बरगद

baragad
|200px|center
jagat	padap
sangh	maignoliyophaita (Magnoliophyta)
varg	maignoliyopsida (Magnoliopsida)
gan	rosels (Rosales)
kul	moresi (Moraceae)
jati	faikas (Ficus)
prajati	venagaileansis (benghalensis)
dvipad nam	faikas venagaileansis (Ficus benghalensis)
any janakari	baragad, bharat ka rashh‍triy vriksh hai.

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baragad (aangrezi:Banyan Tree) bharat ka rashh‍triy vriksh hai. ise 'bar', 'bat' ya 'vat' bhi kahate haian. baragad 'moresi' ya 'shahatoot' kul ka pe d hai. isaka vaijnanik nam 'faikas venagaileansis (Ficus bengalensis) aur aangrezi nam 'baniyan tri' hai. hiandoo log is vriksh ko poojaniy manate haian. isake darshan sparsh tatha seva karane se pap door hota hai tatha du:kh aur vyadhi nasht hoti hai. at: is vriksh ke ropan aur grishm kal mean isaki j d mean pani dene se puny sanchay hota hai, aisa mana jata hai. uttar se dakshin tak samast bharat mean vat vriksh utpann hote dekha jata hai. isaki shakhaoan se baroh nikalakar zamin par pahuanchakar stanbh ka roop le leti haian. isase pe d ka vistar bahut zald badh jata hai. baragad ke pe d ko magha nakshatr ka pratik mana jata hai. magha nakshatr mean janm lene vale vyakti baragad ki pooja karate hai. is nakshatr mean janm lene vale vyakti apane ghar mean baragad ke pe d ko lagate hai.

pauranik manyata

bharat mean baragad ke vriksh ko ek mahattvapoorn sthan prapt hai. is vriksh ko 'vat' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. yah ek sadabahar pe d hai, jo apane prarohoan ke lie vishvavikhyat hai. isaki j dean zamin mean kshaitij roop mean door-door tak phailakar pasar jati hai. isake pattoan se doodh jaisa padarth nikalata hai. yah pe d 'trimoorti' ka pratik hai. isaki chhal mean vishnu, j doan mean brahma aur shakhaoan mean shiv virajate haian. agnipuran ke anusar baragad utsarjan ko darshata hai. isilie santan ke lie ichchhit log isaki pooja karate haian. is karan se baragad kata nahian jata hai. akal mean isake patte janavaroan ko khilae jate haian. apani visheshataoan aur lanbe jivan ke karan is vriksh ko anashh‍var mana jata hai. isilie is vriksh ko akshayavat bhi kaha jata hai. lok manyata hai ki baragad ke ek pe d ko kate jane par prayashchit ke taur par ek bakare ki bali deni p dati hai. vamanapuran mean vanaspatiyoan ki vyutpatti ko lekar ek katha bhi ati hai. ashvin mas mean vishnu ki nabhi se jab kamal prakat hua, tab any devoan se bhi vibhinn vriksh utpann hue. usi samay yakshoan ke raja 'manibhadr' se vat ka vriksh utpann hua.

yakshanamadhisyapi manibhadrasy narad.
vatavriksh: samabhav tasmistasy rati: sada..

skandapuran ka ullekh

[[chitr:Banyan-Tree-Kolkata.jpg|baragad ke vriksh, kolakata|left|thumb|250px]] yaksh se nikat sambandh ke karan hi vat vriksh ko 'yakshavas', 'yakshataru', 'yakshavarook' adi namoan se bhi pukara jata hai. puranoan mean aisi anek pratikatmak kathaean, prakriti, vanaspati v devataoan ko lekar milati haian. jis prakar ashvatth arthath pipal ko vishnu ka pratik kaha gaya, usi prakar is jatadhari vat vriksh ko sakshat jatadhari pashupati shankar ka roop man liya gaya hai. skandapuran mean kaha gaya hai-

ashvattharoopi vishnu: syadvaroopi shivo yat:

arthath pipalaroopi vishnu v jataroopi shiv haian.

harivansh puran ka ullekh

harivansh puran mean ek vishal vriksh ka varnan ata hai, jisaka nam 'bhandiravat' tha aur usaki bhavyata se mugdh ho svayan bhagavan ne usaki chhaya mean vishram kiya.

nyagrodharvatagraman bhandirannam namat:.
drishtva tatr matian chakre nivasay tat: prabhu:..

ramayan ka ullekh

• 'subhadravat' nam se ek aur vat vriksh ka bhi varnan milata hai, jisaki dali garu d ne to d di thi. ramayan ke akshayavat ki katha to lok prachalit hai hi. parantu valmiki ramayan mean ise 'shyamanyagrodh' kaha gaya hai. yamuna ke tat par vah vat atyant vishal tha. usaki chhaya itani thandi thi ki use 'shyamanyogradh' nam diya gaya. shyam shabd kadachit vriksh ki vishal chhaya ke niche ke ghane athah aandhakar ki or sanket karata hai aur gahare rang ki patravali ki or. ramayan ke paravarti sahity mean isaka akshayavat ke nam se ullekh milata hai. ram, lakshman aur sita apane van pravas ke samay jab yamuna par kar doosare tat par utarate haian, to tat par sthit is vishal vat vriksh ko sita pranam karati haian.

kivadanti

thumb|250px|baragad ke vriksh baragad mool roop se maidani bhagoan ka vriksh hai. dharmik mahattv ka vriksh hone ke karan isake sambandh mean anek kianvadantiyaan prachalit ho gee haian. ek kianvadanti ke anusar mahapralay hone par sampoorn dharati jalamagn ho gee thi. charoan or pani hi pani dikhaee de raha tha. mahapralayay ki bhayanak laharoan ne sab kuchh samapt kar diya tha. dhire dhire laharean shaant hueean. isi samay baragad ke patte par shishu roop mean narayan prakat hue. vah apane pair ka aangootha choos rahe the. narayan ki nabhi se ek kamal ke phool ka janm hua. is kamal par brahma virajaman the. isake bad brahma ne manav sahit vishv ke samast jivoan ki srishti ki. narayan ka vas hone ke karan is vriksh ko hindoo dharm ke anuyayi ek pavitr vriksh manate haian.

bharat mean baragad prachin kal se ek mahattvapoorn vriksh mana gaya hai. yajurved, atharvaved, ramayan, mahabharat, shatapath brahman, aitarey brahman, mahopanishad, subhashitavali, manusmriti, raghuvansh aur ramacharitamanas adi granthoan mean isaka ullekh kiya gaya hai. hinduoan mean baragad ke sambandh mean anek dharmik vishvas aur kianvadantiyaan prachalit haian. jeth mas ki amavasya ko ki jane vali 'vat savitri' ki pooja isaka praman hai. baragad ko pavitr vriksh manane ke karan ise katana pap samajha jata hai.

vibhinn nam

baragad 'moresi' parivar ka vriksh hai, jise aangrezi mean 'faikas venagaileansis' kaha jata hai. hindi mean ise vat, bar, b d adi namoan se jana jata hai. vishv tatha bharat mean alag-alag sthanoan par baragad ke vibhinn nam haian. ise arabi mean katirool ashjar aur jatujj vanib, farasi mean darakhte rish aur darakhte resha, iandoneshiya mean sard, purtagali mean di raiz aur alabero di rai­z tatha roosi mean derevo aur phigovoe kahate haian. bharatiy bhashaoan mean ise kann d mean go diyar, gujarati mean b d, tamil mean alamaram, telugoo mean peddamarri, panjabi mean booh d aur boh d, bangali mean b dagachh, marathi mean v d, var, malayalam mean alamaram aur siandhi mean nug kaha jata hai.

sanskrit mean yah vriksh nyagroth, vat adi namoan se pukara jata hai. vanaspati nighantuoan mean isake 29 namoan ka ullekh kiya gaya hai. avarohi, kshiri, jatal, daant, dhruv, nil, nyagroth, padarohi, padarohin, padarohi, bahupad, mandali, mahachchhay, yakshataru, yakshavasak, yakshavas, raktapada, raktaphal, rohin, vat, vanaspati, vas, vitapi, vaishravan, shrriangi, vaishnavanavas, shipharooh, skandhaj evan skandharooha, ye sabhi nam baragad ki sanrachana sambandhi visheshataoan aur isake gunoan par adharit haian.

sanrachana

thumb|250px|baragad ke vriksh ki pattiyaan baragad ek vishal, ooancha aur bahut b de kshetr mean phailane vala vriksh hai. isaki ooanchaee 20 mitar se 30 mitar tak ho sakati hai. pray: yah dekha gaya hai ki jangal mean svat: vikasit baragad ke tane adhik mote nahian hote. isake viparit khule evan sookhe sthanoan par paye jane vale baragad ke tane adhik mote hote haian. isaka tana oopar uthakar anek shakhaoan aur upashakhaoan mean vibhakt ho jata hai. isaki shakhaoan aur upashakhaoan ki ek visheshata yah hai ki ye charoan or phaili hoti haian. tane aur shakhaoan ki motaee evan svaroop par isaki ayu ka prabhav p data hai. chhote aur naye baragad ke vrikshoan ka tana gol aur shakhaean chikani hoti haian tatha purane vrikshoan ke tane aur shakhaean khuradare evan pap di vale hote haian. is prakar ke vrikshoan ke tanoan ke lambe, chau de ghere gol n hokar anek taroan jaisi jataoan ka samooh sa lagate haian.

jataean

baragad ki shakhaoan se jataean nikalati haian. arambh mean ye patali hoti haian aur niche ki or jhoolati rahati haian. kuchh samay ke bad ye jamin tak pahuanch jati haian aur jamin ke bhitar se khady ras lene lagati haian. dhire dhire inaka vikas hota hai aur ek lambe samay ke bad ye tane ke saman moti, kathor aur majaboot ho jati haian tatha vriksh ka bojh uthane ke layak ho jati haian. bahut purane baragad ke vriksh jataoan se apani kaya ka bahut adhik vistar kar lete haian aur ek lambe chau de kshetr mean phail jate haian. inake tanoan aur jataoan mean gupha si ban jati hai, jinamean vyakti baith sakate haian ya phir so sakate haian. baragad ko isaki lambi lambi jataoan ke karan hi jatajootadhari mahatma kaha jata hai.

pattiyaan

baragad ki patali daliyoan par sabhi taraph b de aur golaee lie hue aandakar pattiyaan nikalati haian. kiantu ek sthan se keval ek patti hi nikalati hai. pattoan ki lanbaee 10 seantimitar se 20 seantimitar tatha chau daee 5 seantimitar se 13 seantimitar tak hoti hai. baragad ke patte kafi mote hote haian evan ek chhote se majaboot danthal dvara dal se ju de rahate haian. patte ek taraph se chikane hote haian aur inaka rang gahara hara hota hai. pattoan ke doosari or ka bhag chikana nahian hota aur rang halka hara hota hai. naye patte pray: faravari-march mean nikalate haian. kabhi kabhi sitambar-aktoobar mean bhi naye patte nikal ate haian. naye patte lali liye hue aur bahut hi sundar hote haian.

phal

vriksh par garmiyoan ke mausam mean phal ate haian. samanyat: faravari se mee ke madhy mean phal ate haian aur pakate haian. kabhi kabhi sitambar tak ye phal dekhe ja sakate haian. kuchh sthanoan par baragad mean vilamb se phal nikalate haian aur disambar tak bane rahate haian. isake phal chhote, gol aur danthal vihin hote haian. ye shakhaoan par unhian sthanoan par nikalate haian, jahaan patte nikalate haian. isake phal jo de mean nikalate haian evan pas-pas aur ghane hote haian. vastav mean baragad ka phal ek vishesh prakar ka pushp samooh hota hai, jo gol akar lekar phal ban jata hai. baragad ke phal ke bhitar bahut chhote chhote ki de hote haian, inhean aanjir kit kahate haian. in ki doan ke abhav mean baragad ka vriksh bij utpann nahian kar sakata. ye ki de ek phool se doosare phool mean ghusate haian, jisase phool ke nar mada kshetr ek doosare ke sampark mean ate haian aur paragan ki kriya poori hoti hai.

krishnavat

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

bharat ke kuchh bhagoan mean ek vishesh prakar ka baragad paya jata hai. ise 'krishnavat' kahate haian. krishnavat ke patte mu de hue hote haian. ye dekhane mean done ke akar ke hote haian. is vriksh ke sambandh mean yah manyata hai ki bhagavan krishna balyavastha se hi gayoan ko charane ke lie van mean jaya karate the. jab gay char rahi hoti thian, tab krishna kisi vriksh par baithakar madhur baansuri bajaya karate the. baansuri ki avaj sunate hi gopiyaan sabhi kary chho d kar unake pas dau di chali ati thian. ve apane sath dahi-makhkhan adi bhi le ati thian. krishna ko baragad ke pattoan se done banane mean bahut samay lagata tha aur gopiyaan bhi bechaini anubhav karane lagati thian. krishna gopiyoan ke man ki bat sach samajh gaye. unhoanne turant hi apani maya se vriksh ke sabhi pattoan ko donoan ke akar vale pattoan mean badal diya. is prakar baragad ki ek nee prajati ka janm hua.

visheshata

bharat mean baragad ke do sabase b de pe d kolakata ke rajakiy upavan mean aur maharashtr ke satara upavan mean haian. shivapur ke vatavriksh ki mool j d ka ghera 42 phut aur any chhote chhote 230 stanbh haian. inaki shakha prashakhaoan ki chhaya lagabhag 1000 phut ki paridhi mean phaili huee hai. satara ke vat vriksh, 'kabir vat', ki paridhi 1,587 phut aur uttar-dakshin 565 phut aur poorab-pashchim 442 phut hai. lanka mean ek vat vriksh hai, jisamean 340 b de aur 3000 chhote - chhote stanbh haian. baragad ki chhaya ghani, b di, shital aur grishm kal mean anandaprad hoti hai. isaki chhaya mean saik doan, hazaroan vyakti ek sath baith sakate haian. baragad ke phal pipal ke phal sadrish chhote chhote hote haian. sadharanataya ye phal khae nahian jate par durbhiksh ke samay isake phalan par log nirvah kar sakate haian. isaki lak di komal aur sarandhr hoti hai. at: keval jalavan ke kam mean ati hai. isake pe d se saphed ras nikalata hai jisase ek prakar ka chipachipa padarth taiyar hota hai jisaka upayog bahelie chi diyoan ke phansane mean karate haian. isake ras (akshir), chhal, aur pattoan ka upayog ayurvediy oshadhiyoan mean anek rogoan ke nivaran mean hota hai. isake pattoan ko janavar, visheshat: bakariyaan, b di ruchi se khati haian. vriksh par lakh ke ki de baithae ja sakate haian jisase lakh prapt ho sakati hai.

mahattvapoorn tathy

thumb|250px|baragad ka vriksh

• baragad bharat ka 'rashh‍triy vriksh' (faikas venagaileansis) hai.
• baragad ke vriksh ki shakhaean door-door tak phaili tatha j dean gahari hoti haian. itani gahari j dean kisi aur vriksh ki nahian hoti haian.
• j doan aur adhik tane se shakhaean banati haian aur is visheshata aur lanbe jivan ke karan is vriksh ko anashh‍var mana jata hai.
• vat, yani baragad ko 'akshay vat' bhi kaha jata hai, kyoanki yah ped kabhi nasht nahian hota hai.
• ab bhi baragad ke vriksh ko gramin jivan ka keandr binh‍du mana jata hai aur aj bhi gaanv ki parishad isi pe d ki chhaya mean panchayat karati hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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