भारत की राजभाषा नीति -कृष्णकुमार श्रीवास्तव
| chitr:Icon-edit.gif | yah lekh svatantr lekhan shreni ka lekh hai. is lekh mean prayukt samagri, jaise ki tathy, aank de, vichar, chitr adi ka, sanpoorn uttaradayitv is lekh ke lekhak/lekhakoan ka hai bharatakosh ka nahian. |
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- lekhak- krishnakumar shrivastav
kisi bhi svadhin sarvabhaum desh athava rashtr ka apana ek vyaktitv hota hai. isi vyaktitv ke adhar par usaka vishv samaj mean sthan hota hai aur usaki bhoomika hoti hai. yahi vyaktitv desh ke gaurav ka bhi adhar hota hai. kisi bhi desh ka vyaktitv usaki sanskriti, veshabhoosha, bhasha, karyakalap athava arthik vikas par nirbhar hota hai. hamara desh ek vishal desh hai. isake ek chhor se doosare chhor tak anek bhinnataean haian- sanskriti mean, veshabhoosha mean, bhasha mean tatha any kshetroan mean. parantu in bhinnataoan ke hote hue bhi ek spasht ekata hai, jisake adhar par ham vishv samaj mean apana sthan grahan karate haian. hamara rashtriy vyaktitv isi ekata ke adhar par ubharata hai aur isilie rashtriy vyaktitv ka vishesh mahattv hai. isi drishtikon se rashtriy star par ek apani bhasha ki avashyakata hai.
is prasang mean bhi hindi ko rajabhasha banae jane ke sanbandh mean bharat ke vibhinn rajyoan ke manishiyoan dvara kiye ge prayasoan ka ullekh karana chahooanga, kyoanki is bat ka mahattv tab tak hridayangam nahian kiya ja sakata, jab tak is disha mean kie ge anavarat parishram, udyog aur nishtha par vichar n kiya jae. svatantrata aandolan ke dinoan se hi bharat ke rashtriy netaoan aur karnadharoan ne yah anubhav kar liya tha ki svatantrata prapti ka tab tak koee mahattv nahian hoga, jab tak desh ki apani koee bhasha rashtrabhasha n ho. prashn yah tha ki is vishal desh mean jahaan anek samriddh aur prachin bhashaean prachalit hoan, vahaan kis bhasha ko rashtrabhasha ya rajabhasha ka darja diya jaye. oopar se yah samasya bhale hi jatil maloom hoti ho, kiantu sare bharatavarsh ko ek sootr mean pirone ki kamana karane vale aur bharatiy star par samasyaoan ka samadhan khojane vale sabhi rashtr neta, chahe ve kisi bhi pradesh athava kshetr ke rahe hoan, hriday se is tathy ko svikar karate the ki hindi hi aisi bhasha hai, jise desh ki rashtrabhasha athava rajabhasha ka gaurav pradan kiya ja sakata hai. bharat mean anek prachin bhashaean haian. har ek apane ap mean bahut samriddh aur desh ka gaurav hai. parantu hindi ek aisi bhasha hai, jisaka desh ke adhikaansh bhagoan mean prachalan hai. hindi bhashi kshetr tatha isake nikatavarti bhagoan mean to isaka prayog asani se kiya hi jata hai, par isake atirikt ahindi bhashi kshetroan mean bhi yah bhasha asani se samajhi aur boli ja sakati hai. hindi ki is vyapakata aur saralata ko dekhate hue sabhi manishiyoan ka dhyan isi ki or akrisht hota raha aur ise rajabhasha banae jane ke lie vichar vyakt kiye jate rahe.
is sadi ke doosare dashak mean marathi sahity parishad ne hindi ko rashtrabhasha ghoshit kiya tha aur lokamany balagangadhar tilak, daktar bhandarakar, ray bahadur chiantamani vidhayak vaidy adi marathi chiantakoan ne hindi ko prabal samarthan pradan kiya tha. hindi ki vyapakata tatha lokapriyata ko dekhate hue maharshi dayanand sarasvati ne 'satyarth prakash' ko hindi mean hi likha tatha apane bhashan bhi ve hindi mean hi diya karate the. hindi ke kshetr mean bapoo ka aanshadan to sarvavidit hi hai. 'dakshin bharat hindi prachar sabha' gaandhi ji ke hindi prem aur vishvas ka jivant udaharan hai. isake gathan ke lie unhoanne apane putr shri devadas gaandhi ko madras bheja tha. bangal ke manishiyoan ne hindi ke sarvavyapak tatha deshavyapi svaroop ko parakha aur samajha tha. raja ramamohan ray ne 1826 mean prakashit 'bangadoot' mean hindi ko sthan diya tha. isi prakar achary keshavachandr sen, eeshvar chandr vidyasagar, jastis sharadacharan mitr, sar gurudas chatarji, shri ramesh chandr datt adi pramukh chiantakoan ne hindi ke sarvavyapi svaroop ko pahachan kar usaki himayat ki thi.
rashtrapita mahatma gaandhi ne desh ki svatantrata aur utthan ke lie jahaan anek rachanatmak karyakram praranbh kie vahian unhoanne hindi ke prachar-prasar aur prayog ko bhi apane rachanatmak karyakramoan ka aang banaya. isake lie unhoanne tatkalin hindi ki sansthaoan ko sabal aur sudridh banane ka kary to kiya hi, dakshin bharat hindi prachar sabha, madras aur rashtrabhasha prachar samiti, vardha jaisi sansthaoan ki bhi sthapana karaee aur inake madhyam se ahindi bhashi kshetroan mean vyapak roop se hindi ke prachar ka abhiyan chalaya. unhoanne desh mean anek hindi pracharak taiyar kiye aur unhean yah mantr diya ki ve rashtr ki ekata aur samriddhi ke lie hindi ke shikshan, prachar aur prasar ka kary desh seva ka kary samajh kar karean.
hindi ke sanbandh mean apane vichar vyakt karate hue mahatma ji ne kaha tha-
'maian apane desh ke bachchoan ke lie zaroori nahian samajhata ki ve apani buddhi ke vikas ke lie ek videshi bhasha ka bojh apane sir par dhoean aur apani ugati huee shaktiyoan ka hras hone dean.........
unhoanne kaha-
duniya mean aur kahian aisa nahian hota. isake karan desh ko jo nukasan hua hai, usaki to ham kalpana tak nahian kar sakate, kyoanki ham khud us sarvanash se ghire hue haian. maian usaki bhayankarata ka aandaja laga sakata hooan, kyoanki maian nirantar karo doan mook, dalit aur pi dit logoan ke sanpark mean ata rahata hooan.
- gaandhi ji ne yah bhi kaha tha-
'agar hamare desh ka svarajy aangrezi bolane vale bharatiyoan ka aur unhian ke lie... hai to nissandeh aangrezi hi rajyabhasha ho ........ lekin agar hamare desh ke karo doan bhookhe marane valoan, karo doan nirakshar bahanoan aur dalit aantyajoan ka hai aur in sabake lie... hai to hamare desh mean hindi hi ekamatr rajabhasha hai.'
bapoo ji ki dharana thi ki kisi bhasha ko rashtrabhasha athava rajabhasha tabhi banaya ja sakata hai, jab usamean nimnalikhit gun vidyaman hoan-
1-us bhasha ko desh ke adhikaansh nivasi bolate hoan.
2-vah bhasha rashtr ke lie saral ho.
3-vah bhasha kshanik ya alp sthayi hitoan ke oopar nirbhar n ho.
4-us bhasha ke dvara desh ke paraspar dharmik aur arthik vyavahar nibh sakean.
5-vah bhasha rajy karmachariyoan ke lie saral ho.
unaki drishti mean uparyukt paanchoan gun hindi mean vidyaman rahe haian. at: unhoanne hindi ko desh ki rashtrabhasha banae jane ka satat prayas kiya. vastav mean svatantrata sangram ke dinoan mean hindi bolana aur hindi ka prayog karana ek gaurav aur pratishtha ki bat samajhi jati thi aur yah rashtriy ekata ki pratik thi.
mahatma gaandhi tatha any manishiyoan ne videshi bhasha ke sthan par bharatiy bhasha ki jo sankalpana ki thi vah sanvidhan nirmataoan ke man ko sadaiv aandolit karati rahi. sanvidhan sabha mean is vishay par bahasean huee aur aant mean 14 sitambar, 1949 ko yah phaisala hua ki rashtriy star par hindi ko hi rajabhasha banaya jae aur yah bhi vyavastha ki gee ki rajyoan ki vidhan sabhaean apane-apane rajy ki ek ya adhik kshetriy bhashaoan ko athava hindi ko apani rajabhasha bana sakati haian. kiantu sanvidhan nirmataoan ne un logoan ki kathinaiyoan ko drishti mean rakhate hue, jinhean pahale se hindi ka achchha jnan nahian tha, yah bhi vyavastha ki ki sanvidhan ke lagoo hone ke bad 15 varshoan ki avadhi tak aangrezi ka prayog hota rahega, taki is bich hindi ko prashasanik kary ke lie poori tarah saksham banaya ja sake aur dhire-dhire isaka prayog badhaya ja sake.
rashtrapati ji ke vibhinn adeshoan ke anusar hindi ka prayog vibhinn kshetroan mean dhire-dhire badhane laga. rashtrapati ji ne 1956 mean ek rajabhasha ayog ka gathan bhi kiya, jo rajabhasha ke pragami prayog ke vishay mean sipharish kar sake. 30 sadasyoan ki ek sansadiy samiti ne ayog ki sipharishoan par vichar kiya aur rashtrapati ke samaksh apani ray prastut ki. isake adhar par rashtrapati ji ne aprail 1960 mean hindi ke vikas tatha pragami prayog ke lie vistrit nidesh jari kie. usake bad saghan roop se rajabhasha ke vishay mean karravaee badhi. tab se prashasanik, vaijnanik, takaniki vishayoan ki lagabhag 4 lakh hindi shabdavali taiyar ki gee haian. isake atirikt 35 hazar shabdoan ke bhi hindi paryay taiyar kiye ge haian. vibhinn mantralayoan ne tatha upakramoan ne bhi apani-apani vishesh shabdavali banaee hai. anuvad ka bhi kary tezise shuroo hua. parinamasvaroop ab hindi mean paryapt matra mean kary vidhi sahity sulabh ho gaya hai, jisamean mainual, sanvida tatha farm adi shamil haian. hindi bhasha mean jinako jnan nahian tha, unako bhi prashikshit karane ka kram praranbh kiya gaya. ab tak sadhe char lakh ahindi bhashi karmachariyoan ne hindi ki vibhinn parikshaean pas ki haian. keandriy sarakar ke lagabhag 50 mantralayoan aur vibhagoan mean 80 pratishat se adhik karmachariyoan ko hindi ka kary sadhak jnan prapt ho gaya hai. inamean se bahut se apane sarakari kamakaj mean hindi ka prayog karane lage haian. isi prakar ashu lipikoan aur taipistoan ko bhi hindi mean kam ka prashikshan diya gaya aur lagabhag 35 hazar karmachariyoan ne hindi ashulipi evan hindi taipiang ki parikshaean pas kar li haian. isake alava bahut se aise log bhi haian, jo pahale hi se is kala ko janate haian. ye log bhi hindi mean kam kar rahe haian. is prakar keandriy sarakar ke karyalayoan mean hindi ka prayog karane ke lie avashyak adhar bhoomi taiyar ho gee hai aur hindi ka prayog bhi uttarottar kiya ja raha hai.
sanvidhan mean yah bhi vyavastha ki gee thi ki sansad yadi chahe to adhiniyam banakar 1965 ke bad bhi aangrezi ke prayog ki vyavastha kar sakati hai. tadanusar sansad ne 1963 mean rajabhasha adhiniyam parit kiya, jisake anusar sansad tatha sangh sarakar ke sabhi kamoan ke lie hindi ke sath-sath aangrezi ke bhi chalate rahane ki vyavastha ki gee hai. bad mean is adhiniyam mean kuchh aur bhi sanshodhan kie ge aur sarakar ne niyamavali bhi banaee. unake anusar keandr ke kuchh karyoan mean dvibhashikata ki sthiti shuroo huee. yah zaroori ho gaya ki keandriy karyalayoan ke kuchh pramukh dastavez jaise sankalp, samany adesh, niyam, adhisoochana, pres vijnaptiyaan, prashasanik riport, karar, teandar adi ko hindi aur aangrezi donoan mean jari kiya jae. kee aur kamoan mean bhi dvibhashikata anivary ho gee. keandr tatha hindi bhashi rajyoan ke bich paraspar hindi mean hi patr vyavahar karane ki vyavastha ki gee hai tatha jin rajyoan ne hindi ko apani rajabhasha ke roop mean nahian apanaya hai, unake sath aangrezi mean patr vyavahar karane ki bhi vyavastha ki gee hai.
mere vichar se yah sthiti jahaan ek or ganbhir chunauti hai, vahian doosari or rashtriy star par rajabhasha ke sabhi premiyoan ko hindi ki seva ke lie paryapt avasar pradan karati hai. kyoanki ek taraf to aangrezi ke anishchit kal tak chalate rahane ki vyavastha hai to doosari or anek kamoan ke lie hindi ka prayog anivary kar diya gaya hai tatha isake pragami prayog ki vyavastha hai. phir bhi yah samajhana bhool hai ki keval qanoon dvara hindi ko rajabhasha ghoshit kar dene se hindi vastavik roop se rajabhasha ban gee hai aur hamean ab aur kuchh nahian karana hai. yah doosari bhraanti hogi yadi ham samajhate rahean ki is sanbandh mean sabhi uttaradayitv keval sarakar par hi haian. isamean se pratyek nagarik ko aise upay karane haian, jisase aangrezi anishchit kal tak hindi tatha any bharatiy bhashaoan ke marg mean avarodh banakar n rahane pae. sath hi ham sabhi ko dridh sankalp hokar samarpan ki bhavana se hindi ke vyapak prachar-prasar ke kary mean jut jana chahie.
bhasha sarakar aur janata ke bich ek mahattvapoorn k di hoti hai. sarakar ki nitiyoan ko janata tak pahuanchane ka yah ekamatr madhyam hai aur in nitiyoan ko nishthapoorvak pratibianbit karana hi usaka vishisht dayitv hai. desh mean ganatantr ki j dean jitani gahari hoti ja rahi haian, utana hi prashasan sadharan janata ke nikat hota ja raha hai. at: sadharan janata mean prashasan ke prati astha utpann karane ke lie yah avashyak hai ki prashasan ka sara kamakaj janata ki bhasha mean ho, jisase prashasan aur janata ke bich ki khaee ko prabhavi dhang se pata ja sake.
is drishti se rashtriy star par hindi tatha kshetriy star par hindi athava any kshetriy bhashaoan ka vishesh mahattv aur unaki bhoomika hai. jahaan tak keandr ka sanbandh hai, is uddeshy ki poorti ke lie prativarsh varshik karyakram banakar usake madhyam se keandr ke karyalayoan mean rajabhasha hindi ka prayog badhane ke lie prayas kiye ja rahe haian. janata ke adhik sanpark mean ane vale 27 mantralayoan mean hindi salahakar samitiyaan banaee gee haian, jinake adhyaksh mantrigan hote haian. inamean sansad sadasy, hindi ke vishisht vidvanh tatha mantralay ke varishthatam adhikari shamil hote haian. yaantrik sadhanoan dvara bhi hindi ka prayog badhane ke prabandh kie ja rahe haian. devanagari ke samany taip raitaroan ke utpadan mean to vriddhi ho hi rahi hai, sath hi ilaiktronik tatha ilaiktronik taiparaitaroan, telipriantaroan, kampyootaroan adi ke utpadan par bhi jor diya ja raha hai. in sabhi vyavasthaoan ke parinamasvaroop sarakari karyalayoan mean hindi ke prayog mean kafi vriddhi huee hai.
yah prasannata ki bat hai ki vibhinn mantralayoan aur isake karyalayoan ke atirikt sarakari nigamoan, nikayoan tatha pratishthanoan adi mean hindi ka prayog dhire-dhire badhata ja raha hai. janata se sanpark rakhane vale, relave, dak-tar, rediyo, dooradarshan, raksha jaise b de-b de sarakari vibhagoan evan baiankoan tatha sarakari upakramoan ne hindi mean kary karane mean ruchi lena praranbh kar diya hai. is sanbandh mean rashtrabhasha prachar samiti, vardha; nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi; dakshin bharat hindi prachar sabha, madras; hindi sahity sammelan, prayag; keandriy sachivalay hindi parishad, nee dilli evan desh bhar mean phaili isaki vibhinn shakhaoan ne tatha aisi hi any svaichchhik sansthaoan ka prayas prashansaniy hai.
ek bat dhyan dene yogy hai. prashasan ke kamakaj mean hindi ka prayog prem, protsahan tatha prerana ke adhar par kiya jana chahie. hamean yah nahian bhoolana chahie ki ahindi bhashi kshetroan ke adhikaansh logoan ki shiksha apani matribhasha athava aangrezi ke madhyam se huee hai. at: is sanbandh mean kisi prakar ka dabav svayan hindi ke lie ahitakar siddh ho sakata hai.
yah bat bhi mahattv ki hai ki shasakiy kamakaj mean prayukt hindi saral aur samriddh honi chahie. sarakari paripatr, chitthiyoan, tippani adi ki bhasha aisi honi chahie, jise sadharan hindi janane vala vyakti bhi saralata se samajh sake. aangrezi tatha vibhinn kshetriy bhashaoan ke bahuprachalit shabdoan ka prayog karane se katarana nahian chahie, kyoanki isase n keval hindi bhasha samriddh hogi, apitu vah any pradeshik bhashaoan ke adhikadhik samip ho sakegi, jo bhavatmak ekata ki pushti se atyant mahattvapoorn hai.
samagrata se dekha jae to yah kary bahut b da hai aur 36 varshoan ki azadi ke bad bhi hamara lakshy kafi door hai. parantu nishtha, prem v sadabhavana ke sath age badhane par saphalata avashy milegi. isi mean rashtr ka gaurav, samman aur vyaktitv nihit hai.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
| kramaank | lekh ka nam | lekhak |
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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