देश की सामासिक संस्कृति की अभिव्यक्ति में हिन्दी का योगदान -डॉ. राजकिशोर पांडेय
| chitr:Icon-edit.gif | yah lekh svatantr lekhan shreni ka lekh hai. is lekh mean prayukt samagri, jaise ki tathy, aank de, vichar, chitr adi ka, sanpoorn uttaradayitv is lekh ke lekhak/lekhakoan ka hai bharatakosh ka nahian. |
- lekhak- d aau. rajakishor paandey
bharatiy sanvidhan ke 351vean anuchchhed mean hindi ke svaroop evan usake lakshy ke sanbandh mean vichar karate hue kaha gaya hai ki vah apani prakriti mean hastakshep kie bina hindustani aur ashtam soochi mean ullikhit any bharatiy bhashaoan ke roop, shaili aur padavali ko atmasat karate hue mukhyatah sanskrit se aur gaunatah any bhashaoan se shabd grahan karegi aur desh ki samasik sanskriti ke sabhi tatvoan ka madhyam hogi. sanvidhan mean hindi ke svaroop evan lakshy ke sanbandh mean jo kalpana ki gee hai, vah hindi ki mool prakriti ke anukool hai. hindi sanskrit, prakrit aur apabhransh ke us roop ki uttaradhikariyani hai, jisaka prayog is desh mean aantapraanrtiy vyavahar ke madhyam ke roop mean ho raha tha. ek pramukh sanpark bhasha hone ke ke karan isaka sanbandh desh ki bhashaoan ke sath, un videshi bhashoan k sath bhi ho raha hai, jo videshi logoan ke agaman ke phalasvaroop is desh mean aee. is karan isake shabd bhandar ke nirman evan svaroop ke vikas mean in bhashaoan ka mahatvapoorn yogadan hai. roop nirman ki drishti se hindi sanyogatmak se viyogatmak avastha ki or agrasar ho rahi hai. isamean sanskrit ke ganoan, lakaroan, vibhaktiyoan, evan pratyayoan ki klisht paranpara nahian hai. any bhashaoan ke sanpark ke karan hindi mean vibhinn bhashaoan ke shabdoan ko atmasath karane ki pravritti nahian hai. sanskrit is desh ki prachin bhasha hai. vah hindi evan desh ki adhikaansh bhashaoan ki janani hai. sanskrit is desh ke dharm, sanskriti evan chiantan ki paranparaoan ki pratik hai. desh ki saanskritik ekata evan sthirata mean sanskrit ka mahatvapoorn yogadan hai. vibhinn vishayoan ki abhivyanjana ki isamean shakti hai. desh ke ary parivar ki hindi, u diya, bangala, asamiya, gujarati adi bhashaoan ke shabd bhandar mean sanskrit ke shabd prachur matra mean pae jate haian. dravi d parivar ki bhashaoan - telugoo, tamil aur malayalam ka shabd bhandar bhi sanskrit se paryapt prabhavit hai. bharat ki sabhi bhashaoan mean sanskrit shabdoan ki bahulata ke karan hindi ke shabd bhandar mean aise shabdoan ki ek lanbi soochi hai, jinaka prayog tatsamh tatha tadbhav roop mean desh ki sabhi bhashaoan mean hota hai. musalamanoan evan yooropiy jatiyoan se sanpark ke karan bahut se videshi shabd hindi mean ae aur hindi desh ke vibhinn kshetroan mean prayog ke karan vibhinn bharatiy bhashaoan ke shabdoan ko hindi shabd bhandar ne atmasath kiya. desh ki any bhashaoan ke mukabale mean tamil se hindi apekshakrit door ki bhasha samajhi jati hai, kiantu donoan bhashaoan ke shabd bhandar mean saik doan shabd saman haian. udaharanarth, tamil mean prayukt hone vale manamh, kavyamh, rajaniti, ashirvadamh, kulam, upadeshamh, yuddhamh, jalamh, vishamh, pustakamh, vimanamh, samayamh, divyamh, vivadamh, videshi, min adi shabdoan ko liya ja sakata hai. tamil mean prayukt hone vale aise shabdoan ki sankhya bhi paryapt hai, jo hindi mean prayukt hone vale shabdoan se milate julate haian. udaharanarth, boomi (bhoomi), poojai (pooja), variya (bhaanya), danamh (dhan), viduvan (vidvan), stanamh (sthan), ratriri (ratri), lavamh (labh), mittay (mithaee) adi shabdoan ko liya ja sakata hai.
vibhinn bhashaoan ke shabdoan ka apanane ke karan hindi ka shabd bhandar samriddh hua hai. apani isi prakriti ke karan hindi desh ki vibhinn bhashaoan ke shabdoan ke sath sath aangreji, pharasi, arabi adi bhashaoan ke shabdoan ko bhi apana saki hai. sahity mean is pravritti ke sanket hindi sahity ke itihas ke praranbh se hi paya jata hai. praranbhik yug ke mahakavy prithviraj rasoan mean pharasi shabdoan ka prayog prachur matra mean hua hai. bhaktikal mean kabir adi sant kavi jo paranpara virodhi the, unaki bhasha mean to pharasi shabdoan ka prayog hua hi hai, tulasi jaise paranparavadi bhakt kaviyoan ne garib, nevaj, dam jaise shabdoan ka prayog kiya hai. ritikal ke kaviyoan ki rachanaoan mean pharasi shabdoan ka prayog bahut hua hai. aisa lagata hai mili juli bhasha ka prayog us yug mean b de kavi ka lakshan ban gaya tha, jisake karan bhikhari das ko kahana p da ‘tulasi gang duvau bhe sukavin ke saradar, inake kavyan mean mili bhasha vividh prakar’.
apani isi prakriti ke karan hindi desh ki samajik sanskritik ki abhivyakti mean mahatvapoorn yogadan de saki he. isaka sanbandh kisi vishesh dharm, sanpraday ke logoan se nahian raha hai. isake sahity ki samriddhi mean desh ki vibhinn kshetr ke sahityakaroan evan vibhinn dharm aur jati ke vyaktiyoan ka yogadan hai.
isake ek hajar varshoan se hindi is desh mean vibhinn bhashabhashi praantoan ki pramukh sanpark bhasha evan dharmik, saanskritik evan vyaparik keandroan mean adan pradan ka madhyam rahi hai. hindi ke vyapak prasar ko drishti mean rakhakar akhil bharatiy star par apane vicharoan ke prasar ke lie vibhinn praantoan ke santoan, mahatmaoan evan sadhakoan ne hindi ka sahara liya. bangal ke siddhoan nath panth ke mahatmaoan evan soophi santoan ne kee shatabdiyoan poorv hindi ke madhyam se apane vicharoan ka prachar kiya. mahamahopadhyay hariprasad shastri dvara sanpadit bauddhagan-o-doha se pata chalata hai ki satavian shatabdi mean bangal ke siddh apane vicharoan ke prachar ke lie hindi ka prayog karate the. nath panth ke prasiddh mahatma gorakhanath (11vian shatabdi) ka janm uttar bharat mean hua tha ya dakshin mean, yah vivad ka vishay hai. kiantu poora desh inaka karyakshetr tha. inhoanne samooche desh ka bhraman kiya aur apane vicharoan ke prachar ke lie sanskrit ke sath hindi ka sahara liya.
hindi sahity ke praranbhik yug mean gahaninath, muktabaee, evan namadev adi maharashtr ke santoan ne marathi ke sath hindi mean bhi rachanaean ki aur desh ke vibhinn kshetroan ke soophi mahatmaoan ne apane vicharoan ke prachar ke lie hindi ko apanaya. masood, shekh pharibad aur boo ali kalandar jaise soophi santoan ki hindi rachanaean upalabdh haian. tajakiroan mean aise vritaant upalabdh hote haian, jinase pata chalata hai ki soophi sant arabi pharasi ke achchhe vidvanh hone par bhi dainadin vyavahar mean hindi ka prayog karate the. inake yahaan ayojit satsangoan mean sabhi jatiyoan aur sanpradayoan ke log sammilit hote the aur ye apane upadesh hindi mean dete the.
saanskritik samanvay ki drishti se hindi sahity ke praranbhik yug mean amir khusaro ka vishesh mahatv hai. pharasi ka b da kavi aur lekhak hone par bhi amir khusaro ne hindi mean bhi rachanaean ki. unhoanne vibhinn shailiyoan evan roopoan mean bolachal ki bhasha ka prayog kiya. unhoanne aisi gajalean likhi, jinamean pahali pankti mean pharasi tatha doosari pankti mean hindi hai. unhoanne barakha mean lay rakhane ki niti nikali evan kavvali mean anek rag gae. unhoanne paheli ke vibhinn roopoan aantarlapika, bahirlapika, mukari aur dosaravuna ki rachana ki. amir khusaro ne hindi mean rachana karake is desh ki ek bhasha ke lie jo prem pradarshan kiya vah unaki rashtriy bhavana ka ek aang tha. unhoanne apani pharasi masanaviyoan mean bharatavarsh, yahaan ke logoan aur vastuoan ka jo varnan kiya hai, usase unake haday mean is desh ke prati agadh prem vyakt hota he. unhone is desh ko apani matribhoomi ke roop mean dekha hai aur usaki mahatta kavarnan kiya hai. unhoanne bharatiy phooloan, nadiyoan evan striyoan se achchha batalaya hai. unhone bharatavarsh ko svarg ke roop mean chitrit kiya hai.
madhyayug mean kuchh mahatvapoorn saanskritik aur rajanitik karanoan se hindi ke prachar prasar ke sath usake aantapraanrtiy vyavahar ko bal mila. prachin kal mean dravi d desh mean utpann bhaktibhavana ne madhy yug mean aandolan ka roop grahan kiya. vibhinn pradeshoan ke achary mahatmaoan ne vridaanvan ko apane vicharoan ke prasar ka keandr banaya. krishna ki lilabhoomi hone ke karan vriandavan ka bhavanatmak mahatv tha. kiantu in mahatmaoan ne tyag pradhan bharatiy sanskriti ki raksha evan usaka mahatv sthapit karane ke lie jis yajn ka anushthan kiya tha, usake lie vyavaharik drishti se bhi sarvadhik upayukt sthan vridavan tha. un dinoan vridavan se kuchh hi mil ki doori par agara mean mugaloan ki rajadhani thi. rajanitik evan vyaparik drishti se mahatvapoorn hone ke sath yah nagar bhautikata pradhan nagarik sanskritik ka keandr tha. bharatiy sanskriti ke punarutthan ki drishti se vriandavan ko keandr banakar vibhinn sanpradayoan ke krishnabhakt mahatmaoan ne krishna ki lilaoan ke madhyam se jis jivan darshan ki abhivyakti ki, usake vyapak prabhav ka anuman rasakhan jaise muslim bhakt kaviyoan ke ‘manush hau to vahi rasakhan basauan braj gokul gaanv ke gvaran’ jaise udgaroan se lagaya ja sakata hai.
gosvami tulasidas jaise ramabhakti dhara ke kaviyoan, kabir jaise nirguniyoan santoan, aur jayasi jaise soophi mahatmaoan ne saanskritik punarutthan ke is anushthan mean mahatvapoorn yogadan diya. jati pati, ooanch nich ke bhedabhav ki nianda, dharm ke aandabarashoony roop ki pratishtha evan tyag pradhan saral jivan paddhati kapratipadan in santoan ki rachanaoan ka mool svar hai.
ahindi bhashabhashi kshetr ke bahut se kaviyoan evan mahatmaoan ne bhakti aandolan dvara pratishthit bharatiy jivan darshan ke is roop ko ujagar karane mean mahatvapoorn yogadan diya. maharashtr ke ekanath, tukaram, ramadas adi santoan evan lok gitakaroan ne hindi mean rachanaean ki, gujarat ke malan, arava, dayaram adi bhakt kaviyoan ne apani bhavana ki abhivyakti ke lie hindi ka sahara liya, bangal ke shasak husen shah ke ashrit kavi kutuban ne mrigavati namak premakhyanak kavy ki rachana ki aur bahut se hindi aur musalaman kaviyoan ne vidyapati ke lilaparak gito se prabhavit hokar ‘brajabuli’ mean radha krishna ki lilaoan ka varnan kiya, asam ke shankaradev aur narayan dev ne hindi mean bhaktiparak padoan aur panjab ke gurunanak, guru gobind sianh adi sikkh guruoan ne muktak evan prabandh kavyoan ke madhyam se bhakti bhavana ki abhivyakti ki.
madhyayug mean dakshin bharat mean hindi ke prachar prasar ko vyapak banane mean rajaniti paristhitiyoan ki mahatvapoorn bhoomika hai. dakshin bharat par khilaji evan tugalak shasakoan ke akraman ke bad bahut se sainik evan asainik adhikari, vyapari evan soophi sant uttar bharat se dakshin bharat mean ae. muhammad tugalaq ne sanh 1327 mean devagiri ko rajadhani banaya. kiantu usake poorv bhi usane dilli ke bahut se nagarikoan evan sarakari adhikariyoan ko dakshin bharat mean basane ko protsahit kiya.
dakshin bharat ke vibhinn bhashabhashi nagarikoan evan uttar bharat se ae hue vyaktiyoan ke bich parasparik adan pradan ki bhasha hindi thi. gulabarga, bijapur evan golakuanda ke shasakoan ke sanrakshan mean bahut se kaviyoan evan lekhakoan ke anek vidhaoan mean samriddh sahity ka nirman kiya, jisaki lipi to pharasi hai, kiantu bhasha hindi hai. yah sahity jo dakkhini sahity ke nam se jana jata hai, hindi sahity ki ek mahatvapoorn k di hai.
samasik sanskriti ki abhivyakti ki drishti se dakkhini sahity vishesh roop se ullekhaniy hai. dakkhini ke kaviyoan evan lekhakoan ne apani bhasha mean sanskrit ke tatsamh aur tadbhavoan roopoan ke sath sthaniy bhashaoan ke shabdoan muhavaroan evan lokoktiyoan ko apanaya. dakkhini mean telugu, marathi, evan kann d ke shabd paryapt matra mean upalabdh hote haian aur usamean bahut se aise muhavaroan evan lokoktiyoan ka prayog hua hai, jo sthaniy bhashaoan se anoodit haian. dakkhini ke adhikaansh sahityakar musalaman hai. kiantu unhean bharatiy riti rivajoan, hindoo tyauharoan evan hindoo paranparaoan ka achchha jnan tha. kaviyoan aur lekhakoan ne aisi upamaoan evan roopakoan ka adhik prayog kiya hai, jo bharatiy vatavaran ke haian. stri ki or se purush ke prati prem pradarshan sansar ko jiv ka maike aur paralok aur sasural ka roopak adi bharatiy sahity ki visheshataean dakkhini sahity mean dikhalaee p dati hai. dakkhini ke kaviyoan ne pharasi premakathaoan ke sath bharatiy prem kathaoan kavarnan apani masanaviyoan mean kiya hai aur gady lekhakoan ne panchatantr hitopadesh evan shukr saptati ki kathaoan ka anuvad kiya hai. golakuanda ke shasak muhammad kuli kutubashah ne hindoo tyauharo, riti rivajoan ka varnan atyant manoyog se kiya hai aur bijapur ke shasak ibrahim adil shah ne apani ‘navarasanama’ mean ‘sarasvati’ svachchh, suandari, mahaootam jat nirmal kahakar bagdevi ki stuti ki hai. dakkhini ke soophi lekhakoan ne dharm vishesh ke siddhaantoan ke khandan mandan se apane ko alag rakha hai. srishti khuda aur jiv ke varnan mean islam ki manyataoan ke sath sath bharatiy darshan ka bhi paryapt prabhav hai. kuchh soophi fakiroan ne gita ki bhaanti sharir ke bhitar poori srishti eeshvar ke virat roop ka darshan kiya hai. abidashah ke anusad dojakhakhh bahisht, khuda, muhammad aur pharishte sab is sharir mean haian. isamean soory, chandrama, tare, nadi, paha d haian isamean ashik mashuk donoan hai aur kaphir tatha musalaman ko kahian alag dhooandhane ke lie jane ki avashyakata nahian he. kee shatabdiyoan poorv dakshin bharat ke kuchh rajyoan mean prashasan ke kee kshetroan mean hindi ya hindustani ka prayog hota tha. hindi ke vyapak vyavahar ko dhyan mean rakhate hue dakshin ke kuchh musalaman shasakoan ne hindi ko rajabhasha ke roop mean pratishthi kiya. ‘tarikh pharishta’ ke anusar bahamani vansh ke sultanoan ke shasanakal mean qarib do sau varsho tak tatha bijapur aur golakuda ke kuchh shasakoan ke shasanakal mean hindi sarakari kamakaj ki bhasha thi. keral distrikt gajetiyar ke anusar 18vian shatabdi mean keral ke rajyoan ke prashasan mean hindi ya hindustani ka mahatvapoorn sthan tha. muslim rajyoan se patr vyavahar mean prashasan ki sahayata ke lie hindustani muanshiyoan ki niyukti ki jati thi. uparyukt gajeyir ke anusar kochin ke shasakoan evan tipoo sultan ke bich ek sandhi huee thi jis ke anusar kochin ke raja ke parivar ke sadasyoan ko hindustani sikhana anivary tha. ?
madhyayug mean vyapar evan udyog ke kshetr mean hindi kavyapak roop mean prayog hota tha. uttar aur dakshin bharat mean vyaparik sanbandh nirantar bana raha. dharmik evan saanskritik keandroan ki bhaanti vyaparik keandroan mean bhi vibhinn bhashabhashi vyaktiyoan ke bich vicharoan ke adan pradan ki bhasha hindi thi. dakshin mean muslim rajyoan ki sthapana ke bad uttar aur dakshin bharat ke vyaparik sanbandhoan mean aur adhik dridhata aee. ibnabatoota ke anusar terahavi shatabdi mean pashchimi samudratat par bahut se aise vyaparik keandr the, jahaan arab deshoan ke sath vyapar hota tha. un dinoan gho doan ke ayat mean b di vriddhi huee. arab se qarib das hajar gho de prati varsh dakshin bharat mean bikane ate the, jinaka mooly qarib baees lakh dinar hota tha. rajadhani banane ke bad daulatabad bharat ka ek b da vyaparik nagar tatha dakshin evan uttar bharat ke bich ayat niryat ka keandr ban gaya. keral distrik gajetiyar ke anusar travarakor ke rajaoan ne uttar bharat ke bahut se bunakaroan ko rajadhani mean basaya. unake vanshaj ab bhi kottar mean pae jate hai.
madhyayug mean desh ke dharmik evan saanskritik keandroan mean desh ke vibhinn kshetroan se ae hue evan sthaniy vyaktiyoan ke bich vicharoan ke adan pradan ki bhasha hindi thi. us yug mean rajanitik ekata n hone par bhi saanskritik ekata barabar vahi rahi. rameshvaramh, kanyakumari, kashi, dvarika, puri adi tirth sthanoan mean yatayat ke sadhan sulabh n hone par bhi desh ke vibhinn kshetroan se log b di sankhya mean ate the. keral ke shasakoan ne apane rajy mean uttar bharat se ane vale santoan mahatmaoan evan any yatriyoan ke nivas ke lie dharmashalaoan ka nirman kiya tha, jinhean ‘gosaee chavadi’ kahate the. gosaee chavadiyoan ke dhvansavashesh ab bhi keral ke vibhinn sthanoan mean pae jate haian. guruvayoor jaise dharmik sthanoan mean bahut se hindi janane vale dubhashiye rahate the, jo bahar se ane vale yatriyoan ki sahayata karate the.
hindi gitoan mukhyatah bhaktiparak gitoan ne hindi ke prachar, prasar mean mahatvapoorn yogadan kiya. kabir ki ‘sabadiyo’ vidyapati ke padoan, mira evan soor adi bhakt kaviyoan ke gitoan ko desh ke vibhinn kshetroan mean paryapt lokapriyata mili. bijapur ke shasak ibrahim ali adil ne (1580-1626) uttar bharat se bahut se sangitakaroan ko bijapur nimantrit kiya aur unake rahane ke lie navarasapur nam se ek nagar ka nirman karaya. adilashah svayan sangitashastr ka achchha janakar tha. usane ‘navarasanama’ nam se ek pustak ki rachana ki, jisamean kuchh pramukh ragaraginiyoan ke udaharan hindi mean die ge haian.
madhyayug mean hindi evan desh ki any bhashaoan mean natak bahut kam milate haian. islam mean anukaran ko kuphr manane ke karan natak lekhak evan manchan ko rajakiy sanrakshan prapt nahian hua. rangamanch ke atyadhik vyay sadhy hone evan rajyashray ke abhav mean us yug mean natak bahut kam likhe ge aur jo likhe ge ve bhi b de b de pustakalayoan ke bhasm hone ke karan nasht ho ge. kiantu lok natakoan ki paranpara bani rahi. uttar bharat mean ramalila evan krishnalila ke roop mean evan dakshin bharat mean yakshagan ke roop mean is prakar ke natakoan ki samriddh paranpara hai. daॅ. dasharath ojha ne apani pustak prachinabhasha natak mean aise darjanoan natakoan ka ullekh kiya hai, jo madhyayug mean ahindi bhashabhashi kshetroan mean likh ge. muslim akraman ke samay hindi bhashabhashi kshetr ke bahut mean likh ge. muslim akraman ke samay hindi bhashabhashi kshetr ke bahut se vyakti bhagakar nepal, asam aur bangal mean bas ge. unake dvara devagharoan mean jo natak khele jate the, unaki sthaniy bhasha mishrit hindi hai.
desh ke any kshetroan mean bhi madhyayug mean lokanatakoan ki rachana huuee. tanjaur ke raja shri shahaji ne sanh 1674 se 1711 mean ‘vishvatit vilas’ aur ‘radha vanshidhar vilas’ nam se do natakoan ki rachana ki. yakshagan shaili par likhe ge in hindi natakoan ka tanjor mean kee bar abhinay kiya gaya. ahindi kshetr mean likh ge is yug ke any natakoan mean guru govindasianh rachit ‘vichitr natak’ aur maharaj bhoopatidramall rachit ‘vidya vilas’ nam ke natak vishesh roop se ullekhaniy hai. ye donoan natak sanh 1700 ke asapas likh ge.
‘aandhr naty prakashika’ nam ke ganth se jnat hota hai ki unnisavai shatabdi mean aandhr pradesh mean bahut se aise natak samaj mean the jo hindi natakoan ka manchan karate the. shri ramachandrarav, jo bhim munpitnam ke nivasi the, unhoanne bhaktiparak natakoan ke manchan ke lie ‘bhakti vilasini’ samaj ki sthapana ki. unhian dinoan vishakhapattanam aur eloor mean kramashah jaganmitr samaj aur ‘aryanand hindoosamaj’ nam se do naty sansthaoan ka sangathan hua. eloor ke vamanabhatt joshi ne kee hindi natakoan ka saphalatapoorvak manchan kiya. kakinada ke sheshagirirav ne ‘shivaji charitr aur ‘peshavanarayan vadh’ nam se do hindi natakoan ki rachana ki. usi samay machhalipattanam ke purushottam kavi ne 32 hindi natakoan ka pranayan kiya.
in natakoan ne desh ki mili juli sanskriti ki abhivyakti mean mahatvapoorn yogadan diya. inamean suprasiddh pauranik ya aitihasik patroan ke charitr ko sthaniy paristhitiyoan ke parivesh mean prastut kiya gaya. bhasha evan lipi ki drishti se in natakoan mean vyapak prayog hai. hindi natak kosh ke sanpadak daॅ. dasharath ojha ne nepal evan asam mean likhit aise hindi natakoan ka ullekh kiya hai, jo baangla ya asamiya lipi mean likh ge aur jinaki bhasha sthaniy bhashaoan ke shabd bhandar se sanputit hai. aandhr pradesh ke purushottam kavi ke hindi natakoan ki lipi telugoo hai. inaki bhasha mean sanskrit, pharasi evan telugu ke shabdoan ka prayog udaratapoorvak kiya gaya hai.
unnisavian shatabdi ke hindi kshetr ke natakakaroan ne us sanskriti ki abhivyakti ka prayas kiya, jisaka janm hindoo musalamanoan mean melajol ke phalasvaroop madhyayug mean hua tha. kavi amanat krit ‘indrasabha’ aur bharateandu kut ‘ aandher nagari’ sadrish natakoan ne hindi urdoo mishrit bhasha mean naty rachana ko protsahan diya. in natakakaroan ne hindoo janata ko arab aur pharas ki sanskriti evan vicharadhara ka parichay karaya. inhoanne gulabakavali aur gulistaan bostaan ki kahaniyaan, laila majanooan, shiri pharahad ka adarsh prem, evan rustam soharab ki virata bharatiyoan ke samane rakhi. isi prakar unhoanne vikramadity ke nyay, harishchandr ki satyapriyata, savitri ka pativrat, shravan kumar ki pitri bhakti aur ram evan krishna ki jivan lila ke prasangoan ko aankit karake musalamanoan ke man mean bharatiy sanskriti ke prati anurag utpann karane ka prayatn kiya.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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