करिकाल
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- karikal prarambhik chol shasakoan mean sarvadhik mahattvapoorn shasak tha.
- ise 'jale hue pairoan vala' kaha gaya hai.
- anumanatah is shasak ne 190 ee. mean shasan kiya tha.
- is samrajy vistaravadi shasak ne apane shasan ke arambhik varshoan mean 'vanni' namak sthan par 'belari' tatha any gyarah shasakoan ki sanyukt sena ko parajit kar prasiddhi prapt ki thi.
- usaki doosari mahattvapoorn saphalata thi- 'vahaipparanlee' ke 9 chhote-chhote shasakoan ki sanyukt sena ko parajit karana.
- is prakar karikal ne poore tamil pradesh ko apani bhujaoan ke parakram ke dvara apane adhin kar liya tha.
- usake shasanakal mean pandy samrajy evan cher vansh ke shasak mahattvahin ho gaye the.
- sangam sahity ke anusar- karikal ne kaveri nadi ke muhane par 'puhar pattan' (kaveripatnam) ki sthapana ki.
- shaktishali nausena rakhane vala karikal shayad sangam yug ko sabase mahanh evan parakrami shasak tha.
- ‘pattinappalai‘ kriti ke ullekh ke adhar par aisa pratit hota hai ki, karikal ke samay mean udyog tatha vyapar unnati ki avastha mean the.
- karikal ne pattippalai ke lekhak ko 1,60,000 svarn mudrayean upahar mean di thian.
- karikal sat svaroan ka jnata tatha vaidik dharm ka anuyayi tha.
- karikal ke bad uttaradhikar ke lie grih yuddh hua. 'kokar kilar' namak kavi ne is grih yuddh ka kavyatmak varnan kiya hai.
- karikal ke do putr 'nalangillit' evan 'neduanjeli' ne do rajadhaniyoan se alag-alag shasan kiya.
- b de putr ne 'uraiyur' se tatha chhote putr ne 'puhar' se shasan kiya.
- is vansh ka karikal ke bad antim mahanh shasak 'nedujeliyan' tha. usane saphalatapoorvak pandyoan tatha cheroan ke viruddh l daee l di.
- usaki mrityu yuddh kshetr mean huee. usaki prashansa mean sangam sahity mean anek kavitaoan ka ullekh milata hai.
- eesa ki tisari shatabdi se 9vian shatabdi tak choloan ka itihas aandhere mean tha, par 9vian shatabdi ke madhy mean hi chol naresh vijayalay ne chol shakti ka punah uddhar kiya.
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sanbandhit lekh
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