उद्धार
uddhar samudr par durghatana ke samay logoan ki jan bachane ya mal bachane ko kahate haian. bhoomi par agni se jan athava mal bachane ko bhi uddhar (sailavej) kah sakate haian, parantu is sanbandh mean yah shabd bahut prachalit nahian hai. samudr par uddhar ke do vibhag haian : (1) nagarik, (2) sainik.
nagarik uddhar-jan aur mal ke uddhar ke lie british sarakar british jahajoan se paritoshik dilati hai aur isalie mamala bahudha kachahariyoan tak pahuanchata hai. ianglaiand mean navik kachahariyoan (aidamirailti kort) mean ye mamale tay kie jate haian. vahaan ki paribhasha hai ki samudr ki jokhim se jan ya mal bachana uddhar hai. bhoomi par agni se jan ya mal bachane par sarakar paritoshik nahian dilati; haan, malik se sanvida (ekarar) ho gaya ho to bat doosari hai. niyam hai ki bachae ge mal se pahale uddhar ka paritoshik dekar hi shesh dhan any vishayoan par vyay kiya ja sakata hai. jab bachaya gaya mal paritoshik ke lie paryapt nahian hota to british sarakar marakaiantain mairin phand se aanshat: ya poornataya paritoshik dila sakati hai. sath hi yah bhi niyam hai ki jahaj ka jo adhikari jan bachane mean sahayata nahian karata vah dandaniy hai. jo seva kartavy (dyooti) ke roop mean ki jati hai usake lie paritoshik nahian milata. jahajoan ke sabhi karmachariyoan ka kartavy hai ki yatriyoan aur mal ko bachaean.
paritoshik ki matra isapar nirbhar rahati hai ki bachaya gaya mal kitani jokhim mean tha, usaka mooly kya tha, bachanevale ne kitani jokhim uthaee, kitana parishram kiya, kitani chaturi athava yogayata ki avashkata thi, kitane mooly ke yantroan ka upayog kiya gaya, ityadi. asavadhani se kam karane par paritoshik aanshat: ya poornataya rok liya ja sakata hai. yadi ek jahaj doosare ko bachata hai to bachanevale jahaj ke malikoan ko paritoshik ka lagabhag tin chauthaee milata hai. shesh ka lagabhag ek tihaee kaptan ko milata hai. isake bad bacha bhag adhikariyoan aur karmachariyoan mean unaki sthiti ke anusar baant diya jata hai. parantu jahaan bachanevale jahaj ko koee kshati pahuanchati hai vahaan malikoan ko adhik milata hai.[1]
sainik uddhar-yuddhakal mean bairi se apane desh ke jite ge jahaj ko chhin lane tatha isi prakar ke any jokhim ke kamoan ke lie paritoshik mil sakata hai, jisake lie byorevar niyam bane haian. paritoshik jahaj ke mooly ke athavean ya chhathe bhag tak mil sakata hai.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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