हिन्दी साहित्य और सामासिक संस्कृति -डॉ. कर्ण राजशेषगिरि राव
| chitr:Icon-edit.gif | yah lekh svatantr lekhan shreni ka lekh hai. is lekh mean prayukt samagri, jaise ki tathy, aank de, vichar, chitr adi ka, sanpoorn uttaradayitv is lekh ke lekhak/lekhakoan ka hai bharatakosh ka nahian. |
- lekhak- d aau. karn rajasheshagiri rav
sanskriti brahm ki bhaanti avarnaniy hai. yah atyant vyapak aur ganbhir arth ka bodhak hai. nrivijnan mean sanskriti ka arth ‘samast sikha hua vyavahar’ hota hai arthat ve sab batean jo ham samaj ke sadasy hone ke nate sikhate haian. is arth mean sanskriti shabd paranpara ka paryay hai. sharir aur atma ki bhaanti sabhyata evan sanskriti jivan ki do bhinn preranaoan ko vyakt karatian haian. sabhyata jivan ka roop hai. sanskriti usaka sauandary hai. sabhyata ka arth hai -samaya. samaj mean rahane ki yogyata arthat samajik samata, jo samajik vidhi nishedh par jor deti hai. sabhyata = sabha+kri shabd se bana hai, jisaka mukhyarth sabha mean baithane ki yogyata hai. sabha mean shishtachar ka palan kiya jata hai. sabhyata ka sanbandh nagarikata se bhi hai. sanskriti shabd adhik vyapak hai. aur vishuddhi ka dyotak hai. krishti ka uddeshy bhi bhoomi ki prakritik avastha ko shuddh karana hi hai. sanskriti bauddhik vikas ki avasthaoan ko soochit karati hai aur sabhyata ka parinam sharirik aur bhautik vikas hai. sanskriti ka arth samyak kriti aur sanbhooy kriti bhi hai. manushy vyashti ke roop mean samyak kriti karata hai. aur sanghashah sanbhooy kriti karata hai. yoan manushy jivan ke do pahaloo hote haian - ek vaiyaktik aur doosara samajik jivanashh. in donoan prakar ke jivanoan mean samyak kriti karani hai. jaisi prakriti hoti hai vaisi pravritti hoti hai, jaisi pravritti hoti hai vaisi sabhyata badalati rahati hai. sabhyata ke anukool sanskriti parinat hoti hai. sanskriti ka sanbandh mukhyatah manushy ki buddhi, svabhav, man pravrittiyoan se hota hai. pandit neharoo ne apani pustak ‘bharat ki khoj’ mean sanskriti aur sabhyata ka aantar yoan spasht kiya hai ;‘samriddh sabhyata mean sanskriti ka vikas hota hai aur usase darshan, sahity, natak, kala, vijnan aur ganit vikasit hote haian. yoan sanskriti bauddhik unnati ka paryayavachi hai aur sabhyata bhautik vikas ka samanarthi hai. sabhyata bahy kriyatmak roop hai, sanskriti vicharadhara ka parinam hai.’
bharat ki apani vishisht sanskriti hai. yah j d evan aparivartanashil hai. ‘bha’ ka arth hai prakash. ‘bharat’ ka arth hai prakash mean rat arthat dattachitt hokar anushthan karane se sanprapt sanskar-sanpannata. yahi bharatiy sanskriti hai. bharatiy sanskriti ko samagrata me hiandoo sanskriti se samikrit kiya ja sakata hai. hamara agrah yahi hai ki hiandoo sanskriti is desh ki sabase pradhan aur vyapak sanskriti hai. manav jivan ke vibhinn pahaluoan ka jo vyapak chitr hianduoan ke sahity mean upalabdh hota hai vaisa kisi doosari jati ya dharm ke sahity mean nahian. yah ek vishal saanskritik dhara hai, jise anek upadharaoan me pusht evan sampann kiya hai. isalie yah abhanak lok me prasiddh hai ki ‘sanskrite sanskriti rasti’ iti. yah rrishioan aur muniyoan ki sanskriti hai. isake pravah me shaq, hoon, yavan, pathan, mugal, arab sabane apani apani upadharaoan ke jal milae phir bhi puny bhagirathi ki tarah isaki mool dhara avichchhinn hai. sabhi jal ek ho gaya hai. isamean pashchim ka virat pravah bhi a mila hai aur isamean sama paya hai. yoan bharatiy sanskriti samajik sanskriti ka jvalant udaharan hai.
hindi
siandh nadi ko siandhu kahate the. usake asapas ki bhoomi ko ‘siandhu’ kahate the. hiandi shabd ka sanbandh sanskrit shabd ‘sindhu’ se mana jata hai.[1] yah siandhu shabd eerani mean jakar hindoo aur phir hind ho gaya or isaka arth hua - siandh pradesh. ‘hind’ shabd dhire dhire bharat ka paryayavachi shabd ban gaya. isi mean eerani ka ‘eek’ pratyay lagane se ‘hindik’ bana hai jisaka arth hai ‘hind ka’. hindi ‘hindik’ ka tadbhav roop hai jisaka arth hai ‘hind ka’. yoan yah visheshan hai jo sanjna ke roop mean bhasha ke arth mean prayukt hota hai. bhasha ke roop mean hindi ke vastavik astitv mean ane ka samay 1000 ee. mana jata hai. yoan sahastr varsho ki vipul sahity rashi hindi mean vidyaman hai. jaise sanskrit prachin kal mean bharatiy sanskriti ki vahak rahi, janm sanskar se mrityu sanskar tak ke vidhi nishedhaparak sanskaroan ki madhyam rahi, vaise hi bharat-bharati hindi adhunik bharatiy jivan ki gatividhiyoan ki vahak rahi hai, isamean koee sandeh nahian. hindi sahity mean bharatiy janajivan ke anek pahaluoan ka vividh evan vayapak chitr upalabdh hota hai. hindi sahity mean upalabdh visheshataoan ka ullekh roman lipi mean likhit ‘hindoo’ shabd ke hijje ke aksharoan ke adhar par kiya jata hai. ve visheshatayean nimn prakar haian:-
| H | History | itihas |
| I | Individual | vyakti |
| N | Nature | prakriti |
| D | Divinity | divyata |
| U | Unity | samanvay |
bharatiy sahity mean ukt visheshataoan ka ullekh paya jata hai, kyoanki shatabdiyoan se madhy pradesh ki sanskriti parilakshit hoti hai, jo ‘loke chav bede ch’ roop mean vaidik dhara ke roop mean evan laukik dhara prachin kal se bharat mean chalati a rahi hai jo bharat ki any bhashaoan ke sahity mean mukharit hai.
1 - itihas
isaka arth hai ‘aisa hi tha’ ya aisa hi hua. itihas mean atit ka ullekh hota hai. aur yatharth ghatanaoan ka samavesh kiya jata hai. vaidik vicharadhara hi vastavik bharatiy sanskriti hai. rajashekhar ki drishti mean ramayan aur mahabharat itihas ke antargat ate haian. puranoan mean prachin akhyanoan ki visheshata rahi hai. ramayan mahakavy hai jo karmapradhan hai ‘mahabharat’ itihas hai, jo jnan pradhan hai. bhagavat puran hai jo bhakti pradhan hai. ye tino bharatiy sahity ke upajiv kavy haian jinamean bharatiy kaviyoan ne apane vishay ke lie evan kavy shaili ke lie satat sphoorti grahan ki hai aur aj bhi kar rahe haian. tulasi krit ‘ramacharitamanas’ samanvay ki virat cheshta hai. sabalasianh chauhan nean doha chaipaiyoan mean mahabharat ka anuvad kiya tha. ‘jay bharat’ mahabharat ki katha ki hindi roopaantar hai. ‘soor sagar’ sanskrit bhagavat ka avikal anuvad nahian hai. yoan bhagavat bharatiy sahity ke giti kavyoan aur pragati muktakoan ka akshay srot hai. bharatavarsh mean ramayan, mahabharat evan bhagavat ki katha lanbi avadhi tak chalati rahi hai. is vishay mean saanskriti paranparaoan ki akhandata evan sarvadeshikata ashcharyajanak hai. hindi ke bhakt kaviyoan ki sagun sadhana vaidikakal se pravahaman bhakti ka hi ek roop tha. avataravad ki kalpana ke sath sath bharat desh mean sagun bhakti ke vyapak bhakti-bhav ko sthan mil gaya hai. aur isake vibhinn roop aur prakar vikasit hone lage the. sant kavyadhara ke darshanik, saanskritik adhar anek haian, jinamean se pramukhataya ullekhaniy haian upanishad, shankar ka advait darshan, nath-panth, islam dharm tatha soophi darshan. santoan ke chiantan jivan darshan evan kavyadhara par upanishadoan ka vyapak prabhav hai. mulla daud, jayasi, kutuban, manjhan, usaman, shekh nabi adi soophi kaviyoan ke kavy tatha hindoo kaviyoan mean nandadas, narayanadas adi ki rachanayean, adhyatmik premakhyanak kavy paranpara mean pramukh haian. dakkhini hindi me bhi premakhyan kavy paranpara virachit akhyan kavy upalabdh hote haian. nijami mulla bajahi, gavasi, tabee adi dakkhini hindi ke pramukh kavi haian. ritikal mean vilasata poorn unmukt prem ki abhivyakti adhik huee thi. ritikal kaviyoan ne kavy ko shuddh kala ke roop mean svikar kiya. bharateandu yug ke kaviyoan mean hindi ke prati rashtr aur samaj ke prati atoot nishtha thi. dvivediyugin kavy saanskritik punaratthan, udar rashtriyata, jagaran sudhar evan uchchadarsh ka kavy hai. gupt ji ki khyati ka mukhy karan ‘bharat bharati’ hai, jisane hindi bhashiyoan mean jati aur desh ke prati garv aur gaurav ki bhavanaean uddipt ki hai. ‘kamayani’ mean manav sabhyata ke vikas ka manovaijnanik vishleshan hai. adhyatmik saty par pant ki astha bani huee hai, kiantu vah bhautik samritiddh ki anivaryata ko svikar karati hai. nirala mean punarjagaran ke prabhav ke phalasvaroop prachin bharatiy paranpara ke prati nishtha ka bhav hai. prasad ne keval bharatiy sanskriti ke gaurav gayan ke lie natakoan ki rachana ki thi. premi ji ne bharatiy itihas ke muslim ko apane natakoan ka mukhy vishay banaya aur hindoo muslim ekata par unaka dhyan adhik raha. chhayavadi kavita mean rashtraprem aur saanskritik garima ka chitran hua hai. mahadevi ki laukik sanvedanaean rahasyavad se sanbalit haian. pragativadi kavi jan jivan mean sauandary ki khoj karate haian. prayogavadi kavita laghu manav ki hinata evan mahatta ka chitran karati hai. nee kavita mean kshanoan, anubhootiyoan ka sachcha pratibianb hai. lok jivan ki or nee kavita unmukh hoti hai. pant krit ‘lokayatan’ mean svadhinata poorvottar bharatiy jivan ki baanki jhaanki hai. aj ki kavita mean jivan ki visham sanvedanaean evan bodh haian. isamean jivan ki vividh evan gahare roop aankit haian. yoan hindi sahity ke vikas mean keval yugin chetana ka vikas hi nahian varanh poorvavarti paranparaoan ka nyoonadhik yogadan raha hai.
2 - vyakti
vyashti aur samashti ka ghanishth sanbandh hai. isaka doosara roop hai manav aur manavata ka sanbandh. vyakti svarthi hai par pararth chiantan mean bhi laga rahata hai. manav apane jivan ka utsarg parivar ki bhalaee ke lie karata hai. parivar samaj ki bhalaee ke lie, samaj jati ki bhalaee ke lie, jati desh ki bhalaee ke lie tatha desh vishv ki bhalaee ke lie, vishv manavata ki bhalaee ke lie utsarg karata hai. manavata ka adhar hai karuna aur maitri. doosaroan ke duahkh ko dekhakar dukhi banana karuna hai, doosaroan ke sukhoan ko dekhakar sukhi banana maitri hai. hindi sahity ka itihas adi kal se hi manavata ka unnayak raha hai. adikalin sahity jan jivan ki anubhootiyoan se anupranit hai. yah bhi d ka sahity nahian hai. isamean ek or nari aur yuddh par adharit lokakavy ki pravrittiyaan haian, to doosari or ek svatantr jati ke ahankar ki bhavarashi hai. gorakh vani mean iandriy-nigrah, pran sadhana, vairagy, manah sadhana, shoony samadhi adi vyakgit sadhana ka varnan hai. in vishayoan mean niti aur sadhana ki vyapakata hai. nigurn bhakti mean guru ko mahatvapoorn sthan diya gaya hai. kabir ki drishti mean pandit vahi hai jisane prem ki dhaee akshar padh lie haian. sant kavy ka prarana srot tha - samany manav ka hit sadhan. atah sant kaviyoan ne samaj kalyan ka marg apanaya. vaishnav bhakti ka vaishishty anek roopoan mean hindi sahity mean pratibianbit hua. ‘ramacharitamanas’ mean vyakti aur samashti ka santulan dikhaya gaya hai. sooradas pushtivad ke unnayak the. tulasi ke ram shil, shakti aur sauandary ki pratimoorti the. soophi sadhana mean bhi guru ka mahatvapoorn sthan hai. saansarik prapach se oopar uthakar alaukik satta ki prapti ke lie sadhana ki avashyakata hoti hai. kam, krodh adi sab sadhana mean a dachanean dalate haian. muslim kaviyoan mean kuchh kavi soophi matanuyayi the. soophi sadhana ka vikas islam ke paridhan mean mana jata hai. soophiyoan ke lie tyag ka b da mahatv hai. tyag hi atmasamarpan ki bhavana ko utpann karata hai. phana mean sadhak ke gun, kary aur chetana eeshvar ke gun, kary evan chetana ka roop dharan karate haian. prastut yug mean ek navin manavatavadi drishtikon grihit hua, samany manav ke gaurav ki pratishtha pahali bar isi yug mean huee. chhayavadi kavy vyaktinishth aur kalpanapradhan hai. yah anubhooti ke star par manav matr ki ekata ki sthapana karane me samarth hua hai. ‘kamayani’ mean manushy ki anubhootiyoan, kamanaoan aur akakshaoan ki anek roopata ka varnan hai. chhayavadi kavy vyaktinishth hone ke sath samajikata se pratibaddh bhi raha hai. prem aur masti ke kaviyoan mean yatharth ki adhik sashakt abhivyakti mukharit huee hai. mahadevi ne sarvavadi darshan ko apanaya hai, jisamean lok kalyan ki bhavana nihit hai. pragativad vartaman jan jivan mean sauandary khojata hai. prayogavadi kavita mean hasonmukh madhyavargi samaj ka chitran hai. ye madhy varg ke vyakti ke man ke satyoan ka udrighatan karate haian. nee kavita ka nam svatantrata ke bad likhi gee kavitaoan ke lie roodh ho gaya. nee kavita jivan ke pratyek kshan ko saty manati hai. atah nee kavita mean kshanoan ki anubhootiyoan ka marmik chi़tran hai. aj ki kavita mean kuchh aur vidrohi pidhi ki kavitayean haian. aj ki kavita mean ek or vyaktigat pi da ka aankan hai, to doosari or vishamata ka vidroh karane ka akrosh bhi hai.
3 -prakriti
bharat bhoomi sujala evan suphala hai, atah sukhada evan varada hai. prakriti sanskriti ka mooladhar hai. prakriti tin gunoan se banati hai. ve haian - satv, raj evan tam. bharat satvik gun bhavana pradhan desh hai, atah yahaan ki sanskriti uchchatam evan sukhamay hoti hai. isi satvik gun ke karan bharat mean anant kal se adhyatmikata ka prachar evan prasar ho raha hai. upanishad ki avatarana is desh mean huee hai. yah rrishi muniyoan ki dharmabhoomi hai. bharatiyoan ne prithvi ko mata ka pad pradan kar adar bhav vyakt kiya hai. yoan use hamane garima pradan ki hai. isalie bharat ke samane natamastak hokar avanat hote haian. hindi sahity mean prakrit ke vibhinn svaroop ubhar aye haian. viragathakalin kavyoan mean ek or bhujaoan ko ph dakane vale viraras ki vyanjana hai, to doosari or shrangar ki sahaj sarasata dikhaee deti hai. kahian kahian dharmik pravrittiyoan ka satvik chitran bhi milata hai. rasokaroan ne prakriti ke ramaniy chitr prastut karake bhav chitran ko sauandary pradan kiya hai. vasant vikas mean stri purush prakrit tinoan mean prasphutit madonmattata ka chitran milata hai. premakhyan kavyoan mean prakriti ke vibhinn drishyoan evan rrituoan ka varnan hai. mira, rahim, rasakhan adi kaviyoan ki rachanaoan mean prakriti prem udatt bhoomi par milata hai. senapati ka prakriti varnan shuddh alamban ka varnan hai, jisamean prakritik upadan sajiv ho uthe haian. pratyek rritu mean uthane vale lok manas ke sahaj bhav chhandoan mean tarangit ho uthate haian. inake grishm evan varsha ke varnan suandar hi nahian varanh atyant prabhavashali bhi haian. vriand ne basant aur hemant rrituoan ka vishad varnan kiya hai. dvijadev ka prakriti prem svachhand hai. prakriti sauandary ka svachhandatapoorn varnan bharateanduyugin kavita ki aangabhoot visheshata hai. kiantu adhikatar kaviyoan ne paranpara nirvahan hi kiya hai. dvivedi yug mean prakriti svatantr roop se kavy ka vishay banian. is prakriti chitran mean prakriti sthoolata hai evan kalpana vaibhav ka abhav hai. phir bhi usamean tajagi hai, navinata hai. chhayavadi kaviyoan ne chetan srishti ke vividh roopoan ke sookshm nirikshan ka parichay diya hai. inhoanne prakritik chitran mean sookshm, sanshlisht evan navin udbhavanaean ki haian. inaki prakritigat drishti mean tajagi aur navinata hai. yahaan akar j d aur chetan ka dvait mit gaya hai. mahadevi ke anusar srishti ek asim saty ki sauandaryamayi abhivyakti hai, isalie srishti ke prati prem aur mool saty ke prati prem mean samanata hai. ‘lokayatan’ mean jahaan prakriti ke chitr aye haian, vahaan kavita bianbatmak evan rasasikt ho uthi hai. nee kavita mean prakriti ki rangamayata hai. yoan hindi ke kavi prakriti ke anek vidhi roopoan ke sath manushy jivan ke vibhinn svaroopoan ko chitrit karanean mean saksham rahe haian. unake pas prakriti ke sauandary ko grahan karane ki hi nahian, usase apani abhivyanjana ko samarth banane ki pratibha bhi vidyaman hai.
4- divyata
manushy ki vikasit avastha hai. jagat gatishil hai. vikas gati sapeksh hai. gati tin prakar ki hoti hai- adhah, oodhrv aur tiryak. adhogati ke liye parishram ki avashyakata nahian hai. any do gatiyaan sayas hoti haian. in do gatiyo ka vivechan hindi sahity mean hua hai. dev tin prakar ke hote haian - divy, apy tatha parthiv. manav mean in devoan ke aansh vidyaman haian. hath-pair adi iandriyaan parthiv devoan mean, man mati adi apy devoan mean tatha medha prajna adi divy devoan mean pariganit hote haian. pavitr man daivi kahalata hai. daivi man hi hamean divy buddhi ki or le jata hai. medha mahati shakti hai. isasean divyata atmasath hoti hai. vah prajna mean sthir ho jati hai. dev prakash ke premi haian. ve aandhakar se jyotirmay marg ki or chalate haian. dev amrit roop haian. dev ki visheshata divyata hai. aishvary eeshvar ka bhav hai. aishvary ke oopar divyata hai.. hindi sahity mean aishvary evan divyata ka ullekh anusyoot hai. madhy yug ke sant kavi eeshvar ki satta aur sarvashaktimatta mean atoot vishvas rakhate the. sant sanpraday vishvadharm hai. is vishvadharm ka mooladhar hai hriday ki pavitrata. premakhyan dhara ke kavi adhyatmik prem arthath eeshvariy prem ka varnan karanean mean kavi karm ki sarthakata manate the. soophi sanpraday mean atma sadaiv paramatma ki prapti ke lie vyakul rahati hai. is vyakulata mean eeshvar ka prem hi usaka ek matr sanbal hai. mira, rahim, rasakhan, senapati adi kaviyoan ki rachanaoan mean bhakti, eeshvar prem jis udatt bhoomi par milata hai, vah atyant durlabh hai. madhy yug mean ram, krishna evan shiv bhakti ka prachar b de utsah aur bhavana ke sath hua. mahadevi ne madhyakalin rahasy-sadhana ki paranpara ko svikar kiya aur yugabodh ke anuroop lok mangal ki bhavana ko svikar kiya. aur yugabodh ke anuroop lok mangal ki bhavana ko jo dakar ne ayam ka udghatan kiya. d aau. ramakumar varma ki rachanaoan mean sarvavadi chetana ko vyakt karane ka prayas dikhaee deta hai.
5-samanvay
bharatiy sanskriti mean samanvay ki virat cheshta parilakshit hoti hai. bharatiy sahity isaka apavad nahian hai. sant kavyoan mean samanvay drishti ka svasth roop se vikas hua tha. advaitavad, vaishnavadharm, siddhoan-nathoan ki saral sahaj sadhana adi ka samanvay inhoanne kiya tha. yah samanvay bhavana sarvasulabh hone ke karan samajik star par bhi sulabh grahy ban gee thi. soophi kaviyoan ne apane kavy ke madhyam se hindoo-muslim sanskritiyoan ke samanvay ka prayas kiya hai. kavy ke madhyam se bhavatmak ekata ka yah prayas hindi bhakti sahity ki sabase b di upalabdhi hai. ‘ramacharitamanas’ samanvay kavy hai. d aau. hajari prasad dvivedi ke shabdoan mean ‘usamean keval lokashastr ka hi samanvay nahian hai garhasth aur vairagy ka, bhakti aur jnan ka, bhasha aur sanskriti ka, nirgun aur sagun ka, puran evan kavy ka, bhavavesh evan chiantan ka samanvay hai. ‘ramaracharitamanas’ mean adi se aant tak do chhoroan par jane vali para-kotiyoan ko milane ka prayatn hai.’ chhayavadi kaviyoan ne bhautik evan adhyatmik sanskritiyoan ke samanvay ka yatn kiya hai, yahi nahian vyakti vyakti aur samaj mean samanvay ka prayas kiya hai. ramanaresh tripathi ne is saty ka udghatan kiya hai ki adhyatmikata aur samajikata ka samanvay jivan ke chaturdik vikas ke lie anivary hai. rashtriy kaviyoan mean bhagavadshakti aur lok kalyan ki bhavanaoan mean samanvay ka prayas dikhaee deta hai. nirala ne ‘ram ki shakti pooja’ mean ek aitihasik prasang ke dvara dharm aur adharm ke shasvat sangharsh ka chitran kiya hai. pant ne ‘svarnakiran’, ‘svarnadhooli’, ‘lokayatan’ adi paravarti kritiyoan mean bhautik vad aur adhyatmavad ka samanvay dhooandha hai. mahadevi ne anubhooti ko vichar se samanvit karane ka prayas kiya hai. ‘aansoo’ mean vyaktigat nirasha evan vishv vedana ka sudar santulan hai. ‘kamayani’ mean nari purush ka, dharm evan vijnan ka, shastr evan lok ka, hriday evan buddhi ka santulan aankit hai. dinakar ki kavita mean sanvedana aur vichar ka b da hi sudar samanvay dikhaee p data hai. siyaramasharan ki kavita mean karuna aur yatana ka samanvit roop ubhara hai. ‘unmukt’ adhunik sandarbh mean atyant mahatvapoorn kriti hai isamean yuddh aur tyag ka, yatana evan karuna ka samanvay hai. prem aur masti ke kavy mean vyakti-chetana evan ahan keandrit bhavana ka samanvay hai. prem ji ne apane natakoan mean hindoo-muslim ekata par bal diya hai aur donoan hridayoan ko ek doosare ke nikat lane ka prayas kiya hai.
nishkarsh
yoan hindi sahity sahityakaroan ki vyaktigat pratibha ke bal par, saanskritik evan sahityik paranparaoan ki bhitti par yugin paristhitiyoan, pravrittiyoan evan chetana se paripusht hokar, dvandv se prerit hokar gatishil hota aya hai, jisaka param lakshy santulan ke sthapar mean nihit hai. yah sach hai ki hindi madhy pradesh ki bhasha hai. parantu madhy pradesh ki bhasha hi bharat ki sarvabhaumik bhasha rahi hai. yah koti-koti janoan ki amutavani hai. phir bhi aj hindi ke tin roopoan ki charcha b de joroan par hai - rashtrabhasha, rajabhasha evan sanpark bhasha. par ashchary ki bat hai ki hindi ke kisi bhi roop ka aj tak sthirikaran nahian hua hai kyoanki rajaniti ka bhoot isaka pichha par raha hai. ajakal bhi is matr kshetriy bhasha siddh karane ka prayas kiya ja raha hai. gaandhi ji ka sapana tha-
ek rashtrabhasha hindi ho,
ek hriday ho bharat janani.
yoan hindi bharatiy hriyay ki vani hai. yah bharat bharati hai, jisamean bharatiy atma mukharit ho rahi hai. aandhr bharati, keral bharati, tamil bharati, kann d bharati adi bharatiy bhashaoan ki vani isamean mukharit ho yahi hamara dridh sankalp hona chahie. hinditar bhashaoan ki pustakoan ka anuvad lipyantaran sahit hindi mean ho to hindi paripusht hogi. yah rashtriy prashn hai, bhavatamak ekata ka prashn hai. sankalp shuddhi ka satvik parinam hi kriya siddhi hai. hamean is siddhi ki prapti ke lie, tan, man, dhan se prayatn karana chahie.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ d aau. bholanath tivari siandhu shabd ki vyutpati dravi d bhasha ‘chiandu’ ( uchhalana) se manate haian.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
| kramaank | lekh ka nam | lekhak |
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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