महात्मा गाँधी तथा सत्याग्रह

mahatma gaandhi vishay soochi

mahatma gaandhi    parichay    shiksha    afrika mean gaandhi    dharmik khoj    gaandhi aur satyagrah    asahayog andolan    golamej sammelan    gaandhi aur vishv    dak tikatoan mean mahatma gaandhi    mrityu    itihas mean sthan    mahatma gaandhi aur charakha    arthik-samajik unnati ke pakshadhar

mahatma gaandhi tatha satyagrah
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poora nam	mohanadas karamachand gaandhi
any nam	bapoo, mahatma ji
janm	2 aktoobar, 1869
janm bhoomi	porabandar, gujarat
mrityu	30 janavari, 1948
mrityu sthan	nee dilli
mrityu karan	hatya
abhibhavak	karamachand gaandhi, putalibaee
pati/patni	kastooraba gaandhi
santan	harilal, manilal, ramadas, devadas
smarak	rajaghat (dilli), birala haus (dilli) adi.
parti	kaangres
shiksha	bairistar
vidyalay	banbee yoonivarsiti, samaladas k aaulej
sanbandhit lekh	gaandhi yug, asahayog aandolan, namak satyagrah, bharat chho do andolan, daandi march, vyaktigat satyagrah, savinay avajna andolan, khilafat andolan

san 1914 mean gaandhi ji bharat laut aye. deshavasiyoan ne unaka bhavy svagat kiya aur unhean mahatma pukarana shuroo kar diya. unhoanne agale char varsh bharatiy sthiti ka adhyayan karane tatha svayan ko, un logoan ko taiyar karane mean bitaye jo satyagrah ke dvara bharat mean prachalit samajik v rajanitik buraiyoan ko hatane mean unaka anugaman karana chahate the. is dauran gaandhi ji mook paryavekshak nahian rahe. 1915 se 1918 tak ke kal mean gaandhi ji bharatiy rajaniti ki paridhi par anishchitata se mandarate rahe. is kal mean unhoanne kisi bhi rajanitik aandolan mean shamil hone se iankar kar diya.

satyagrah andolan

pratham vishv yuddh mean briten ke prayasoan, yahaan tak ki bharat ki british fauj mean sipahiyoan ki bharti ka bhi samarthan kiya. sath hi vah british adhikariyoan ki uddandata bhari harakatoan ki alochana bhi karate the tatha unhoanne bihar v gujarat ke kisanoan ke utpi dan ka mamala bhi uthaya. faravari 1919 mean r aaulekt ekt par, jisake tahat kisi bhi vyakti ko bina muqadama chalae jel bhejane ka pravadhan tha, unhoanne aangrezoan ka virodh kiya. gaandhi ji ne satyagrah andolan ki ghoshana ki. [[chitr:Porbandar-Gujarat-22.jpg|thumb|250px|left|kathiyava d rajakiy parishad mean abbas taiyab ji, mahatma gaandhi, maharaja natavarasianh ji, thakkar bapa- 1928]] isake parinamasvaroop ek aisa rajanitik bhoochal aya, jisane 1919 ke basant mean samooche upamahadvip ko jhakajhor diya. hiansa bh dak uthi, jisake bad british netritv mean sainikoan ne amritasar mean jaliyaanvala bag ki ek sabha mean shamil logoan par goliyaan barasakar lagabhag 400 bharatiyoan ka mar dala aur marshal l aau laga diya gaya. isane gaandhi ji ko apana rukh badalane ke lie prerit kiya, lekin ek sal ke bhitar hi vah ek bar phir ugr tevar mean a ge. unaka kahana tha ki british adalatoan tatha skool aur k aaulejoan ka bahishkar karean tatha sarakar ke sath asahayog karake use poori tarah apang bana dean. [[chitr:30-January-Marg-Delhi.jpg|thumb|250px|30 janavari marg, dilli, jahaan gaandhi ji ko goli mari gee]]

gaandhi ji ne varsh 1917-1918 ke dauran bihar ke chamh‍paran namak sh‍than ke khetoan mean pahali bar bharat mean satyagrah ka prayog kiya. yahaan akal ke samay garib kisanoan ko apane jivit rahane ke lie zaroori khady fasalean ugane ke sh‍than par nil ki kheti karane ke lie zor dala ja raha tha. unh‍hean apani paidavar ka kam moolh‍y diya ja raha tha aur un par bhari karoan ka dabav tha. gaandhi ji ne us gaanv ka vish‍trit adhh‍yayan kiya aur jamiandaroan ke viruddh virodh ka ayojan kiya, jisake parinamash‍varoop unh‍hean giraphtar kar liya gaya. unake karavas mean dale jane ke bad aur adhik pradarshan kie ge. jalh‍di hi gaandhi ji ko chho d diya gaya aur jamiandaroan ne kisanoan ke paksh mean ek kararaname par hash‍takshar kie, jisase unaki sthiti mean sudhar aya.

maian to ek aise rashtrapati ki kalpana karata hooan jo naee ya mochi ka dhandha karake apana nirvah karata ho aur sath hi rashtr ki bagador bhi apane hathoan mean thame hue ho. -mahatma gaandhi

is saphalata se prerana lekar mahath‍ma gaandhi ne bharatiy sh‍vatantrata ke lie kie jane vale anh‍y abhiyanoan mean sath‍yagrah aur ahiansa ke virodh jari rakhe, jaise ki 'asahayog aandolan', 'nagarik avajna aandolan', 'daandi yatra' tatha 'bharat chho do aandolan', gaandhi ji ke prayasoan se aant mean bharat ko 15 agast, 1947 ko sh‍vatantrata mili.

r aaulekt ekt qanoon

[[chitr:Raj-Ghat-Delhi.jpg|thumb|250px|mahatma gaandhi smarak, rajaghat, dilli|left]] gaandhi ji ke is ahvan par r aaulekt ekt qanoon ke virodh mean bambee tatha desh ke sabhi pramukh nagaroan mean 30 march 1919 ko aur 6 aprail 1919 ko h datal huee. h datal ke din sabhi shaharoan ka jivan thapp ho gaya. vyapar band raha aur aangrez afasar asahay se dekhate rahe. is h datal ne asahayog ke hathiyar ki shakti poori tarah prakat kar di. sanh 1920 mean gaandhi ji kaangres ke neta ban gaye aur unake nirdesh aur unaki prerana se hazaroan bharatiyoan ne british sarakar ke sath poorn sambandh-vichchhed kar liya. hazaroan asahayogiyoan ko british jeloan mean thooans diya gaya aur lakhoan logoan par sarakari adhikariyoan ne barbar atyachar kiye.

british sarakar ke is damanachakr ke karan log ahiansak n rah sake aur kee sthanoan par hiansa bh dak uthi. hiansa ka is tarah bh dak uthana gaandhi ji ko achchha nahian laga. unhoanne svikar kiya ki ahiansa ke anushasan mean baandhe bina logoan ko asahayog aandolan ke lie prerit kar unhoanne 'himalay jaisi bhool ki hai' aur yah sochakar unhoanne asahayog aandolan vapas le liya. ahiansak asahayog aandolan ke phalasvaroop jis svarajy ko gaandhi ji ne ek varsh ke aandar lane ka vada kiya tha, vah nahian a saka. phir bhi log aandolan ki viphalata ki or dhyan nahian dena chahate the, kyoanki asaliyat mean dekha jae to is ahiansak asahayog aandolan ko jabaradast saphalata hasil huee. usane bharatiyoan ke man se british topoan, sanginoan aur jeloan ka khauf nikalakar unhean nidar bana diya, jisase bharat mean british samrajy ki nianv hil gayi. bharat mean british shasan ke din ab ine-gine rah gaye. phir bhi abhi sangharsh kathin aur lamba tha. sanh 1922 mean gaandhi ji ko rajadroh ke abhiyog mean giraftar kar liya gaya. un par muqadama chalaya gaya aur ek madhurabhashi british jaj ne unhean chhah varsh ki qaid ki saza di. sanh 1924 mean apeandisaitis ki bimari ki vajah se unhean riha kar diya gaya.

left|30px|link=mahatma gaandhi ki dharmik khoj|pichhe jaean

mahatma gaandhi ki dharmik khoj

mahatma gaandhi tatha satyagrah

mahatma gaandhi aur asahayog andolan

right|30px|link=mahatma gaandhi aur asahayog andolan|age jaean

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

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shodh

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bahari k diyaan

• mahatma gaandhi sakshatkar vidiyo
• mahatma gaandhi bhashan vidiyo
• dak tikatoan mean gaandhi
• dak-tikatoan par bhi chhaye gaandhi ji
• dak tikatoan mean mohan se mahatma tak ka saphar
• gaandhi darshan ki prasangikata - prophsar mahavir saran jain

sanbandhit lekh

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suvyavasthit lekh|link=bharatakosh:suvyavasthit lekh