डाक टिकटों में महात्मा गाँधी
dak tikatoan mean mahatma gaandhi
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| poora nam | mohanadas karamachand gaandhi |
| any nam | bapoo, mahatma ji |
| janm | 2 aktoobar, 1869 |
| janm bhoomi | porabandar, gujarat |
| mrityu | 30 janavari, 1948 |
| mrityu sthan | nee dilli |
| mrityu karan | hatya |
| abhibhavak | karamachand gaandhi, putalibaee |
| pati/patni | kastooraba gaandhi |
| santan | harilal, manilal, ramadas, devadas |
| smarak | rajaghat (dilli), birala haus (dilli) adi. |
| parti | kaangres |
| shiksha | bairistar |
| vidyalay | banbee yoonivarsiti, samaladas k aaulej |
| sanbandhit lekh | gaandhi yug, asahayog aandolan, namak satyagrah, bharat chho do andolan, daandi march, vyaktigat satyagrah, savinay avajna andolan, khilafat andolan |
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vishv patal par mahatma gaandhi sirf ek nam nahian apitu shanti aur ahiansa ka pratik haian. mahatma gaandhi ke poorv bhi shanti aur ahiansa ki avadharana phalit thi, parantu unhoanne jis prakar satyagrah evan shanti v ahiansa ke rastoan par chalate huye aangrezoan ko bharat chho dane par majaboor kar diya, usaka koee doosara udaharan vishv itihas mean dekhane ko nahian milata. tabhi to gaandhi ki mrityu par, prakhyat vaijnanik alabart aianstin ne kaha tha ki- hazar sal bad ane vali naslean is bat par mushkil se vishvas kareangi ki ha d-maans se bana aisa koee insan dharati par kabhi aya tha. (ane vali pidhiyaan shayad hi is bat ka yakin kar paean ki kabhi dharati par gaandhi jaisa koee shakhs bhi paida hua tha.) sanyukt rashtr sangh ne bhi varsh 2007 se gaandhi jayanti ko ‘vishv ahiansa divas’ ke roop mean manaye jane ki ghoshana ki.
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250px|left|mahatma gaandhiprakhyat vaijnanik alabart aianstin ne kaha tha ki- hazar sal bad ane vali naslean is bat par mushkil se vishvas kareangi ki ha d-maans se bana aisa koee insan dharati par kabhi aya tha. ane vali pidhiyaan shayad hi is bat ka yakin kar paean ki kabhi dharati par gaandhi jaisa koee shakhs bhi paida hua tha.
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mahatma gaandhi duniya ke sarvadhik lokapriy rajanetaoan aur vyaktitv mean se haian. yahi karan hai ki pray: adhikatar deshoan ne unake samman mean dak-tikat jari kiye haian. desh videsh ke tikatoan mean dekhean to gaandhi ka poora jivan charitr paya ja sakata hai. samanyatah dak tikat ek chhota sa kagaz ka tuk da dikhata hai, par isaka mahattv aur kimat donoan hi isase kafi zyada hai. dak tikat vastav mean ek nanha rajadoot hai, jo vibhinn deshoan ka bhraman karata hai evamh unhean apani sabhyata, sanskriti aur virasat se avagat karata hai. yah kisi bhi rashtr ke logoan, unaki astha v darshan, aitihasikata, sanskriti, virasat evan unaki akaankshaoan v ashaoan ka pratik hai. aise mean dak-tikatoan par sthan pana gaurav ki bat hai. yah janakar koee ashchary nahian hoga ki dak tikatoan ki duniya mean gaandhi sabase zyada dikhane vale bharatiy haian tatha bharat mean sarvadhik bar dak-tikatoan par sthan pane valoan mean gaandhi ji pratham haian. yahaan tak ki azad bharat mean ve pratham vyakti the, jin par dak tikat jari hua.
rashtrapita mahatma gaandhi ahiansa ke boote par ajadi dilane mean bhale hi bharat ke hiro haian lekin dak tikatoan ke mamale mean vah vishv ke 104 deshoan mean sabase b de hiro haian. vishv mean akele gaandhi hi aise lokapriy neta haian jin par itane adhik dak tikat jari hona ek rikard hai. bharat mean gaandhi ji ke dak tikat jari hone se pahale 13 janavari 1948 se 18 janavari 1948 ke bich jin dinoan gaandhi dangoan ko rokane ke lie upavas par baithe hue the, un dinoan dak vyavastha ko prachar ka madhyam bana kar dilli aur kalakatta ke dakagharoan se saanpradayik dangoan ko rokane ka sandesh muharoan par aankit kar diya jane laga tha.
bahut kam logoan ko pata hoga ki bharat ko gulami ke shikanje mean kasane vale briten ne jab pahali dafa kisi mahapurush par dak tikat nikala to vah mahatma gaandhi hi the. isase pahale briten mean dak tikat par keval raja ya rani ke hi chitr chhape jate the. gaandhi ji par dak tikat jari karane ka phaisala sabase pahale sal 1948 mean liya gaya. bapoo shriankhala ke in charoan dak tikatoan ko sal 2 aktoobar, 1949 mean gaandhi ji ki 80vian varshagaanth par jari karane ka phaisala liya gaya tha, halaanki in dak tikatoan ko jari karane ki yojana janavari se hi chal rahi thi, jab gaandhi ji jivit the. lekin isase pahale ki tikatean jari ho patian, 30 janavari, 1948 ko mahatma gaandhi ji ki hatya kar di gee. tab in tikatoan ko gaandhi ji ko samman dene ke lie char vibhinn daroan ki mudraoan mean vikray hetu rashtr ki pratham svatantrata varshagaanth par 15 agast, 1948 ko jari kiya gaya. inake mooly dedh ana, sadhe tin ana aur 12 ana rakha gaya tha. in tikatoan ki khas bat yah hai ki bapoo ke hiandi aur urdoo donoan bhashaoan mean nam likhe hue sirf ye hi tikat aj tak upalabdh haian.
gaandhi ji ke sath ‘ba’ yani kastooraba gaandhi ko bhi un dak tikatoan mean jagah di gee hai. pratham pradhanamantri javaharalal neharoo ne hi pahal karate hue in charoan dak tikatoan par bapoo ko dizain ka hissa banaya tha. is poore ghatanakram mean dilachasp bat yah thi ki ziandagi bhar ‘svadeshi’ ko tavajjo dene vale gaandhi ji ko sammanit karane ke lie jari kie ge in dak tikatoan ki chhapaee svitjaralaiand mean huee thi. isake bad se lekar aj tak kisi bhi bharatiy dak tikat ki chhapaee videsh mean nahian huee. inamean se das rupe vali tikat am vyakti ki pahuanch se bahar thi. us samay ke gavarnar janaral ke adesh par keval sarakari upayog ke lie inamean se das rupe vali tikatoan ki sau atirikt pratiyaan chhapi geean thi, jin par 'service' likha hota hai. yah vishv ki bahut durlabh tikatean haian. inamean se kuchh tikatean kuchh ganamany vyaktiyoan ko upahar ke roop mean de di geean, aur kuchh dilli ke 'rashtriy dak tikat sangrahalay' ko de di geean. inamean se adhikatam ath pratiyaan niji hathoan mean haian, jinake karan ve bahut durlabh aur kimati ho geean. inamean se ek tikat 5 aktoobar 2007 ko svitzaralaind mean devid pheldamain kanpani dvara ki nilami mean 38,000 yooro mean biki. gaandhi ji ke vibhinn chitr|200px|thumb dak-tikat par pahale gaandhi ji ke lie bapoo shabd ka prayog hua tha, magar bad ki tikatoan par mahatma gaandhi likha jane laga. kee deshoan ne mahatma gaandhi ki janm shatabdi, 125vian jayanti v bharat ki 50vian svatantrata varshagaanth par kee prakar ke alag-alag moolyoan ke dak tikat v dak samagriyaan samay–samay par jari ki haian. shaanti ke masiha v sahastrabdi ke nayak ke roop mean bhi anek deshoan ne, gaandhi ji ke chitroan ko adhar banakar dak tikat v any dak samagriyaan jari ki haian. kee deshoan ne mahatma gaandhi par dak tikat hi nahian balki miniechar aur soviniyar shits jari ki. aj is bat ki hairani hai ki duniya ke adhikaansh deshoan ne bapoo par tikat jari kar unhean samman diya, lekin pakistan ne nahian. shaanti ke is doot ki upeksha ki hi shayad vajah hai ki pakistan mean kabhi bhi shaanti bahal nahian huee.
rashtrapita mahatma gaandhi par sarvadhik dak tikat unake janm shatabdi varsh 1969 mean jari hue the. us varsh vishv ke 35 deshoan ne un par 70 se adhik dak tikat jari kie the. lakhanoo philaitalik klab ke sansthapak evan sachiv eseme jaidi ke mutabik bapoo par sauth aphrika ne sat, esedala ne nau, bhootan ne 10, yooese v dominika ne chhah-chhah, brajil, gret briten, somaliya v tanajaniya ne tin-tin, jarmani v jambiya ne char-char aur roos ne do dak tikat jari kie. shri jaidi ne bataya 104 desh gaandhi ji par 300 se adhik dak tikat v speshal kavar nikal chuke haian. bharat mean gaandhi ji par 1948 mean paanch, 1969 mean char, 1973 mean neharoo ji ke sath, 1979 mean ek bachchi ke sath, 1980 mean daandi march par ek dak tikat jari hua tha. isake bad 1992 mean bharat chho do aandolan par do, 1995 mean bharat-dakshin aphrika par do, 1998 mean mahatma gaandhi ke 50vean nirvan divas par char aur 2001 mean mahatma gaandhi miliniyam par do dak tikat jari kie ge.
inake alava ab tak 15 samany dak tikat v 200 se adhik vishesh avaran bhi jari ho chuke haian. sanyukt rashtr sangh ki 2007 mean gaandhi ji ke janmadin ko prati varsh vishv ahiansa divas ke roop mean manae jane ka nirnay bhi aham hai. isi k di mean ahiansapeks-2, 2009 ke mauke par bhi arntarashtriy ahiansa divas se sambandhit speshal kavar jipio mean sipiemaji karnal kamalesh chandr, nideshak sachin kishor v vike daksh ne jari kiya. lakhanoo philaitalik klab ke prayas se paanch rupe ki kimat vale is speshal kavar par gaandhi ji ki photo ke sath rashtriy dhvaj ko bhi shamil kiya gaya hai. kavar par saty ahiansa ke anuyayi-mahatma gaandhi evan rashtriy dhvaj bhi chhapa gaya hai.
samman mean jari dak tikat
bharatavarsh se bahar ke deshoan mean lagabhag 100 se bhi adhik ne gaandhi ji ke jivan se jude vibhinn pahaluoan ko keandr mean rakhate hue unake jivan par adharit vibhinn dak samagriyaan v dak–tikat jari kie haian. in deshoan mean vishv ke sabhi mahadvipoan ke desh shamil haian. [[chitr:Gandhiji-Postage-Stamp.jpg|thumb|left|gaandhi ji ke samman mean jari vibhinn deshoan ke dak tikat]]
- eshiya mahadvip mean roos (rashiya), kazakistan, afaganistan, viyatanam, barma (vartaman myaanmar), eeran, bhootan, shrilanka, kazakistan, turkamenistan, kiragijistan, yaman, siriya aur saipras jaise desh inamean pramukh haian.
- yooropiy deshoan mean beljiyam, hangari, chekoslovakiya, jarmani, jibraltar, briten (ianglaind), yoonan, rom, malta, pauleand, romaniya, ayaralaiand, lakzamabarg, eezadel dvip samooh, maikodoniya (mesedoniya), sain marino aur stafa sk aautalaiand ke nam pramukh haian.
- amariki deshoan mean sanyukt rajy amarika (yoonaited stet), brajil, chili, kostarika, kyooba, greneda, guyana, maiksiko, moanteseret, panama, soorinam, urugve, venejuela, trininad (trinidad) aur tobaigo, gaib aaun nikaragua, nevis, dominika, eantigua aur barabuda ke nam ullekhaniy haian.
- aphriki deshoan mean burkina phaso kaimaroon, chad qamarooj, kaango, mishr, gaiban, gaanbiya, ghana, laiberiya, maidagaskar, mali, maritainiya, m aaurishas, morakko, mojaanbik, naijar, senegal, siera liyon, somaliya, dakshin aphrika, tanjaniya, togo, yoogaanda aur jaanbiya ke nam pramukh haian.
- astreliyaee deshoan mean aaustreliya, palaoo, maikroneshiya aur marshal dvip pramukh haian.
- atirikt desho mean saeeberiya, greneda, yoojeriya, sanyukt arab ganarajy, naijiriya haian.
vibhinn prakar ke dak tikat
gaandhi ji ke tarah-tarah ke dak tikat|thumb|250px
- m aaurishas ne 1969 mean gaandhi ji ki svarn jayanti ke avasar par 6 tikatoan ki ek sundar samoohika jari ki thi. in tikatoan mean gaandhi ji ki chh: vibhinn mudraoan ko liya gaya hai. m aaurishas mean samooh ke roop mean jari kiya jane vala yah pahala tikat tha. 6 tikatoan ke is samoohik tikat ke hashiye par peansil se bharat ke gramin parivesh ke anek suandar drishy aur saanskritik v rajanitik mahattv ke chhote-bade anek drishyoan ko b di suandarata ke sath aankit kiya gaya hai.
- 1896 mean unake johansabarg ke karyalay mean khianche ge ek chitr ko 'bharat, dakshin afrika, guyana, marshal dvip aur sk aautalaiand' sahit kee deshoan ne apane dak tikatoan ka vishay banaya hai. marshal dvip ke is tikat mean gaandhi ji ko vahaan ke mazadooroan ke hitoan ke lie aandolan karate hue dikhaya gaya hai. roos apane b de akar ke suandar dak tikatoan ke karan poore vishv mean jana jata hai.
- bharat ke atirikt sanyukt rajy amarika vah pahala desh hai jisane mahatma gaandhi ke sammanasvaroop sabase pahale dak tikat jari kie. amerika ne 26 janavari, 1961 ko mahatma gaandhi par dak tikat jari kie the. amerika ne yah tikat 'chaianpiyans aauf libarti sirij' ke tahat jari kie the. sanyukt rajy amarika ke in tikatoan par aankit chitr bhi ek bharatiy chitrakar 'ar.el. lekhi' dvara upalabdh karae ge aur inhean do vibhinn mudraoan mean vikray ke lie jari kiya gaya. char seant aur ath seant ke mooly ke in do dak tikatoan ki 12,00,00,000 aur 4,00,00,000 pratiyaan jari ki gee thian. yah bhi ek ashcharyajanak tathy hai ki aj tak mahatma gaandhi ke sammanasvaroop jari kie ge tikatoan ki itani badi sankhya pahale kabhi prakashit nahian ki gee.
- sal 1969 gaandhi ji ki janmashatabdi ke avasar par briten samet lagabhag 40 deshoan ne unapar dak tikat jari kie. 'briten' dvara jari kiya gaya ek tikat kisi bhi videshi vyakti par jari kiya gaya briten ka pahala dak tikat tha. briten sarakar dvara gaandhi ji ko yah samman dene par vahaan ke sansad mean kafi ho halla bhi hua tha. briten ke kuchh saansadoan ko sarakar ka yah phaisala zara bhi achchha nahian laga tha. unhoanne kaha ki jis adami ke karan bharat mean briten samrajy ka aant hua use samman dene ka kya matalab hai? lekin in sabake bad bhi bharatiy mool ke british nagarik 'biman malik' ne gaandhi ji par dak tikat dijain kiya, jise british sarakar ne jari kiya tha. sal 1972 mean kolakata mean gaandhi ji par jari kie ge dak tikatoan ki ek aantarrashtriy tikatoan ki pradarshani mean isi tikat ko sabase behatarin tikat ka puraskar mila tha. isake sath hi ek pratham divas kavar bhi jari kiya gaya tha, jis par lal rang se 'charakhe' ki akriti banaee gee thi.
- kaango namak afriki ganarajy dvara jari dak tikat kisi bhi afriki desh dvara gaandhi ji ke smritisvaroop jari kiya gaya pahala dak tikat tha. vishv ke sabhi deshoan mean, bharat aur sanyukt rajy amarika ke bad, mahatma gaandhi par tikat jari karane vala vah tisara ganarajy tha.
- uzabekistan sarakar ki or se jari kie ge rashtrapita mahatma gaandhi se sanbandhit 25 dak tikatoan ki sirij ko bhi shamil kiya hai, jinamean mahatma gaandhi ke bachapan se lekar unake jivan se sanbandhit vibhinn mahattvapoorn ghatanaoan ko chitroan ke madhyam se darshaya gaya hai.
- isi tarah ke 'seanta aeesalaiand' namak desh ke dvara jari kiye char dak tikatoan ka set bhi gaandhi sangrahalay mean abhi shamil hua hai. isamean riflaikshan takanik ke dvara mahatma gaandhi ka chitr ek kon se tatha doosare kon se mahatma gaandhi ke sajo-saman ko aankit kiya gaya hai.
- turqamenistan 1997 mean ek tikat jari kiya jisamean bharat ki bhootapoorv pradhanamantri iandira gaandhi ko bhi dikhaya gaya hai. tikat ke kalakar ne iandira ji ko mahatma gaandhi ki putri samajh kar is tikat mean sath–sath dikhaya. bad mean pata chalane par bhi tikat ko vaise hi rahane diya gaya. yah tikat bharat ki svatantrata ke 50 varsh poore hone ke upalakshy mean prakashit kiya gaya tha.
[[chitr:Mahatma-Gandhi-And-Kasturba-Gandhi.jpg|thumb|250px|mahatma gaandhi aur kastooraba gaandhi ki pratima, birala haus, dilli]]
- gaanbiya ke tikat mean gaandhi ji ko unaki suprasiddh gaandhi topi mean dekha ja sakata hai. yah vishv ka ekamatr aisa tikat hai jisamean gaandhi ji ne yah topi pahani hai. is prakar dak tikatoan ke bare mean jan kar sanpoorn vishv mean mahatma gaandhi ke prati samman v adar ke bhav ko asani se samajha ja sakata hai.
- svatantrata ke bad sanh 1948 mean mahatma gaandhi par dedh ana, sadhe़ tin ana, barah ana aur das rupaye ke moolyoan mean jari dak tikatoan par tatkalin garvanar janaral chakravarti rajagopalachari ne gavarnament haus mean sarakari kam mean prayukt karane hetu ‘sarvis’ shabd chhapava diya tha, jisaki alochana ke bad kisi ki smriti mean jari dak tikatoan ke oopar ‘sarvis’ nahian chhapa jata. un tikatoan ko turant nasht kar diya gaya. par in do-tin dinoan mean jari 'sarvis' chhape char dak tikatoan ke set ka mooly durlabhata ke chalate aj tin lakh rupaye se adhik hai.
- bhootan dvara jari plastik ka dak tikat, maikronesiya ka 'lidar aauf tvailth seanchuri dak tikat', manavadhikar ghoshana ki chalisavian varshagaanth par domenika ka gaandhi tikat, jisamean gaandhi ji ko 'martin loothar kiang, elbart aianstin aur roozavelt ke sath dikhaya gaya hai.
- dakshin amerika ka 10 tikatoan ka set jisamean neharoo, gaandhi aur patel shamil haian.
- 1979 mean bharat mean jari kiya gaye dak-tikat mean bapoo ko bachche se sneh karate hue darshaya gaya hai. yah chitr mahatma gaandhi ka bachchoan ke prati prem ko darshata hai.
- sal 1978 mean gaandhi ji ki 30vian puny tithi ke avasar par 'mali' (pashchimi afrika) ne dak tikat jari kiya. isake 10 sal bad 1988 mean shrilanka ne bhi gaandhi ji par dak tikat jari kiya. kee deshoan ne unaki 50vian punyatithi par bhi dak tikat jari kie. 20 julaee 1997 ko shikago sarakar ne ek postamark bhi jari kiya. yah tisara mauqa tha jab gaandhi ji ke nam par amerika mean postamark jari kiya gaya. sal 1972 mean brajil aur 1978, 1986 mean jarmani ne bhi gaandhi ji par dak tikat jari kie the.
- bharat ki svatantrata ki 50vian varshagaanth ke mauqe par gaandhi ji phir se dak tikatoan par chha ge. is mauqe par turqamenistan, venezuela, bhootan aur kyooba ne bharat ko sammanit karane ke lie gaandhi ji par dak tikat jari kie.
- aishvarya ray ke sath mahatma gaandhi ka koee mel ho sakata hai yah sochana atapata lagata hai, lekin sanh 2008 mean dakshin aphrika ke dvipiy desh gini ne gaandhi ji par jo dak tikat jari kiya hai, usaki miniyechar shit mean prishthabhoomi mean aishvarya ray hai aur amukh par mahatma gaandhi pan. javahar lal neharoo se batiyate dikh rahe hai. mahatma gaandhi ka ek aur vichitr prastutikaran afrika mahadvip ke hi desh baruandi ne kiya. yahaan ki sarakar ne 2007 mean mahatma gaandhi par dak tikat jari karane ka nishchay kiya. isake lie jo miniyechar shit banaee gee usamean parivar sahit gaandhi ji ko dikhane ke chakkar mean mahatma gaandhi ke sath iandira gaandhi, rajiv gaandhi aur rahul gaandhi ke chitr shamil kiye gaye hai.
| left|30px|link=mahatma gaandhi aur vishv|pichhe jaean | dak tikatoan mean mahatma gaandhi | right|30px|link=mahatma gaandhi ki mrityu|age jaean |
chitr vithika
| bharatiy dak tikatoan mean mahatma gaandhi |
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| videshi dak tikatoan mean mahatma gaandhi |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
- dak tikatoan mean gaandhi
- dak tikatoan mean mohan se mahatma tak ka saphar
- gaandhi : dak tikatoan me
- mere sangrah se: gaandhiji
- dak tikatoan mean mohan se mahatma tak ka saphar
- dak tikatoan ki duniya mean bhi chhaya hai bapoo ka jadoo
- sanyukt rashtr mean bapoo par dak tikat
sanbandhit lekh
