se hindi athava hindi-pharasi, dvibhashik roop mean jari kie ge pharaman b di sankhya mean upalabdh hai. yah is bat ka dyotak hai ki hindi rajakaj karane ke lie sadaiv saksham rahi hai. kiantu keandriy shakti ke musalaman shasakoan ke hath mean chale jane ke karan use vah avasar prapt nahian hua, jisase sabhi kshetroan mean usaki kshamata evan samarthy ka poorn vikas ho pata.
          aangrezi ne apane shasan kal mean tatkalin prachalit rajabhasha pharasi ko hi prashray diya. parinamasvaroop bharat ke azad hone ke kuchh samay bad tak bhi pharasi bharat ke adhikaansh bhagoan mean kachahariyoan ki bhasha bani rahi. is bich 1855 mean l aaurd maikale ne aangreji ko bharat ki shiksha aur prashasan ki bhasha ke roop mean sthapit kar diya tha. dhire dhire vah n keval poornatay bharatiy prashasan ki bhasha ban gee, balki shiksha, vanijy, vyapar tatha udyog dhandhoan ki bhasha ke roop mean bhi pratishthit ho gee. inata hi nahian vah bharat ke shikshit varg ke vyavahar ki bhi bhasha ban gee. phir bhi, aangreji shasak yah mahasoos karate rahe ki bharat ki bhashaoan ko bahut dinoan tak dabaya nahi ja sakata, atah unhoanne hindi bhashi pradeshoan mean hindi ko aur any pradeshoan mean, vahaan ki bhashaoan ko prathamik aur madhyamik kakshaoan mean shiksha ka madhyam banaya. is shriganesh ka shubh parinam yah hua ki hindi aur bharatiy bhashean vikasit hone lagian aur ve uchch shiksha ka madhyam bani. itana hi nahian svatantrata sangram ke sath sath hamare rashtriy netaoan ne bharatiy bhashaoan aur visheshakar hindi ko rashtrabhasha aur sanpark bhasha ke roop mean prachalit karane ka prayas praranbh kiya. is rashtriy jagaran ke parinam svaroop hindi ka uttarottar prasar hone laga aur yah mat vyakt kiya jane laga ki desh ke adhikaansh logoan ki boli hone ke karan hindi ko bhi bharat ki rashtrabhasha banaya jana chahie. desh ke kon kone se anek ahindi bhashi rashtriy netaoan ne bhi isi prakar ke vichar vyakt kiye.
mahatma gaandhi ne ek bar yah vichar vyakt kiya tha ki rashtrabhasha banane ke lie kisi bhasha mean niche die ge paanch gun hone avashyak hone chahie-

1. use sarakari adhikari asani se sikh sakean
   
2. vah samast bharat mean dharmik, arthik aur rajanitik sanpark ke madhyam ke roop mean prayog ke lie saksham ho,
   
3. vah adhikaansh bharatavasiyoan dvara boli jati ho,
   
4. sare desh ko use sikhane mean asani ho,
   
5. aisi bhasha ko chunate samay araji ya kshanik hitoan par dhyan n diya jae.
   

          unaka vichar tha ki bharatiy bhashaoan mean keval hindi hi ek aisi bhasha hai, jisamean uparyukt sabhi gun maujood haian. mahatma gaandhi tatha any netaoan ke udgaro ka parinam yah hua ki jab bharatiy sanvidhan sabha mean sangh sarakar ki rajabhasha nishchit karane ka prashn aya to vishad vichar manthan ke bad 14 sitanbar, 1949 ko hindi ko bharat sangh ki rajabhasha ghoshit kiya gaya. bharat ka sanvidhan 26 janavari, 1950 ko lagoo hua aur tabhi se devanagari lipi mean likhit hindi vidhivat bharat sangh ki rajabhasha hai.
          kisi bhi svadhin desh ke lie, jo mahatv usake rashtriy dhvaj aur rashtragan ka hai, vahi usaki rajabhasha ka hai. prajataantrik desh mean janata aur sarakar ke bich bhasha ki divar nahi honi chahie aur shasan ka kam janata ki bhasha mean kiya jana chahie. jab tak videshi bhasha mean shasan hota rahega, tab tak koee desh sahi arthaean mean svatantr nahian kaha ja sakata. pratyek vyakti apani bhasha mean hi spashtata aur saralata se apane vicharoan ko abhivyakt kar sakata hai. nootan vicharoan ka spandan aur atma ki abhivyakti, matribhasha mean hi sambhav hai. rajabhasha desh ke bhinn bhinn bhagoan ko ek sootr mean pirane ka kary karati hai isake madhyam se janata n keval apane desh ki nitiyoan aur prashasan ko bhalibhaanti samajh sakati hai, balki usamean svayan bhi bhag le sakati hai. prajatantr ki saphalata ke lie aisi vyavastha atyant avashyak hai. vishv ke sabhi svatantr desh aur navodit rashtroan ne is tathy ko svikar kiya hai ki unaka utthan, unaki apani bhashaaoan ke madhyam se hi sambhav hai. roos, japan, jarmani, adi sabhi rashtr isake praman haian. bharatiy sanvidhan sabha is tathy se poornatayah parichit thi. isalie yadyapi aangrezi ke samarthakoan ne usaki aantarrashtriy khyati aur samriddhi ki b di vakalat ki, phir bhi rashtriy netaoan ne desh ke bahusankhyak varg dvara boli jane vali aur desh ke adhikaansh bhag mean samajhi jane vali bhasha hindi ko hi bharat sangh ki rajabhasha banaya.
          hindi ka sangh ki rajabhasha 1950 mean hi ghoshit kar diya gaya tha, kiantu keandr sarakar ke kamoan mean hindi ko aangreji ka sthan dene ke lie ganbhirata se prayas keandr sarakar dvara 1960 or visheshakar rajabhasha adhiniyam, 1963 ke pas hone ke bad se praranbh kiya gaya. us samay yah anubhav kiya gaya ki hindi ke madhyam se prashasan ka kary chalane ke lie kuchh praranbhik taiyariyoan ki avashyakata p degi, jaise:-

1. prashasanik, vaijnanik, takaniki evan vidhi shabdavali ka nirman.
   
2. prashasanik evan vidhi sahity ka hindi mean anuvad.
   
3. ahindibhashi sarakari karmachariyoan ka hindi prashikshan.
   
4. hindi taiparaitaroan evan any yaantrik sadhanoan ki vyavastha adi.

shabdavali ka nirman

shabdavali nirman ke lie shiksha mantralay ne 1950 mean vaijnanik tatha takaniki bord ki sthapana ki thi. isake margadarshan mean shiksha mantralay ke hindi vibhag ne takaniki shabdavali ke nirman ka kary chaloo kiya tha. bad mean hindi vibhag ka vistar hote hote sanh 1960 mean keandriy hindi nideshalay ki sthapana huee. isake kuchh samay bad 1961 mean rashtrapati ke adeshanusar vaijnanik tatha takaniki shabdavali ayog ki sthapana ki gee. nideshalay tatha ayog ne ab tak vijnan, manaviki, ayurvijnan, ianjiniyari, krishi tatha prashasan adi ke 4 lakh aangrezi ke takaniki shabdoan ke hindi paryay prakashit kar diye haian. isi prakar rajabhasha (vidhayi) ayog tatha rajabhasha khand ne vidhi shabdavali ka nirman kary lagabhag poora kar liya hai. san 1979 mean prakashit vidhi shabdavali isaka spasht praman haian. isamean lagabhag 34000 vidhik shabdoan ke hindi paryay prakashit kie ge haian.

prashasanik sahity ka anuvad

keandriy sarakar ke vibhinn mantralayoan, vibhagoan ke mainualoan, sanhitaoan, pharmoan adi ka anuvad kary pahale shiksha mantralay ke keandriy hindi nideshalay dvara kiya jata tha. march, 1971 se yah kary grih mantralay (rajabhasha vibhag) ke adhin sthapit keandriy anuvad byooro ko sauanpa gaya hai. byooro ne nideshalay dvara anoodit sahity ke atirikt ab tak lagabhag 3 lakh manak prishthoan ka anuvad karake vibhinn mantralayoan ko upalabdh kara diya hai. is samay byooro mantralayoan, vibhagoan ke atirikt any sarakari karyalayoan, upakramoan adi ke menualoan ka bhi anuvad kar raha hai. isi prakar vidhi mantralay ke rajabhasha khand ne bhi ab tak 13000 manak prishthoan ke 1000 se adhik keanndriy adhiniyamoan ka hindi anuvad prastut kar diya hai aur yah kary nirantar chal raha hai. isake atirikt niyamoan tatha any vidhik sahity ka bhi anuvad kiya gaya hai.

hindi shikshan yojana

keandriy sarakar ke hindi n janane vale sarakari karmachariyoan ke lie hindi shikshan ka kary shiksha mantralay ki dekharekh mean 1952 mean praranbh hua tha, kiantu bad mean lie ge nirnay ke anusar aktoobar, 1955 se yah kary grih mantralay ke tatvadhan mean ho raha hai. praranbh mean yah prashikshan pathyakram un loangoan ke lie tha, ja apani ichchha se hindi padhana chahate haian bad mean aprॅl 1960 mean rashtrapati ke adesh ke adhin hindi ka sevakalin prashikshan un sabhi keandriy sarakari karmachariyoan ke lie anivary kar diya gaya jo 01-01-1961 ko 45 varsh ke nahian hue the. phir bhi, svechchha se hindi sikhane valoan ki tadad adhikatar jagahoan par itani paryapt hai ki rajabhasha vibhag ne abhi tak is anivaryata ka prayog nahian kiya hai aur hindi prashikshan ka kary sare desh mean svechchha tatha protsahan ke adhar par chal raha hai.

isi prakar tankakoan aur ashulipikoan ke lie bhi hindi taipiang aur hindi ashulipi ka prashikshan dene ki vyavastha ki gee hai. is samay desh bhar mean hindi prashikshan ke 149 keandr chal rahe haian, jinamean 73 poornakalik aur 76 aanshakalik haian. in keandroan ke madhyam se joon, 1981 tak lagabhag 4,37,360 karmachariyoan ne hindi ki vibhinn parikshaean tatha 34, 531 karmachariyoan ne hindi taipiang aur hindi ashulipik ki parikshaean pas kar li haian.

yaantrik sadhanoan ki vyavastha

kuchh varsh pahale devanagari ke taiparaitaroan ka utpadan maang ke anusar nahian tha. kiantu ab audyogik vikas vibhag, poorti tatha nipatan mahanideshalay evan taiparatar banane vali kanpaniyoan ke pratinidhiyoan ke sahayog se devanagari taiparaitaroan ke utpadan mean pragati huee hai. is samay devanagari taiparaitaroan ka utpadan maang ke anusar hai. varsh 1978 mean 11,573 1979 mean 13,686 tatha 1980 mean 12,754 devanagari taiparaitaroan ka utpadan hua. varsh 1981 mean vibhinn mantralayoan tatha vibhagoan ke pas kul 1367 devanagari taiparaitar the.

kampyootar

kampyootar me devanagari lipi tatha bharatiy bhashaoan ke prayog ki suvidha ke vikas ke sanbandh mean ilektraॅniki vibhag tatha ilektraॅniki ayog kshara vishesh kadam uthae ja rahe haian. kuchh varsh pahale ee. si. aee. el haidarabad ne kampyootar mean hindi tatha any bharatiy bhashaoan ke prayog ke sanbandh mean ek prototaip banaya tha. use aur upayogi banane ke lie kadam uthe ja rahe haian. hal hi mean birala ianstityoot aph teknalaॅji eand saians, pilani ne bhi aise hi ek kampyootar ka prototaip banaya hai. isake alava tata bradars, banbee ki ek pharm ne bhi is prakar ke kampyootar prototaip banaya hai. kanpyootar mean devanagari tatha any bharatiy bhashaoan ka prayog karane ki drishti se kod nirdharit karane ke lie ilektraniki ayog dvara karravaee ki ja rahi hai.

ilaiktraॅnik telipriantar

sanchar mantralay ke adhin ek sarakari upakram hindustan telipriantar li. dvara ilektranik tailipriantars banae jane ke lie avashyak kadam uthae ja rahe hai. ilektrॅniki ke lie ek samiti ka gathan kiya ja chuka hai. isi prakar hindi ke bijali se chalane vale tiparaitaroan, patalekhi mashinoan aur pinapvaiant taiparaitaroan ke nirman ke lie bhi karravaee ki ja rahi hai.

hindi ki mudran kshamata mean vriddhi

bharat sarakar ke presoan ki hindi mudran kshamata kud samay pahale santoshajanak nahian thi. avas tatha nirman mantralay ke sahayog se mudran nideshalay ne hindi mudran kshamata badhane ke lie vishesh prayas kiye haian, jisase is disha mean kafi pragati huee hai. pahale hindi mudran kshamata keval 400 prishth pratidin thi, ab yah badhakar 1200 prishth pratidin tak pahuanch gee hai.

rajabhasha ke sanbandh mean kanooni vyavasthaean

rajabhasha niti ko lagoo karane ke lie 1963 mean rajabhasha adhiniyam parit kiya gaya aur isamean 1976 mean sanshodhan kiya gaya. isakean kuchh pramukh upabandh is prakar haian:-

1. adhiniyam ki dhara 3 ke anusar (k) sangh ke un sabhi sarakari prayojanoan ke lie, jinake lie 26 janavari, 1965 se tatkal poorv aangreji ka prayog kiya ja raha tha aur (kh) sansad mean kary nishpadan ke lie 26 janavari, 1965 ke bad bhi hindi ke atirikt aangreji ka prayog jari rakha ja sakega.
2. keandr sarakar aur hindi ko rajabhasha ke roop mean n apanane vale kisi rajy ke bich patrachar aangreji mean hoga, vasharte use rajy ne isake lie hindi ka prayog karana svikar n kiya ho. isi prakar, hindi bhashi rajyoan ki sarakarean aise rajyoan ki sarakaroan ke sath aangreji mean patrachar karegi aur yadi ve aise rajyoan ko koee patr hindi mean bhejati haian to sath-sath usaka aangreji anuvad bhi bhejeangi. paraspirik samajhaute se yadi koee bhi do rajy apasi patrachar mean hindi ka prayog karean to isamean koee apatti nahian hogi.
3. keandriy sarakar ke karyalayoan, adi ke bich patr vyavahar ke lie hindi athava aangreji ka prayog kiya jata hai. lekin jab tak sanbandhit karyalayoan adi ke karmachari hindi ka kary sadhak jnan prapt n kar lean, tab tak patradi ka doosari bhasha mean anuvad upalabdh karaya jata rahega.
4. rajabhasha adhiniyam ki dhara 3 (3) ke anusar nimnalikhit kagajapatroan ke lie hindi aur aangreji donoan ka prayog anivary hai- 1. sankalp, 2. samany adesh, 3. niyam, 4. adhisoochanaean, 5. prashasanik tatha any riport, 6. pres vijnaptiyaan, 7. sansad ke kisi sadan ya sadanoan ke samaksh rakhi jane vali prashasanik tatha any riportean evan 8. sarakari kagajapatr, 9. sanvidaean, 10. karar, 11. anujnaptiyaan, 12. anujnapatr, 13. teandar notis aur 14. teandar pharm.
5. dhara 3 (4) ke anusar adhiniyam ke adhin niyam banate samay yah sunishchit kar lena hoga ki yadi keandriy sarakar ka koee karmachari hindi ya aangreji mean se kisi ek hi bhasha mean pravin ho, tab bhi vah apana sarakari kamakaj prabhavi dhang se kar sake aur keval is adhara par ki vah donoan bhashaoan mean pravin nahian hai, usaka koee ahit n ho.
6. rajabhasha (sanshodhan) adhiniyam, 1967 dvara adhiniyam ki dhara 3 (5) ke roop mean yah upabandh kiya gaya hai ki uparyukt vibhinn karyoan ke lie aangreji ka prayog jari rakhane sanbandhi vyavastha tab tak jari rahegi, jab tak hindi ko rajabhasha ke roop mean n apanane vale sabhi rajyoan ke vidhan mandal aangreji ka prayog khatm karane ke lie avashyak sankalp parit n karean aur in sankalpoan par vichar karane ke bad sansad ka pratyek sadan bhi isi ashay ka sankalp parin n kar dean.
7. adhiniyam ki dhara 7 ke anusar kisi rajy ka rajyapal rashtrapati ki poorv sammati se, us rajy ke uchch nyayalay dvara die ge athava parit kisi nirnay, dikri athava adesh ke lie, aangreji bhasha ke alava, hindi athava rajy ki rajabhasha ka prayog pradhikrit kar sakata hai. tathapit yadi koee nirnay dikri ya adesh aangreji se kisi bhinn kisi bhasha mean diya ya parit kiya jata hai to usake sath sath sanbandhit uchch nyayalay ke pradhikar se aangreji bhasha mean usaka anuvad bhi diya jaega. ab tak uttar pradesh, madhy pradesh aur bihar ke rajyapaloan ne apane uchch nyayalayoan mean uparyukt uddeshyoan ke lie rashtrapati se hindi ke prayog ki anumati li hai.

rajabhasha sanshodhan adhiniyam parit karane ke sath sath disanbar, 1967 mean sansad ke donoan sadanoan nale sarakar ki bhasha niti ke sanbandh mean ek sarakari sankalp bhi parit kiya tha. is sankalp ke pera 1 ke anusar keandriy sarakar hindi ke prasar tatha vikas aur sangh ke vibhinn sarakari prayojanoan ke lie usake prayog mean tezilane ke lie ek adhik gahan aur vistrit karyakram taiyar karegi aur use karyanvit karegi. isake atirikt is sanbandh mean kie ge upayoan tatha usamean huee pragati ka vyaura dete hue ek varshik moolyaankan riport sansad ke sadanoan ke sabhapatal par prastut kareangi. sanh 1968 se nirantar varshik karyakram banaya ja raha hai, jisamean keandriy sarakar ke mantralayoan evan vibhag se anurodh kiya jata hai ki hindi ka prayog badhane ke lie usake anusar karravaee karean. ab tak is prakar ki 10 riport sansad mean prastut ki ja chuki haian aur 11vian riport mudranadhin hai.

rajabhasha adhiniyam, 1976

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sarakari kamakaj mean hindi ka prayog badhane ke lie 1976 mean rajabhasha niyam banaya gaya hai. yah ek mahatvapoorn kadam tha, jisase hindi ke prayog mean kafi sahayata mili hai. is niyam ki mahatvapoorn vyavasthaean is prakar haiah (k) keandr sarakar ke karyalayoan ke ‘k’ kshetr ke lie rajy v sangh rajy kshetr (uttar pradesh, madhy pradesh, bihar, rajasthan, hariyana, himachal pradesh rajy aur sangh rajy kshetr dilli) ko aise rajyoan mean sthit kisi any karyalay ya vyakti ko bheje jane vale patr adi hindi mean bheje jaeange. yadi kisi khas mamalean mean koee patr aangreji mean bheja jata hai to usaka hindi anuvad bhi sath bheja jaega. (kh) keandr sarakar ke karyalayoan se ‘kh’ kshetr ke kisi rajy v sangh rajy kshetr (panjab, gujarat, aur maharashtr tatha chandigadh aur aandaman nikobar dvip samooh sangh rajy kshetr) ke prashasanoan ko bheje jane vale patr adi samanyatah hindi mean bheje jaeange. yadi aisa koee patr aangreji mean bheja jata hai to usaka hindi anuvad bhi sath bheja jaega. in rajyoan mean rahane vale kisi vyakti ko bheje jane vale patradi hindi ya aangreji, kisi bhi matra mean ho sakate haian. (g) keandriy sarakar ke karyalayoan se ‘g’ kshetr ke kisi rajy v sangh rajy kshetr (‘k’ aur ‘kh’ kshetr mean shamil n hone vale sabhi rajy aur sangh rajy kshetr) ke kisi karyalay ya vyakti ko patradi aangreji mean bheje jaeange. yadi aisa koee patr hindi mean bheja jata hai to usaka aangreji anuvad sath bheja jaega. (gh) keandriy sarakar ke ek mantralay ya vibhag aur doosare mantralay ya vibhag ke bich patr vyavahar hindi ya aangreji mean ho sakata hai kiantu keandr sarakar ke kisi mantralay/vibhag aur ‘k’ kshetr mean sthiti sanbanddh aur adhinastha karyalayoan ke bich hone vala patr vyahar sarakar dvara nirdharit anupat mean hindi mean hoga. vartaman vyavastha ke anusar kam se kam do tihaee patr vyavahar hindi mean hona chahie. ‘k’ kshetr mean sthit keandr sarakar ke kindi do karyalayoan ke bich sabhi patr vyavahar hindi mean hi kie jane ka pravadhan hai. (d.) hindi mean prapt patradi ke uttar anivary roop se hindi mean hi die jaeange. hindi mean lekh ya hindi mean istakshar kie ge avedanoan ya abhyavedanoan ke uttar bhi hindi mean die jaeange. (ch) rajabhasha adhiniyam, 1963 ki dhara 3 (3) mean nirdisht sabhi dastavejoan ke lie hindi aur aangrezi, donoan bhashaoan ka prayog kiya jaega aur ise sunishchit karane ki jimmedari aise dastavejoan par hastakshar karane vale vyakti ki hogi. (chh) keandriy sarakar ka koee karmachari phailoan mean hindi ya aangreji mean tippani ya masaude likh sakata hai aur usase yah apeksha nahian ki jaegi ki vah usaka anuvad doosari bhasha mean bhi prastut karean. (j) keandriy sarakar ke karyalayoan se sanbandhit sabhi mainual, sanhitaean aur any prakriya sahity hindi aur aangreji, donoan mean dvibhashik roop mean taiyar aur prakashit kie jaeange. sabhi pharmo aur rajistaroan ke shirsh, namapatt, steshanari, adi ki any madean bhi hindi aur aangreji me dvibhashik roop mean hogi. (n) pratyek karyalay ke prashasanik pradhan ka yah dayitv hoga ki vah rajabhasha adhiniyam aur usake adhin bane niyamoan ka samuchit roop se anupalan sunishchit karean.

rajabhasha niti ke karyanvayan ki jimmedari bharat sarakar ke sabhi mantralayoan/vibhagoan par hai. is niti ke samanvay ka kary rajabhasha vibhag karata hai. yah vibhag samanvay ke lie varshik karyakramoan ko jari karane ke alava kee prakar ki samitiyoan ka gathan karake yah kary kar raha hai, jinaka vivaran is prakar haiah

(1) keandriy hindi samiti

hindi ke vikas aur prasar tatha sarakari kamakaj mean hindi ke adhikadhik prayog ke sanbandh mean bharat sarakar ke vibhinn mantralayoan evan vibhagoan dvara karyanvit kie ja rahe karyakramoan ka samanvay karane aur niti sanbandhi disha nirdesh dene vali yah sarvaechch samiti hai. pradhanamantri ji ki adhyakshata mean gathit is samiti mean keandriy sarakar ke 11 mantri tatha rajy mantri, rajyoan ke 8 mukhyamantri, 7 sansad sadasy tatha hindi ke 10 vishisht vidvanh shamil hai. rajabhasha vibhag ke sachiv evan bharat sarakar ke hindi salahakar isake sadasy sachiv haian.

(2) hindi salahakar samitiyaan

sarakar ka yah nirnay hai ki rajabhasha niti ka karyanvayan sunishchit karane aur is sanbandh mean avashyak salah dene ke lie janata ke sath adhik sanpark mean ane vale vibhinn mantralayoan evan vibhagoan mean hindi salahakar sanmitiyaan gathit ki jaean. is nirnay ke anusar 25 mantralayoan mean unake mantriyoan ki adhyakshata mean hindi salahakar samitiyoan ka gathan kiya gaya hai, jiname sansadasyoan tatha hindi ke vishisht vidvanoan ke atirikt mantralay vishesh ke varishth adhikari shamil hote haian. ve apane mantralay mean hindi ka prayog badhane ke sanbandh mean avashyak vichar virmash karake nirnay lete haian.

(3) rajabhasha karyanvayan samitiyaan

keandriy sarakar ke jin karyalayoan mean karmachariyoan ki sankhya (chaturth shreni karmachariyoan ko chho dakar) 25 ya isase adhik hai, vahaan rajabhasha karyanvayan samitiyaan banaee gee haian. mantralayoan v vibhagoan ki rajabhasha karyanvayan samitiyoan ke adhyakshoan ko mila kar ek keandriy rajabhasha karyanvayan samiti banaee gee hai, jo usaki samasyaoan par aantarik roop se vichar karake unaka samadhan dhooandhati hai. 1976 mean lie ge ek nirnay ke anusar aise 55 nagaroan mean bhi, jahaan 10 ya inase adhik keandriy karyalay hai, nagar rajabhasha karyanvayan samitiyoan ka gathan kiya gaya hai.

          uparyukt prayatnoan ke phalasvaroop bharat sarakar ke vibhinn mantralayoan vibhagoan mean hindi ka prayog badha hai. varsh 1981 ki 3 timahiyoan mean kul 423990 patr hindi mean prapt hue. inamean se 233030 patroan ka uttar hindi mean diya gaya tatha keval 5088 patroan ka uttar aangreji mean. isi avadhi mean vibhinn mantralayoan/vibhagoan se 345899 patr mool roop se hindi mean bheje ge. isi prakar adhinasth karyalayoan mean bhi hindi ka prayog badh raha he. rajabhasha adhiniyam, 1963 ki dhara 3 (3) ke anusar samany adesh (jinamean paripatr bhi shamil hai) sankalp, niyam, adhisoochanaean, prashasanik tatha any riport, pres vijnaptiyaan, sanvida, karar, anujnapti adi dvibhashi roop mean jari kie jane chahie. is sanbandh mean rajabhasha vibhag ki or se sabhi mantralayoan v vibhagoan se yah kaha gaya hai ki ve unhean anivary roop se dvibhashi roop mean jari karean. adhikatar mantralay v vibhag aisa hi kar rahe haian. varsh 1981 ki 3 timahiyoan mean jari hone vale vibhag aisa hi kar rahe haian. varsh 1981 ki 3 timahiyoan mean jari hone vale in kagaj patroan ki kul sankhya 73341 thi. inamean 61297 kagajapatr dvibhashi roop mean jari hue. isake atirikt sabhi mantralayoan v vibhagoan dvara hindi mean prapt patroan ke uttar prayah hindi mean die jate haian.
          uparyukt vivaran se jnat hoga ki rajabhasha ke roop mean hindi ke vikas, prachar aur prayog mean paryapt vriddhi huee hai, kiantu abhi bhi ham apekshit lakshy tak nahian pahuanch sake haian. isaka karan yah hai ki jo sarakari karmachari hindi janate bhi haian, ve bhi dvibhashik roop mean kary karane ki chhoot hone ke karan hindi ke bajay aangreji mean kam karana pasand karate haian, kyoanki ek to ve pahale se aangreji mean kam karane ke abhyast rahe haian doosare hindi mean kam karane mean ve kuchh hinata athava sankoch ka anubhav karate haian. yah hinata aur sankoch ki bhavana is samay sarakari karyalayoan mean hindi ka prayog badhane ke marg mean bahut b di badha hai. isake atirikt aangreji ka prayog karane ke lie abhi jitane yaantrik sadhan aur suvidhaean upalabdh hai, ve hindi mean sulabh nahian hai. isase vibhinn kshetroan mean hindi ka prayog apekshit roop mean nahian ho pa raha hai. atah vibhinn prakar ke taiparaitaroan, kanpyootaroan adi ki apekshit suvidhaean hindi mean sulabh karane ke lie paryapt prayas kie jane ki avashyakata hai. hindi bhashi rajy sarakarean bhi, jahaan adhikaansh karmachari hindi janate haian, abhi tak sanpoorn kary hindi mean nahian kar pa rahi hai. isase any rajyoan mean hindi ka prayog karane par bahut pratikool prabhav p data hai.
          yadyapi rajabhasha adhiniyam evan rajabhasha niyam ke anusar anek kagaj patroan evan prakashanoan ko dvibhashik roop mean athava keval hindi mean jari karana p data hai. kiantu sarakari presoan ki hindi ki mudran-kshamata abhi bhi santoshajanak nahian hai. isase n to hindi ke prakashan samay par nikal pate haian aur n hi samuchit matra mean hindi ka prayog badh pata hai. yah bhi dekha gaya hai ki rajabhasha niti ke karyanvayan ke lie abhi tak mantralayoan, vibhagoan, karyalayoan adi mean samuchit hindi staph ki vyavastha nahian ho paee hai. hindi ka prayog badhane ke marg mean sabase b di badha upayukt vatavaran n hone ki hai. prayah sabhi sahi sochate haian ki unake bajay kisi aur ko hindi mean kam karana hai. phir bhi, vividh prayasoan ke parinamasvaroop hindi ka prayog din pratidin badh raha hai. bharat sarakar ke sabhi mantralayoan vibhago, karyalayoan, upakramoan adi mean varshik karyakramoan ko poora karane ka bharakas prayas kiya ja raha hai. hindi mean sarvadhik kam karane vale mantralayoan v vibhagoan ko shild dene ki vyavastha ki gee hai. isake atirikt hindi mean paryapt kam karane vale ko arthik protsahan dene ki yojana bhi vicharadhin hai. rajabhasha vibhag apane vibhinn prakashanoan ke madhyam se rajabhasha niti, rajabhasha adhiniyam tatha rajabhasha niyamoan ki janakari dene ka poora prayas kar raha he. vibhinn mantralayoan ki hindi salahakar samitiyaan tatha rajabhasha karyanvayan samitiyaan hindi ka prayog badhane ke lie avashyak kadam utha rahi hai. hindi karyashalaoan ke ayojan se bhi karmachariyoan ki jhijhak door karake unhean hindi mean kam karane ka protsahan diya ja raha hai. tatpary yah hai ki hindi mean kam karane ka vatavaran banane ke lie har sanbhav upay kie ja rahe haian. yadyapi hamari manjil kuchh door avashy hai, kiantu ham sab ka sahayog lete hue sashakt aur santulit kadamoan se usaki taraph badh rahe haian. hamean asha hai, ham der saver apani manjil tak avashy pahuancheange.

sanbandhit lekh

tritiy vishv hindi sammelan 1983

kramaank

lekh ka nam

lekhak

hindi aur samasik sanskriti
1.	hindi sahity aur samasik sanskriti	d aau. karn rajasheshagiri rav
2.	hindi sahity mean samasik sanskriti ki sarjanatmak abhivyakti	pro. kesarikumar
3.	hindi sahity aur samasik sanskriti	d aau. chandrakaant baandivadekar
4.	hindi ki samasik evan saanskritik ekata	d aau. jagadish gupt
5.	rajabhasha: karyacharan aur samasik sanskriti	d aau. en.es. dakshinamoorti
6.	hindi ki akhil bharatiyata ka itihas	pro. dineshvar prasad
7.	hindi sahity mean samasik sanskriti	d aau. muanshiram sharma
8.	bharatiy vyaktitv ke sanshlesh ki bhasha	d aau. raghuvansh
9.	desh ki samasik sanskriti ki abhivyakti mean hindi ka yogadan	d aau. rajakishor paandey
10.	saanskritik samanvay ki prakriya aur hindi sahity	shri rajeshvar gangavar
11.	hindi sahity mean samasik sanskriti ke tattv	d aau. shivanandan prasad
12.	hindi:samasik sanskriti ki sanvahika	shri shivasagar mishr
13.	bharat ki samasik sanskririti aur hindi ka vikas	d aau. haradev bahari
hindi ka vikasashil svaroop
14.	hindi ka vikasashil svaroop	d aau. anandaprakash dikshit
15.	hindi ke vikas mean bhojapuri ka yogadan	d aau. udayanarayan tivari
16.	hindi ka vikasashil svaroop (shabdavali ke sandarbh mean)	d aau. kailashachandr bhatiya
17.	manak bhasha ki sankalpana aur hindi	d aau. krishnakumar gosvami
18.	rajabhasha ke roop mean hindi ka vikas, mahattv tatha prakash ki dishaean	shri jayanarayan tivari
19.	saanskritik bhasha ke roop mean hindi ka vikas	d aau. trilochan paandey
20.	hindi ka saralikaran	achary deveandranath sharma
21.	prashasanik hindi ka vikas	d aau. narayanadatt palival
22.	jan ki vikasashil bhasha hindi	shri bhagavat jha azad
23.	bharat ki bhashik ekata: paranpara aur hindi	pro. manik goviand chaturvedi
24.	hindi bhasha aur rashtriy ekikaran	pro. ravindranath shrivastav
25.	hindi ki sanvaidhanik sthiti aur usaka vikasashil svaroop	pro. vijayendr snatak
devanagari lipi ki bhoomika
26.	rashtriy aur aantarrashtriy sandarbh mean devanagari	shri jivan nayak
27.	devanagari	pro. devishankar dvivedi
28.	hindi mean lekhan sanbandhi ekaroopata ki samasya	pro. p. ba. jain
29.	devanagari lipi ki bhoomika	d aau. babooram saksena
30.	devanagari lipi (kashmiri bhasha ke sandarbh mean)	d aau. mohanalal sar
31.	rashtriy aur aantarrashtriy sandarbh mean devanagari lipi	pan. rameshvaradayal dube
videshoan mean hindi
32.	vishv ki hindi patr-patrikaean	d aau. kamata kamalesh
33.	videshoan mean hindi:prachar-prasar aur sthiti ke kuchh pahaloo	pro. premasvaroop gupt
34.	hindi ka ek apanaya-sa kshetr: sanyukt rajy	d aau. ar. es. megregar
35.	hindi bhasha ki bhoomika : vishv ke sandarbh mean	shri rajendr avasthi
36.	marishas ka hindi sahity	d aau. lata
37.	hindi ki bhavi aantarrashtriy bhoomika	d aau. brajeshvar varma
38.	aantarrashtriy sandarbh mean hindi	pro. siddheshvar prasad
39.	nepal mean hindi aur hindi sahity	shri sooryanath gop
vividha
40.	tulanatmak bharatiy sahity evan paddhati vijnan ka prashn	d aau. iandranath chaudhuri
41.	bharat ki bhasha samasya aur hindi	d aau. kumar vimal
42.	bharat ki rajabhasha niti	shri krishnakumar shrivastav
43.	videsh doorasanchar seva	shri ke.si. katiyar
44.	kashmir mean hindi : sthiti aur sanbhavanaean	pro. chamanalal saproo
45.	bharat ki rajabhasha niti aur usaka karyanvayan	shri deveandracharan mishr
46.	bhashayi samasya : ek rashtriy samadhan	shri narmadeshvar chaturvedi
47.	sanskrit-hindi kavyashastr mean upama ki sarvalankarabijata ka vichar	d aau. mahendr madhukar
48.	dvitiy vishv hindi sammelan : nirnay aur kriyanvayan	shri rajamani tivari
49.	vishv ki pramukh bhashaoan mean hindi ka sthan	d aau. ramajilal jaangid
50.	bharatiy adivasiyoan ki matribhasha tatha hindi se inaka samipy	d aau. lakshmanaprasad sinha
51.	maian lekhak nahian hooan	shri vimal mitr
52.	lokajnata sarvajnata (lokavartta vijnan ke sandarbh mean)	d aau. haradvarilal sharma
53.	desh ki ekata ka mool: hamari rashtrabhasha	shri kshemachand ‘suman’
videshi sandarbh
54.	marishas: sagar ke par laghu bharat	shri es. bhuvaneshvar
55.	amarika mean hindi -d aau. kerin shomar
56.	lipaziang vishvavidyalay mean hindi	d aau. (shrimati) marget gatslaf
57.	jarmani sanghiy ganarajy mean hindi	d aau. lothar lutse
58.	soorinam desh aur hindi	shri sooryaprasad bire
59.	hindi ka aantarrashtriy pariprekshy	shri bachchooprasad sianh
svaichchhik sanstha sandarbh
60.	hindi ki svaichchhik sansthaean	shri shankararav loandhe
61.	rashtriy prachar samiti, vardha	shri shankararav loandhe
sammelan sandarbh
62.	pratham aur dvitiy vishv hindi sammelan: uddeshy evan upalabdhiyaan	shri madhukararav chaudhari
smriti-shraddhaanjali
63.	svargiy bharatiy sahityakaroan ko smriti-shraddhaanjali	d aau. prabhakar machave

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