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jammoo-kashmir rajy chhota bharat hai. yahaan anek bhashabhashi log rahate haian. yahaan kee ilake aise haian, jahaan barph pighalane ka nam hi nahian leti to kee ilake aise bhi haian, jo garmiyoan mean tapaman ki drishti se desh ke kisi bhi garm kshetr ki yad dilate haian. mukhyataya rajy mean jo pramukh bhashaean evan boliyaan boli jati haian, ve haian- urdoo, hindi, kashmiri, dogari, bauddhi (laddakhi), balti, panjabi evan gojari (paha di). inamean bhi tin pramukh bhashaean kashmiri, dogari aur laddakhi rajy ki tin ikaiyoan ki tin pramukh bhashaean haian. yah ek vidanbana hai ki urdoo rajy ke kisi bhi vyakti ki matribhasha n hote hue bhi poore rajy ki sanpark bhasha hai aur sath hi rajabhasha bhi hai. .... aur padhean
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bharat ke uttar mean lagabhag 500 mil ki lambaee mean poorab se pashchim tak phaila nepal jahaan apani naisargik sushama aur sanpada ke lie 'eshiya ka svitajaralaiand' kaha ja sakata hai, vahian apane shaury evan virata tatha saanskritik chetana ke lie himalay ki god mean pala yah rashtr himalay ki hi tarah eshiya ka sajag prahari bhi kaha ja sakata hai. is rashtr ne apani sajagata ka parichay barahavian shatabdi se hi dena shuroo kar diya tha, jab bharat par pashchim se lagatar akramanoan ka naya daur praranbh hua tha. tab se lekar bharat mean aangrezi rajy ki sthapana tak anek hindoo rajaoan jaise harisianh dev, bharat mean aangrezi upanivesh ke viruddh l dane valoan, jaise tatya tope, begam hajarat mahal adi pramukh vyaktiyoan ka sharanasthal bhi yah desh raha hai. .... aur padhean
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