भारत के कृषि प्रदेश
bharat ke krishi pradesh adhikaanshat: manasooni varsha par nirbhar haian. yahaan ki bhaugolik dashaean bhi bhinn-bhinn pakar ki haian. krishi pradesh ka tatpary us vistrit kshetr se hai, jahaan krishi sambandhi dashaoan, vishesh roop se fasaloan ke prakar evan unaki utpadan vidhi mean samanata payi jati hai. bharat mean tapaman, varsha uchchavach, mitti ke prakar, fasal evan pashuoan ka sah-sambandh adi ki vibhinnata ke karan anek krishi pradeshoan ka vikas hua hai. vibhinn vidvanoan ne do pramukh charoan ke adhar par bharat ke krishi pradeshoan ke nirdharan hetu prakritik karanoan ko mahatvapoorn mana hai, to kuchh vidvanoan ne fasaloan ki pramukhata ke adhar par bharat ko krishi pradeshoan mean vibhajit kiya hai.
varsha ki sthiti
d aau. si. bi. kresi ka yah kathan hai ki "kisi bhi desh mean itane vyakti varsha par nirbhar nahian karate, jitane ki bharat mean, kyoanki samayik varsha mean kianchit bhi parivartan hone se sampoorn desh ki samriddhi ruk jati hai. varsha ka vitaran, tapaman, samudratal se ooanchaee, akshaansh, prakritik vanaspati, mittiyaan, fasalean aur pashu adi ki kismean sabhi krishi ke svaroop evan krishi pradeshoan ke nirdharan mean b da prabhav dalate haian. is sabhi prabhavoan ko dhyan mean rakhane par ek mahatvapoorn tathy spasht hota hai ki desh ke vibhinn bhagoan mean fasal utpadan sambandhi athava krishi ki dasha mean samanata payi jati hai aur ek sankramak kshetr doosare mean tivrata se parivartit n hokar dhire-dhire doosare kshetr mean badalata hai. keval madhyavarti kshetroan mean hi yah bhinnata adhik spasht roop se parilakshit hoti hai.
vibhajan
anek vidvanoan dvara bharat ko krishi pradeshoan mean vibhajit karane ka prayas kiya gaya hai. inamean d aau. stamp, pro. simakins, d aau. spet ke nam vishesh ullekhaniy haian. sabhi ne krishi pradeshoan ko nishchit karane ka adhar bhoo-prakriti, jalavayu aur janasankhya ghanatv ko mana hai. d aau. chain h aaun saiang ne bhoo-akriti evan usaki sthiti, krishi, jal ki vyavastha, fasaloan ka praroop, bhoomi lagan vyavastha evan samany arthik vikas tatvoan ko krishi pradesh ke vargikaran mean pramukh tatv manakar sampoorn desh ko 16 pramukh bhagoan mean baanta hai. d aau. tharnar ne krishi ayojan evan prabandhan ki drishti se desh ko kee prakar se krishi pradeshoan mean vibhajit kiya hai. ek vargikaran mean un fasaloan ke pradeshoan ko sammilit kiya gaya hai, jo mukhy fasaloan ki utpadak yojanaoan se sambandhit hai. doosare mean krishi jalavayu pradesh ke krishi ayojan ke sabhi tathyoan ko drishtigat rakhate haian. fasal pradeshoan ko in vidvanoan ne sat mukhy fasaloan evan tin any fasaloan ke adhar par baantate samay do batoan ka dhyan rakha hai-
- kul rashtriy utpadan mean me ek fasal ka kitana pratishat ek zile se prapt hota hai.
- us zile mean kul boyi gayi bhoomi ke anupat mean us fasal ke kshetr ka pratishat kya hai.
d aau. randhava ka vibhajan
krishi visheshajn d aau. randhava ke anusar bharat ko paanch brihat krishi pradeshoan mean baanta ja sakata hai-
- shitoshn himalay pradesh
- uttari shushk gehooan pradesh
- poorvottar athava chaval pradesh
- pashchimottar athava malavar pradesh
- dakshini madhyam varsha athava mote anaj vala pradesh
shitoshn himalay pradesh
is pradesh ko do up-vibhagoan mean vibhajit kiya gaya hai- (k) poorvi himalay pradesh, jisake antargat arunachal pradesh ka paha di bhag, oopari asam, sikkim aur bhootan sammilit haian. yahaan 250 sentimitar se adhik varsha hone se saghan van paye jate haian. yahaan mukhyatah chay v chaval paida kiye jate haian. (b) pashchimi himachal pradesh, isake antargat kumayooan, gadhaval, shimala ki pahadi़yaan, jammoo-kashmir evan himalay pradesh shamil hai. yahaan ki jalavayu prayah ardhashushk hai. uttari bhagoan mean sardiyoan mean varsha athava himapat hota hai. yahaan par seb, nashapati, cheri, shaphtaloo, badam, aangoor adi phal vishesh roop se paida kiye jate haian. aloo, makka aur chaval any fasalean haian. bhean d, bakari palan yahaan ka mukhy athava sahayak vyavasay hai. isase oon tatha maans prapt hota hai. shahad prapti hetu madhumakkhi palan bhi kiya jata hai. ab yahaan vikasit evan sianchit krishi ki jati hai.
uttari shushk athava gehooan pradesh
is pradesh mean panjab, hariyana, dilli, uttari gujarat, uttar pradesh, rajasthan evan madhy pradesh sammilit haian. yahaan varsha 75 se.mi. se kam hoti hai. marusthaliy bhagoan mean varsha 20 se.mi. se bhi kam hoti hai. mitti me baloo evan kaanp vishesh roop se payi jati haian. sabhi sthanoan par sianchaee ki sahayata se gehooan v chaval paida kiya jata hai. yah bharat ka pramukh gehooan pradesh hai. kapas, jau, chana, makka, jvar-bajara any sahayak fasalean haian. gho de, ooant, bhe d-bakariyaan evan gay-bail yahaan ke pramukh pashu haian. yahaan uttam nasl ki gay, bail, murra nasl ki bhaiansean, gho de evan bhe dean pali jati haian. bhoosa hari chari tatha unnat pashu ahar dudharoo pashuoan ko khilaya jata hai.
poorvottar athava chaval pradesh
isake antargat asam, meghalay, tripura, manipur, pashchim bangal, bihar, u disa, uttarakhand, poorvi andhr pradesh, poorvi tamilanadu poorvi madhy pradesh mukhyatah ate haian. yahaan par varsha 150 se.mi. athava isase adhik hoti hai. kaanp mitti adhik payi jati hai. yahaan ki mukhy fasal dhan hai. any fasaloan mean ganna, joot evan chay sthaniy roop se bahut mahatvapoorn hai. chare ke antargat bahut hi kam kshe़tr hai. at: yahaan ke pashu jaise- bhaianse adi nikrisht shreni ke hote haian.
pashchimottar athava malavar pradesh
mumbee se kanyakumari tak yah mekhala payi jati hai. keral, karnatak evan maharashtr ke tatiy bhagoan mean varsha 250 se.mi. athava isase adhik hoti hai. yahaan adhikaanshatah laiterait mitti payi jati hai. yahaan par bagani fasalean adhik paida ki jati haian, jinamean nariyal, kajoo, kahava, chay, annanas, tepiyok, supari, garam masale tatha rab d adi mukhy haian. chaval yahaan ka mukhy khadyann hai.
mote anaj vala pradesh
is pradesh ke antargat dakshini uttar pradesh, dakshini gujarat, pashchimi madhy pradesh, poorvi maharashtr tatha adhikaansh karnatak sammilit hai. yahaan varsha 50 se.mi. se 75 se.mi. hi hoti hai, kyoki yah pradesh adhikaanshatah vrishti chhaya kshetroan mean ate haian. yahaan lava ki kali mitti, laiterait, kahian-kahian kaanp mitti payi jati hai. yahaan mukhyat: kapas, mooangaphali, chaval, ganna, jvar, bajara, ragi, reandi dalean adi vishesh roop se paida ki jati haian. is pradesh mean bhe dean adhik payi jati haian. inase milane vali oon prayah ghatiya kism ki hoti hai. ab shahatoot ki sahayata se resham ki pharmiang ka bhi vikas ho raha hai.
is vargikaran ko bhaugolik paryavaran, sthaniy sansadhan svaroop, janasamasya praroop evan krishi rachit gaveshana ki drishti se vishesh manyata nahian mil saki. kyoanki matr varsha tatha tapaman aur usake bhoomi se rasayanik sambandh ko hi mote taur par dhyan mean rakha gaya hai. jabaki bharat jaise vishal desh evan brihat saanskritik samasya vale atiprachin krishi pradhan desh ke lie aisa uchit nahian hai. at: aisa vargikaran adhoora evan anapekshit bhi hai.
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