सूरीनाम देश और हिन्दी -सूर्यप्रसाद बीरे
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- lekhak- shri sooryaprasad bire
soorinam dakshin amarika ke uttar mean sthit ek desh hai, jisaki rajadhani paramaribo hai. paramaribo ka matalab hai phooloan ka shahar. kaha jata hai ki yah nam bhilaniyoan (red-iandiyan) dvara diya gaya hai. in logoan ki paranpara bharatiy mani jati hai, jisake karan unaki bhasha ke kuchh shabd sanskrit bhasha ke shabdoan se milate-julate haian. udaharan ke roop mean ‘‘matapika’’. yah ek prakritik sundar sthan hai jahaan bahut se log apani chhuttiyaan vyatit karate haian. yadi is shabd ke varn ko badal diya jae to shabd mool bharatiy devanagari shabd ban jata hai ‘‘matapita’’. is tarah se paramaribo ke sanbandh mean kaha jata hai ki yah ‘‘param brahm’’ ka apabhransh hai.
soorinam shabd ke sanbandh mean yah kaha jata hai ki ‘‘soorinam’’ nam ki bhilaniyo (red-iandiyan) ka yahaan samooh tha jisake karan soorinam nam p da. is shabd ki sanskrit shabd ‘‘soorinam’’ se tulana ki jae to do aksharoan ke her-pher se vah ‘‘vidvanoan ka desh’’ ho jata hai. is tarah se dekha jae to soorinam ke sthanoan adi namoan ke sanbandh mean itihasakaroan evan shodhakartaoan adi ke lie khoj tatha shodh ko ek sundar avasar hai. kuchh logoan ka kahana hai ki bhilani log soorinam ke prachin deshavasi ya red-iandiyan ya bhilani bharat ke paha di kshetroan ke adivasi haian. yah bat kahaan tak sahi hai, keval jaanch-p datal se ise achchhi tarah se jana ja sakata hai. soorinam desh ki sima charoan or se prakriti se ghiri huee hai. uttar mean atalaantik mahasagar hai. dakshin mean akaraee aur tumuhumuk paha d hai jo soorinam ko brajil desh se alag karate haian. poorab mean marobine nadi bahati hai jisase soorinam aur phreanch gayana vibhajit hote haian. pashchim mean koraantain nadi hai jo hamean (british) gayana se alag kar deti hai. soorinam desh ka kshetraphal halaiand desh se paanch guna b da hai. kuchh varshoan tak yah desh british raj ka upanivesh tha. kiantu ‘‘nee gaineee’’ ko soorinam mean halaiand ne badal liya. us samay nee gaineee halaiand ka upanivesh tha. halaanki british raj yahaan bahut din tak shasan n kar paya, phir bhi unaka prabhav kafi bana raha. isilie nigro ki bhasha sranaang toango mean 80 pratishat shabd aangreji bhasha ke hai. yahaan ki yatayat vyavastha iangalaiand ki tarah hai.
soorinam desh ki jalavayu ushnavalayik hai. mukhy roop se varsha hoti hai. soorinam desh ki do tihaee mitti paha di mitti hai. ek tihaee upajaoo mitti hai. is desh ko krishi-pradhan desh kaha jata hai. nikeri ilaka mean adhikaanshat: chaval (dhan) ki kheti hoti hai. is desh ka pramukh vyavasay kheti hai.
- soorinam mean hindi ka prayog
soorinam mean rahane vale bharatiy pray: uttar bharat se ae hue haian aur vishesh roop se uttar pradesh aur bihar pradesh ke nivasi haian. yahaan ki pramukh bhashaean hiandi, urdoo, panjabi, bangali, gujarati aur marathi haian. ye sabhi bhashaean yooropiy bhasha varg ki haian. hindi ko paanch pramukh bhagoan mean vibhajit kiya jata hai. paha di rajasthani, pashchimi hindi, poorvi hindi aur bihari. in bhasha kshetroan mean kee boliyaan haian. soorinam mean hindustani pravasi log mukhy roop se bhojapuri aur avadhi boli bolate the. in boliyoan ke atirikt adhikaansh bharatiy mool ke log jo soorinam mean bas ge the uttar bharat ki sarvajanik sanpark bhasha kh di boli bhi janate the. kh di boli ke alava urdoo ka bhi prayog hota tha.
vastav mean bharatiy pravasiyoan ke apasi sanpark ke karan unaki sabhi bhashaean mishrit hokar vishisht prachalit hindi boli jati hai. sahity aur adhyapan ke prabhav se hindustani ya urdoo (muslim) aur samany uchch-hindi (hindoo) jyadatar manak bhasha ka roop dharan karane lagi. vartaman samay mean is bhasha ka prayog bhashan, patr, soochana adi mean shuddh hindustani ya saral uchch hindi ke roop mean hota hai. bolachal ki bhasha mean sthaniy bhashaoan ka bhi prabhav a gaya hai. gayana p dosi desh se pashchimi praant nikeri mean aangreji ka prabhav bhi p da hai. isi mean ek boli sranaang toango hai jise nigro iangalish bhi kaha jata hai. vastav mean adhikaansh bharatavanshi hone hone ke karan unaki bolachal ki bhasha soorinam ki dharati par vikasit huee hai jise ‘‘saranami hindi’’ kaha jata hai aur ab vah keval saranami se jani jati hai. hindi ke alava bahut se bharatavanshi sranaang toango bhi bolate haian. vishesh roop se purush varg aur yuva varg hindi ke atirikt yah bhasha achchhi tarah se bolate haian. parivar mean yuva varg pray: saranami ka hi prayog karata hai.
paramaribo rajadhani mean bharatavanshiyoan dvara hindi ke atirikt dach bhasha ka adhik prayog kiya jata hai. kuchh aise parivar haian jahaan hindi samajhi nahian jati. ye parivar bahut samay pahale se hi paramaribo mean base hue haian. ab kee bharatavanshi hindi sikhane ki koshish kar rahe haian.
- desh aur nivasi
yahaan duniyaan ki qarib sabhi jatiyaan rah rahi haian – amareandyan (red-iandiyan ya bhilani), nigro, hindustani, jabi (iandoneshiyan), bush-nigro, chini, libanish (yahoodi) parivar, yooropiyan adi. 1980 ki janaganana ke anusar 39 pratishat hindustani, 35 pratishat nigro, 18 pratishat iandoneshiyan, shesh 8 pratishat any jatiyaan haian. is prakar soorinam desh keribiyan kshetr mean sab se vishamaroopi samaj hai. kee jatiyoan ke sath-sath yahaan kee sanskritiyaan aur kee bhashaean bhi haian. isaki kul abadi lagabhag char lakh hai. is char lakh mean jo bhashaean boli jati haian ve haian – dach, sranaang, toangoan, hindi (saranami hindi), urdoo, javi, chini, aangreji, bushanigroan ki kee bhashaean, red-iandiyan ki kee bhashaean adi. sansar mean shayad koee aisa desh ho jahaan itani abadi mean itani sari bhashaean boli jati hoan.
- bharatavanshi samaj
aj se yadi 110 varshoan ke bharatavanshiyoan ke itihas par prakash dala jae to yahi pata chalata hai ki hamare poorvajoan ne yahaan ki jamin ko abad kiya, bhoomi par kheti ki aur soorinam mean shaanti tatha pragati ke sath apana jivan aranbh kiya. isi tarah se aphrika tatha eshiya ke any apravasiyoan ne bhi is desh ki unnati aur vikas mean yogadan diya.
sanh 1873 ee0 mean bharatavanshi poorvajoan ne soorinam desh mean apana pratham pag rakha. pratham jahaj jo aya tha vah tha ‘‘lalarukh’’ jisamean 410 log the. samudr ke raste se ane ke karan 11 logoan ki mrityu ho gee thi. kul yog jo pratham bar the 399 is jahaj ‘‘lalarukh’’ ne 4 joon 1873 ko soorinam nadi mean pravesh kiya tha aur 5 joon ko hamare poorvajoan ne apana pair is desh ki dharati par rakha. anek kathinaiyoan aur sankatoan ke bich apane poorvajoan ne aj bhi dharm, sanskriti, bhasha adi ko surakshit rakha hai. itihas batata hai ki sanh 1873 ee0 tak pray: 56 varshoan tak kisi n kisi roop mean hindi ke adhyayan-adhyapan ki vyavastha sarakari vidyalayoan tatha svaichchhik sansthaoan mean nirantar chalati rahi, kintu sanh 1929 se ab tak pray: 55 varshoan mean hindi ke adhyayan-adhyapan ka kary sarakari vidyalayoan mean band ho gaya aur keval svaichchhik sansthaoan ke dvara hi kuchh kam hota hai.
- prachin hindi sahity
yadyapi kee poorvaj padhana-likhana janate the kintu unaki likhi pustakoan ka prakashan nahian ho saka. us samay soorinam desh mean hindi mudran ki koee vyavastha nahian thi. hamean kee paandulipiyaan dekhane ko milian jinamean n to adi ke prishth mile aur n hi aant ke. is tarah se kee paandulipiyaan nasht ho geean. ek hi poorvaj ki do pustakean chhapi haian muanshi rahaman khan: jnan prakash. sanh 1954 is pustak mean muanshi rahaman khan svayan apane bare mean likhatean haian:–
doha –
kamishnari ilahabad mean zila hamirapur nam.
bivaanr thana hai mera mukam bharakhari gram.. 1
siddhi niddhi vasu bhoomi ki varsh eesvi pay.
mas shatru tithi terahavian – dach gaiyana[1] ay.. 2
giramit kati paanch varsh ki kothi rustam lost.
sardar raheooan vahan bis varsh lo liche manayar horst.. 3
agni vyom ik khand bhueean eesvi ay.
mas varg tithi terahavian giramit biti bhay.. 4
khet ka nambar char hai deik phelt mam gram.
surinam desh mean vas hai rahamanakhan nijanam.. 5
letarakendakh[2] svarn pad dinh kvin yuliyan.
ajaroo amar dampati harahaian prens deany bhagavan.. 6
svarn padak doojo diyo mil sannutul jamat.
yah barakat hai dan ki ki vidya khairat.. 7
iti varg grah soory ki hai eesvi varsh.
mas bhoomi tithi roodr ko pooran kinh saharsh.. 8 [3]
isi mean rahaman khan ka ek not diya hua hai aur usamean likhate haian in donoan upadhiyoan ka vritaant meri banaee doha shikshavali namak pustak mean padhiye. jo sanh 1953 ee0 mean chhap chuki hai.
muanshi rahaman khan apani doosari pustak doha shikshavali prishth 4 mean likhate haian –
donoan upadhiyoan ke jalasoan ka bayan
hardik kotish: dhanyavad hai us sarvashaktiman sarvavyapi sarvapriy jagadadhar param-priy pita paramatma ko, ki jisane apani prabhuta se sari srishti ko utpann karake apani prabhutaee dikhalaee, dikhala raha hai aur dikhalavega. ki jis dinanath ki param kripaluta se aj mujhe mere param pyare aankh ke sitare rajy ke dulare, shriyuth mahamany, mahoday gavarnar klashash ji sahab bahadur ke kamalasvaroopi charanoan ke darshan prapt hue, ki jisako pakar maian apane ko ahobhagy samajhata hooan aur meri sarv manokamanaean poorn hueean aur netr tript hue.
amin. amin.. ravvul alamin...
- doha –
bismimallah kahikar pratham sumir pak rab nam.
ladhu kavita sevak kahaian chho d moh mad kam.. 1
nij pyare shri lard ko karooan pranam kar jor.
eesh kvin ka yash kahooan sunahian ap siramaur.. 2
kshamiyoan lekh bhool ho ap garib nivaj.
kripa drishti nit rakhiyoan tum rakshak maharaj.. 3
pratham jahaj ke sanbandh mean muanshi rahaman khan apani doha shikshavali mean pady ke roop mean is prakar varn karate haian. (prishth 16 mean)
(surinam – dach gaiyana mean bharatavasiyoan ki avaee)
- doha –
gun yasar sidhi avani ki varsh eesvi jan.
mas shastr tithi tatv ko yahaan ayo jalayan.. 1
- chaupaee
yahi varsh tarikh mahina. pahanchche ay shahar paramari.. 2
pratham jahaj yahi yahan ayo. bharatavasi lay basayo.. 3
dui jati bharat se aye. hindoo musalaman kahalaye.. 4
rahi priti donahuan mean bhari. jas dui bandhu ek mahatari.. 5
sab bidhi bhoopati kinh bhalaee.
dukh aroo vipati mean bhayo sahaee.. 6
hilamil kar nishivasar rahate.
nahian anabhal koee kisi ka karate.. 7
badhi as donahuan mean priti. mil gaye dal bhat ki riti.. 8
khan piyan sab sayahanvai. nahian bidhn koee karaj hovai.. 9
sab vidhi karean saty vyavahara. jas pad hoy karean satkara.. 10
is tarah se keval muanshi rahaman khan ki rachanaean hamean prachin sahity ke roop mean prapt hoti haian. aur jo sahity poorvajoan ke sanbandh mean upalabdh haian vah eesaee mishanari shri d aau. si. je. em. deklarak dvara dach bhasha mean vivechan kiya hai.
1. d imikhasi dar hindostanan en soorinam
(arth: soorinam mean hindustani ka apravas)
isi eesaee mishanari ne ek doosari pustak bharatiyavanshiyoan ke dharm aur unaki riti-rivaj apane shodh prabandh ke roop mean likhi hai.
(1951) dach ka nam is prakar hai:
‘‘kalsas en rituvail phan hat ortod aausaks hindesm’’
aangreji bhasha mean jahaan tak meri janakari hai keval do pramukh granth haian jinamean poorvajoan ke dharohar ke bare mean varnan milata hai. pratham hai d aau. je. di. spekamann jinhoanne soorinam mean bharatiyoan ke vivah aur rishte-nate ke sanbandh mean aangreji mean likha hai: marriage and kinship among the indians in suriname.
doosare haian d aau. urshabudh ary jinhoanne bharatiyoan ke lokagit par aangreji mean apana shodh prabandh likha hai : ritual songs and folks songs of the indians in suriname (1968).
bharatiy mool ke shiromani d aau. jnan hansadev adhin ne 1953 mean hindi-dach shabdakosh ka sangrah kiya jisake prakashak hai ‘‘vidya pustak sadan, paramaribo.’’ svargiy shri em.e. gulajar ne bhi 1966 mean dach ke madhyam se hindustaniyoan ki bhasha ko sikhane ki ek pathyapustak ka nirman kiya. ap dach bhasha adhyapak, bharatavanshiyoan ki bhashaoan ke prasiddh anuvadak rahe haian. soorinam ki dharati par vikasit bharatavanshiyoan ki bolachal ki bhasha ‘saranami’ (hindi) par d aau. jnan hansadev adhin ji ki roman lipi mean saranami hindustani ki vartani ka prastav kiya tha jisaka prakashan 1964 mean paramaribo mean hua tha. is prakar soorinam mean hindi apana sthan banae hue haian.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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| kramaank | lekh ka nam | lekhak |
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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