ख़्वाजा अहमद अब्बास

khvaja ahamad abbas
khvaja ahamad abbas|200px|center
poora nam	khvaja ahamad abbas
janm	7 joon 1914
janm bhoomi	panipat, hariyana
mrityu	1 joon 1987
mrityu sthan	muanbee, maharashtr
abhibhavak	gulam-us-sibatain aur masaroor khatoon
pati/patni	muztabi begam
karm bhoomi	mumbee
karm-kshetr	film nirdeshak, patakatha lekhak aur urdoo lekhak
mukhy filmean	naya sansar, nicha nagar, avara, shri 420, d aau. kotanis ki amar kahani, dharati ke lal, aj aur kal, sat hiandustani adi.
shiksha	bi.e., el.el.bi
vidyalay	aligadh muslim vishvavidyalay
puraskar-upadhi	padm shri, galib puraskar, film 'nicha nagar' ke lie aantararashtriy kans film samaroh mean palme di'or puraskar, filmapheyar puraskar
nagarikata	bharatiy
pustakean	iankalab, 'aee em n aaut ऍn ayalaiand: ऍn eksapairimeant in aauto bayografi'
any janakari	b aaumbe kr aaunikal mean ye lanbe samay tak bataur sanvadadata aur film samikshak rahe. inaka stanbh 'd last pej' sabase lanba chalane vale stanbhoan mean gina jata hai.

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khvaja ahamad abbas (aangrezi: Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, janm: 7 joon 1914 – mrityu: 1 joon 1987) prasiddh film nirdeshak, patakatha lekhak aur urdoo lekhak the. ve un kuchh gine chune lekhakoan mean se ek the, jinhoanne muhabbat, shaanti aur manavata ka paigam diya. ek patrakar ke roop mean unhoanne 'aligadh opiniyan' shuroo kiya. 'b aaumbe kr aaunikal' mean ye lanbe samay tak bataur sanvadadata aur film samikshak rahe. inaka stanbh 'd last pej' sabase lanba chalane vale stanbhoan mean gina jata hai. yah 1941 se 1986 tak chala. abbas ipta ke sansthapak sadasy the.

jivan parichay

khvaja ahamad abbas sahab ka janm 7 joon 1914 ko hariyana rajy ke panipat mean hua. ve 'khvaja gulam abbas' ke pote the jo 1857 ke vidroh ke shahidoan mean se ek the. unake pita 'gulam-us-sibatain' the jo unhean pavitr quran padhane ke lie prerit karate, jabaki 'masaroor khatoon' unaki maan thian. unake khanadan ka bakhan ayoob aansari tak jata hai jo paiganbar muhammad ke sathi the. apani praranbhik shiksha ke lie, abbas sahab 'hali muslim haee skool' gaye jise unake paradada yani prasiddh urdoo shayar khvaja altaf husain hali aur mirza galib ke shagird; dvara sthapit kiya gaya tha. panipat mean unhoanne 7vian kaksha tak adhyayan kiya, 15 varsh ki ayu hone par maitrik samapt ki aur bad mean, aligadh muslim vishvavidyalay se aangrezi sahity mean bi.e. (1933) aur el.el.bi (1935) poori ki. vah apane jivan mean adhikaansh karyoan mean saphal rahe the. unake sukomal premaprasang ke parinamasvaroop muztabi begam ke sath vivah ka ati suandar varnan unaki atmakatha 'aee em n aaut ailaiand' mean kiya gaya hai. yah ek saphal prem vivah tha. kaha jata hai ki unaki samast ullekhaniy upalabdhiyoan ke pichhe unaki patni ka b da tha. san 1958 mean patni ki mrityu ke uparaant akele rah gaye. [[chitr:Abbas saheb with Indira Gandhi.JPG|left|thumb|iandira gaandhi ke sath khvaja ahamad abbas]]

karyakshetr

abbas sahab ne jald hi ek patrakar ke roop mean apana kairiyar shuroo kar diya. unhoanne 'aligadh opiniyan' nam ki desh ki pahali chhatr-prakashit patrika shuroo ki. isase pahale unhoanne, turant apane bie ke bad, neshanal k aaul nam ke akhabar mean bhi kam kiya tha. sanh 1935 mean, aligadh muslim vishvavidyalay se bahar ane ke bad, ve b aaumbe kr aaunikal mean shamil ho ge jahaan unhean jald hi film vibhag ke sanpadak ke roop mean padonnat kar diya gaya. vahaan ve 1947 tak kam karate rahe. 1936 mean, ve b aaumbe t aaukiz ke part-taeem pablisist ke roop mean filmoan mean a gean jo himaanshu ray aur devika rani ki pr aaudakshan kampani thi. unhoanne 1941 mean apani pahali patakatha 'naya sansar' bhi isi kanpani ko bechi.

filmi safar

1945 mean khvaja sahab ka ek nirdeshak ke roop mean kairiyar shuru hua jab unhoanne ipta (iandiyan pipals thietar esosieshan) ke lie 'dharati ke lal' nam ki ek film banaee. yah 1943 ke bangal mean p de akal par adharit thi. 1951 mean, unhoanne 'naya sansar' nam ki apani khud ki kanpani khol li jo 'anahoni' (1952) jaisi samajik prasangikata ki filmoan ka nirman karane lagi. abbas sahab ki film 'rahi' (1953), mulk raj anand ki ek kahani par adharit thi jisamean chay ke baganoan mean kam karane vale shramikoan ki durdasha ko darshaya gaya tha. chetan anand ke lie 'nicha nagar' (1946) likhane se pahale, abbas sahab vi. shaantaram ke lie 'd aau. kotanis ki amar kahani' (1946) bhi likh chuke the. yah film khvaja sahab ki ek kahani 'eand van did n aaut kam baik' par adharit thi jise unhoanne, d aau. dvarakanath kotanis ke jivan par likha tha.

rajakapoor ke qaribi

khvaja sahab ne atisaphal film nirmata-nirdeshak rajakapoor ke sath ek lamba sath nibhaya aur 'avara' (1951), 'shri 420' (1955), 'jagate raho' (1956), 'mera nam jokar' (1972) aur 'b aaubi' (1973) jaisi unaki kee saphal filmean likhi. ar. ke. bainar ki film 'hina' (1991) jise ranadhir kapoor dvara nirdeshit kiya gaya tha; bhi abbas sahab ki ek kahani par adharit thi. abbas sahab ne raj kapoor ki film 'ram teri ganga maili', ki shuruat aur ant bhi likha tha. yah ek aisi bat hai jise bahut kam log janate haian. rajakapoor khvaja sahab ke qaribi the aur unhean 'meri avaz' bulaya karate the. unake apane jivan par bani film 'mera nam jokar' ke b aauks aaufis par phl aaup ho jane ke bad, rajakapoor vittiy sankat mean phans gaye the. abbas sahab ne, sirf is asadharan nirdeshak ki madad karane ke lie, apane siddhaantoan se samajhauta kiya. unhoanne ek masaledar kishoravastha ke romaans ki film 'b aaubi', likhi. yah ek suparahit film sabit huee aur raj kapoor phir se safalata ki lahar par savar ho gaye. lekin 'b aaubi' mean bhi, abbas sahab apane samajavadi drishtikon aur apane pragatishil vicharoan ko sthapit karane mean saphal rahe. unhoanne ise film ki vishay-vastu mean ropit kar diya. apani chamakadar satah se niche yah amir aur garib ke sangharsh ki kahani kahati hai. yah samajik vargabhed aur aantarajatiy vivah ki bat karati hai. halaanki abbas sahab bhi manate the ki unake aur rajakapoor ke kam karane ke aandaz mean kuchh fark zaroor tha. ve kaha karate, "agar maian raj kapoor ke lie likhi huee apani filmoan ko khud nirdeshit karata, to ve sabhi asaphal rahati." raj kapoor ke sath unaki jo di vyavasayik roop se saphal sabit hoti thian. raj kapoor ka drishtikon chizoan ko larjar-dain-laif dikhane ka raha hai. abbas sahab ki yatharthavad mean gahari j dean thian, lekin phir bhi raj kapoor ke lie unhoanne jitani bhi filmean likhi, un sabhi mean ek majaboot samajik mudda tha, chahe yah 'avara' ho ya 'shri 420'. unake lie sirf aur sirf film hi mahatvapoorn thian na ki usase ju de arthik labh. thumb|left|film 'dharati ke lal'

adbhut nirmata evan nirdeshak

sinema ki takat ka ehasas karane ki kshamata rachanatmak aur thos irade vale nirmata nirdeshakoan mean hi hoti hai. khvaja ahamad abbas ke lie sinema samaj ke prati ek katibaddhata thi. abbas ne is pratibaddhata ko poora kiya. ve sinema ko bahuvidha kala manate the jo manovaijnanik aur samajik vastavikata ke sahare logoan mean vastavik badalav ki akaanksha ko janm de sakati hai. rajakapoor ke filmi kairiyar mean abbas ka pramukh yogadan hai. abbas ne samajik, arthik aur rajanaitik sthitiyoan ke sanbandh mean apani bhavanaoan ko vyakt karane ke lie lokapriy madhyam sinema ka bakhoobi upayog kiya. abbas sinema ko ek uddeshyaparak madhyam manate the. samakalin samasyaoan jaise garibi, akal, asprishyata, saanpradayik vibhajan par unhoanne karara prahar kiya. 'shahar aur sapana' (1963) phutapath par jivan gujarane vale logoan ki samasyaoan ka varnan hai aur 'do booand pani' (1971) rajasthan ke marusthal mean pani ki vikaral samasya aur usake mooly ka varnan karata hai. 'sat hiandustani' mean saanpradayikata aur vibhajan ke dansh ko vyakt kiya gaya hai. gauratalab hai ki sat hiandustani sine star amitabh bachchan ki pahali film thi. 'd naksalait' naksal samasya ko ukerati hai. paiantis varshoan ke filmi kariyar mean unhoanne 13 filmoan ka nirman kiya. unhoanne lagabhag chalis filmoan ki kahani aur patakathaean likhian jinamean adhikatar rajakapoor ke lie haian. ve sinema ko manovaijnanik aur samajik vastavikata ka varnan karate hue logoan mean vastavik sthiti ko badalane ke lie akaanksha utpann karane ka b da sadhan manate the. abbas kee mayanoan mean advitiy the. 'shahar aur sapana', 'sat hiandustani', 'jagate raho' ya 'avara' unaki pratibaddhata ke anupam udaharan the. ek bar abbas ne kaha bhi tha ki unhoanne sinema ke sath har roop mean prayog kiya. abbas ne maltistar, rangin, gitayukt, vaid skrin film, bina git ki film aur sah nirmata ke roop mean ek videshi film ka nirman kiya. jab kabhi unhean avasar milata ve niyo rielijm (nav yatharthavad) ko majaboot karane se chookate nahian the. ve logoan mean akaanksha utpann karane ka pharmoola janate the. unake bina filmoan mean neharoo yug aur roosi lal topi ki kalpana nahian ki ja sakati. 'paradesi' roos ke sahayog se bani film thi.

bahuayami vyaktitv

thumb|film 'sat hiandustani' khvaja ahamad abbas jo na sirf filmoan, balki patrakarita aur sahity ke kshetr mean bhi bharat ke lie ek anamol ratn the. unaka bahuayami vyaktitv unhean ek film nirdeshak, upanyasakar, patakatha lekhak aur urdoo, hiandi evan aangrezi ka patrakar hone ki ijazat deta tha. unaka k aaulam 'last pej' (urdoo sanskaran - 'azad kalam') b aaumbe kr aaunikal mean 1935 mean shuroo hua aur 1947 ke bad se blitz mean chhapane laga. jahaan vah unaki mrityu tak jari raha. abbas sahab koee sadharan adami nahian the. ve ek jvalamukhi the. unake qaribi aur priyajanoan ke kanoan mean aj bhi unaki damadar avaz gooanjati hai aur unake diloan mean unaki yadoan ki tis chala deti hai. ali pitar j aaun kahate haian "jab maian unase pahali bar mila to ve mujhe ek sher ki tarah lage!". isake alava duniya unaki jis bat se tharrati thi vah tha unaka gussa. tinoo anand kahate haian "jab ve chillate the to divare kaanpane lagati thian." patrakarita mean bhi unaka kariyar 25 varshoan se adhik ka raha. unake lekhoan ka sankalan do kitaboan 'aee rait es aee phil' aur 'bed byooti eand rivolyooshan' ke roop mean kiya gaya hai.

"svachhand, spasht aur bhayamukt (fri, fraiank aur phiyaralais)" - "mujhe jo lagata hai vah maian likhata hooan. -khvaja ahamad abbas"

[[chitr:Abbas saab with Pandit Nehru.JPG|thumb|left|javaharalal neharoo ke sath khvaja ahamad abbas]]

neharooji se sanbandh

khvaja ahamad abbas tatha bharat ke pratham pradhanamantri pandit javaharalal neharoo chhatr jivan ke samay se mitr the. san 1947 mean desh vibhajan ke samay unaki maan sahit sabhi nikat sanbandhi pakistan chale gaye (pita ki mrityu 1942 mean ho chuki thi), lekin vah pakistan nahian gaye tatha unhean dangagrast panipat se bahar surakshit nikalane ke lie javaharalal neharoo ne vyaktigat roop se hastakshep kiya tha. inaki film 'munna' (1954) ko dekhane ke lie neharooji itane utsuk the ki unhoanne isaka ek priant dilli bhejane ke lie vishesh adesh de dala. isake bad pandit ji is film se itana prabhavit hue ki unhoanne isake bal-kalakar mastar romi se milane ki mansha bhi zahir ki.

amitabh bachchan ki nazar se

[[chitr:Amitabh-Bachchan-2.jpg|thumb|amitabh bachchan]] khvaja ahamad abbas jab apane jivan ke aantim dinoan mean ganbhir roop se bimar the aur arthabhav se joojh rahe the tab unhoanne apani film 'sat hindustani' ke adhikar utani hi rashi mean beche the jitani rashi unake ilaj ke lie zaroori thi. hiandi sinema ke mileniyam star amitabh bachchan ne apane blag mean abbas se ju di yadoan ko taja karate hue bataya ki abbas siddhaantoan par vishvas karane vale aise eemanadar vyakti the jinake man mean vyavasayikata apani j d nahian jama saki. vah doosaroan ke lie jine mean vishvas karate the. lekin kisi se apeksha nahian karate the. unaka dil bahut b da tha. unhoanne likha hai ki abbas itane svabhimani vyakti the ki jivan ke aantim samay mean bhi unhean kisi ki sahayata lena manjoor nahian tha. unase bhi nahian, jinhean abbas ne hi khoja tha aur ek pahachan di thi. big bi ke anusar, ganbhir roop se bimar aur arthabhav se joojh rahe abbas ne tab sat hindustani ke adhikar sirph utani hi rashi mean beche the jo unake ilaj ke lie zaroori thi. jabaki unhean achchhi rakam mil sakati thi. amitabh ne likha ki yah bat abbas ne kisi ko nahian bataee thi kyoanki unhean dar tha ki yah sun kar log unaki madad karane ke lie age aeange. yah unake siddhaantoan ke khilaf hota. vah keval apani mehanat ki kamaee par vishvas karate the. big bi pahali bar khvaja ahamad abbas se tab mile the jab unhean abbas ne apani film sat hindustani mean ek rol ke lie bulaya tha. yah film purtagaliyoan ke kabje se gova ko mukt karane par bani thi. un dinoan amitabh bachchan film jagath mean pair jamane ke lie sangharsh kar rahe the. blag mean amitabh ne likha hai ki tab abbas ka karyalay juhoo mean ek imarat ki chauthi manjil par tha. unhoanne likha hai ki sat hindustani ke bare mean to bahut kuchh likha gaya lekin us vyakti ke bare mean kam hi likha gaya jo sath kam karate karate hamara mamoojan ban gaya. big bi ne likha hai ki film mean maian bilkul naya kalakar tha lekin abbas ka vyavahar sabake lie ek saman tha. unake lie koee naya ya koee jana mana nahian tha. film ki shootiang ke lie poori yoonit tren ke tisare darje ke dibbe mean baith kar muanbee se gova gee thi. abbas bhi yoonit ke sath isi dibbe mean the. unake lie samajavad keval kitaboan aur adhyayan tak hi simit nahian tha balki vah us par amal bhi karate the. gova mean poori yoonit ek chhote se sarakari atithigrih mean rooki jahaan suvidhaean nahian ke barabar thian. rat ko lalaten ka istemal hota tha kyoanki vahaan bijali nahian thi. lalaten ki roshani mean hi abbas hathoan mean kagaz qalam le kar rat bhar patakatha aur sin ki taiyari karate, agale din shootiang hoti thi.

pustakean

thumb|abbas sahab ki atmakatha- 'aee em n aaut ऍn ayalaiand' abbas sahab ne paanch dashakoan ki avadhi mean 73 se adhik aangrezi, hiandi aur urdoo mean pustakean bhi likhian. unhean aj bhi urdoo sahity ki ek vilakshan pratibha mana jata hai. unaki sabase prasiddh kitab 'iankalab' rahi hai, jo saanpradayik hiansa ke mudde par chot karati hai. iankalab sahit unaki kee pustakoan ka anuvad kee bharatiy aur videshi bhashaoan jaise roosi, jarman, italavi, phreanch aur arabi mean kiya gaya hai. unaki atmakatha 'aee em n aaut ऍn ayalaiand: ऍn eksapairimeant in aauto bayografi' pahali bar 1977 mean prakashit huee aur phir 2010 mean ise punah prakashit kiya gaya.

samman aur puraskar

'shahar aur sapana' ke alava, abbas sahab ki do filmoan, 'sat hiandustani' (1969) aur 'do booand pani' (1972), ne rashtriy ekata par bani sarvashreshth fichar film ke lie naragis datt puraskar jite. 'nicha nagar' (1946) aantararashtriy khyati jutane mean kamayab rahi aur isane kans film samaroh mean palme di'or puraskar jita. doosari or 'paradesi' (1957) bhi isi puraskar ke lie namit hone mean saphal rahi. in sab padakoan aur puraskaroan ke alava, unhean 1969 mean bharat sarakar dvara padmashri se bhi sammanit kiya gaya. unako milean kuchh any puraskar thean: sahityik upalabdhiyoan ke lie hariyana stet rob aauf aaunar (1969), urdoo sahity mean unake yogadan ke lie galib puraskar (1983), urdoo akadami dilli ka vishesh puraskar (1984) aur maharashtr rajy ka urdoo akadami puraskar (1985).

nidhan

aantim dinoan mean, do-do dil ke aghatoan (hart-ataik) ke bavajood, abbas sahab apani film 'ek adami' (1988) ki dabiang ko jari rakhe hue the. yah film unaki mrityu ke bad pradarshit huee. ve kaha karate the, "film kisi bhi kimat par rukani nahian chahie." yah ek smriti hai jo aj bhi ali pitar j aaun ke dil ko kuredati hai. khvaja ahamad abbas sahab ka muanbee mean 72 varsh ki ayu mean 1 joon, 1987 ko nidhan hua. ve apane aantim dinoan tak blitj ke lie likh rahe the. abbas sahab ko bharat mean samanaantar (pairelal) ya nav-yatharthavadi (niyo-riyalistik) sinema ke rahanumaoan mean gina jata hai. ek patakatha lekhak aur nirdeshak ke roop mean, bharatiy sinema mean unaka yogadan vrihadh hai aur preranadayak bhi. ek patrakar ke roop mean unaki rashtravadi vicharak ki ek bhoomika aur dooradarshita ka koee sani nahian hai. sahity mean, urdoo ke ek pramukh lekhak ke roop mean unaki chhap amit rahegi. abbas sahab apane ap mean ek sansthan the aur jo jagah unhoanne hamare diloan mean banayian hai vah shabdoan ke pare hai. ve apane pichhe jo rachanaean chho d kar gaye haian, chahe filmean ho ya pustakean ya unaka k aaulam; vah sab kuchh hamari rashtriy dharohar hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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bahari k diyaan

• maan ka dil -khvaja ahamad abbas

sanbandhit lekh

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