कुम्भ परम्परा

kumbh mela se sanbandhit lekh

kumbh mela    arddh kumbh    kumbh parampara    rajim kuanbh    sianhasth kuanbh    kalpavas   naga sadhu    kumbh 2013    prayag    sangam    ilahabad

kumbh parampara bharatavarsh mean vaidik kal se chali a rahi hai. kumbh parv ek amrit snan aur amritapan ki bela hai. isi samay ganga ki pavan dhara mean amrit ka satat pravah hota hai. isi samay kumbh snan ka sanyog bhi banata hai. yah parv bharatiy janamanas ki parv chetana ki viratata ka dyotak hai. visheshakar uttarakhand ki bhoomi par tirth nagari haridvar ka kumbh to mahakumbh kaha jata hai. bharatiy sanskriti ki jivantata ka praman pratyek 12 varsh mean yahaan ayojit hota hai. poorvi uttar pradesh mean ganga nadi ke kinare basa ilahabad bharat ka pavitr aur lokapriy tirthasthal hai. is shahar ka ullekh bharat ke dharmik granthoan mean bhi milata hai. ved, puran, ramayan aur mahabharat mean is sthan ko 'prayag' kaha gaya hai. ganga, yamuna aur sarasvati nadiyoan ka yahaan sangam hota hai, isalie hinduoan ke lie is shahar ka vishesh mahattv hai.

kumbh shabd ki mimaansa

'kumbh' shabd ki mimaansa paanch jnanendriy, paanch karmendriy, ek chitt aur ek man se ki gee hai. in dvadash indriyoan par vijay pane se hi 'ghat kumbh' arthath sharir ka kalyan hota hai. vivek evan avivek devasur sangram ko janm deta hai. inake poorn niyantran se hi ghat mean amrit ka pradurbhav hota hai. mahabharat ke is shlok se dev-danav yuddh tatha amrit evan gangajal ke samanjasy ko pratishthit kiya gaya hai-

yatha suranaan amritan pravilaan jalan svadha.
sudha yatha ch naganaan tatha ganga jalan nrinamh.

atharvaved ke anusar brahma ne manushy ko aihik ki amushmik sukh dene vale kumbh ko pradan kiya. ye kumbh parv haridvaradi sthaloan par pratishthit hue. prithvi ko aishvary sampann banane vale rrishiyoan ka kumbh se tatpary hai purusharth-chatushtay arthath dharm, arth, kam aur moksh ko prapti karana. kumbh parv ke avasar par patit pavani bhagavati bhagirathi (ganga) ke jal mean snan karane se ek hajar ashvamedh yajn, sau vajapey yajn, ek lakh bhoomi ki parikrama karane se jo puny-phal prapt hota hai, vah ek bar hi kumbh-snan karane se prapt hota hai-

ashvamedh sahasrani vajapey shatani ch.
lakshapradakshina bhoomeah kumbhasnanen tath phalamh..

prachin parampara

kumbh mahaparv bharat ke char pramukh tirth sthaloan mean manaye jane ki bahut hi prachin parampara hai. haridvar, prayag, ujjain aur nasik ye char pramukh tirth sthal haian, jahaan kumbh mahaparv manaye jane ka pauranik mahatmy hai. haridvar aur prayag mean chhah varsh mean arddhakumbh aur barah varsh mean kumbh mahaparv manane ki parampara hai. yah mahaparv charoan tirth sthaloan mean bhinn-bhinn samayoan mean bhinn-bhinn tithiyoan ke agaman hone par manaye jate haian. prayag mean kumbh ka mahaparv magh ke mahine mean manaye jane ki parampara hai. yahaan jab soory aur chandrama makar rashi ke hoan aur brihaspati mesh athava vrish rashi mean sthit hoan, to kumbh mahaparv ka yog banata hai-

mesh rashi gate jive makare chandrabhaskarau.
amavasya tada yogah kumbhakhy tirthanayake..
makare ch divanathe hyajage ch vrihaspatau.
kumbh yogo bhavettatr prayage hyati dulabhah..

• isi prakar haridvar mean mesh rashi mean soory aur kumbh mean brihaspati hoan to sarvottam kumbh mahaparv ka yog hota hai-

haridvar-padmininayake meshe kumbhan rashi gato guruah.
gangadvare bhavedyogah kumbhan nama tadottamaah..

• haridvar ke kumbh mean jab kumbh rashi ka brihaspati ho aur mesh mean soory sankranti ho to yah sthiti mesh sankranti arthath 13-14 aprail ko p dati hai. yah kumbh ka mahaparv hota hai. isaki samapti 14 mee tak hoti hai, jab soory mesh rashi ka parityag karata hai. yahi kumbh ujjain mean sianh ke soory, sianh ke brihaspati tatha mesh ke soory aur sianh ke brihaspati hone par kumbh parv ka sanyog banata hai-

sianh rashi gate soorye sianh rashau vrihaspatau.
godavaryaan bhaveth kumbho jayate khalu muktidah.
mesh rashi gate soorye sianh rashau vrihaspatau.
ujjayinyaan bhavath kumbho sadamuktipradayakah..
ghate sooriah shashisoory kuhaan damodare yada.
dharayaan ch tada kumbho jayate khalu muktidah..

• nasik mean brihaspati soory tatha chandr kark mean hoan to godavari nadi ke tat nasik mean kumbh parv lagata hai-

rrigved mean ullekh

uparyukt char tirth sthaloan mean kumbh parv manaye jane ki mool prerana atharvaved ki chaturah kumbhashchaturna dadami is prakar ke ullekh se milati hai. isake atirikt kumbh ka ullekh rrigved mean bhi prapt hota hai-

• jaghan vritran svadhitirvanev sarojapuro aradann sindhoon.
  

vibhed girian nav mitr kumbh bhagatandro akrinuta sv yugmiah..

• plashivryaktah shatadhar utyante duhe ch kumbhi svadha pitribhyah

• poorno kumbhodhikal ahitastan vai, pashyamo bahudha nu sannatah

• s ima vishva bhuvanani pratyaddah kal samahu parame vyoman
  

chaturah kumbhaan chaturna dadami

• chaturah kumbhanachaturdha poornaudaken
  

dadhya etastva dhara upayattu sarvaah
svarge loke madhoomatan pinvamana upatva
tishthatu punyakarinoah samattaah..

• in ullekhoan se spasht hai ki bharat mean kumbh jaise parv ko manane ki parampara vaidik kal se hi rahi hai. dhire-dhire isake mahatmy ko pauranik parampara ke anusar vistarapoorvak nirdharit tirthasthaloan par manaya jane laga.

srishti ka pratik

bharatiy sanskriti mean kumbh srishti ka pratik mana gaya hai, jaise kumhakar panch tatvoan se kumbh ki rachana karata hai, usi prakar brahma bhi panch tatvoan se is srishti ki sarjana karate haian. kumbh ke vishay mean kaha gaya hai-

kalashasy mukhe vishnuah kanthe rudo samahitah.
moole tatr sthito brahma madhye matriganaah smritaah..
kukshau tu sagaraah sarve saptadvip vasuandhara.
rrigvedoath yajurvedo samavedo atharvavah..
aangaiahshch sanhitaah sarve kalashe tu samashritaah..

uparyukt shlok ka arth hai ki kalash ke mukh mean vishnu, kanth mean rudr, mool mean brahma, madhy mean matrigan, antavastha mean samast sagar, prithvi mean nihit saptadvip tatha charoan vedoan ka samanvayatmak svaroop vidyaman hai. is shlok ke madhy mean matriganoan ke vidyaman hone ka ullekh hai. matrikaean solah hoti haian. chandrama ki bhi shodash kalaean hoti hai. kumbh bhagavan vishnu ka paryay bhi kaha gaya hai. kumbh shabd churadi ganiy kubhi achchhadane dhatu se nishpann hota hai. isaka arth hai- 'achchhadan' ya 'avritt karana'. paramatma apane aishvary se samast vishv ko avritt kiye rahata hai. isilie vah kumbh hai. ise kanmu kantai dhatu se jo dane par amrit prapti ki kamana ka bodh hota hai. kumbh ko pet, garbhashay, brahma, vishnu ki sanjna se abhihit kiya gaya hai. lok mean kumbh, arddhakumbh parv ke soory, chandrama tatha brihaspati tin grah karak kahe gaye haian. soory atma hai, chandrama man hai aur brihaspati jnan hai. atma ajar, amar, nity aur shant hai, man chanchal, jnan mukti karak hai. atma mean man ka lay hona, buddhi ka sthir hona, nity mukti ka hetu haian. jnan ki sthirata tabhi sambhav hai, jab buddhi sthir ho. daivi buddhi ka karak guru hai. brihaspati ka sthir rashiyoan vrish, sianh, vrishchik evan kumbh mean hona hi buddhi ka sthairy hai. chandrama ka soory se yukt hona athava ast hona hi man par atma ka varchasv hai. atma evan man ka sanyukt hona svakalyan ke path par agrasar hona hai. kumbh, arddhakumbh ko sharir, pet, samudr, prithvi, soory, vishnu ke paryayoan se sambaddh kiya gaya hai. samudr, nadi, koop adi sabhi kumbh ke pratit haian. vayu ke avaran se akash, prakash se samast lokoan ko avritt karane ke karan soory nana prakar ki koshikaoan se tatha snayutantroan se avrit hota hai, isilie kumbh hai. kumbh ichchha hai, kamavasana roop ko avrit karane ke karan kam brahm hai, charachar ko dharan karane, usamean pravisht hone ke karan vishnu svayan kumbh haian.

prachalit kathaean

kumbh parv vaidik kal se hi bharatiy sanskriti ka abhinn hissa raha hai. isaki manyata ke sandarbh mean tin kathaean vishesh roop se ullekhaniy haian-

1. maharshi durvasa ki katha
2. kadroo-vinata ki katha 
3. samudr manthan ki katha

pratham katha

pratham katha devaraj indr se sambandhit hai, jisamean durvasa dvara di gee divyamala ka apaman hua. indr ne us mala ko apane hathi airavat ke mastak par rakh diya aur airavat ne use pairoan tale kuchal diya. durvasa rrishi ne isake parinamasvaroop bhayankar shap diya jisake karan sansar mean durbhiksh p d gaya. anavrishti aur durbhiksh se praja mean trahi-trahi mach gee. tatpashchath narayan ne samudr manthan ki prakriya dvara lakshmi ko prakat kiya. unaki kripa se vrishti huee aur krishakoan ka kasht door hua. amrit pan se vanchit asuroan ne kumbh ko nagalok mean chhipa diya. garu d ne vahaan se usaka uddhar kiya aur use kshirasagar tak pahuanchane se poorv jin sthanoan par kalash ko rakha, ve hi sthal 'kumbh parv' ke tirthasthal ban gaye.

dvitiy katha

is katha ke anusar maharshi kashyap ki do patniyoan kadroo aur vinata ke madhy soory ke ashvoan ka varn kala hai ya saphed, is vivad ko lekar yah shart rakhi gee ki jo haregi vah dasi banakar rahegi. is shart ke parinamasvaroop vinata ke har jane ke karan use dasi ban kar rahana p da. us dasitv se tabhi mukti mil sakati thi, jab nagalok mean chhipaye gaye kumbh ko kashyap muni ki patni kadroo ke pas laya jay. us amrit kalash ko lane hetu aur apani maan ko dasitv se mukt karane ke liye pakshiraj garu d ne sankalp kiya. nagalok se vasuki se sanrakshit us amrit-kalash ko jab garu d uttarakhand se gandhamadan parvat par kashyap muni ke pas le ja rahe the to vasuki dvara indr ko soochit kiya gaya aur unhoanne char bar akraman kiya. indr ke dvara char jagahoan par roke jane ke karan jo amrit-kalash ki booande vahaan par chhalakian usake karan vahaan kumbh parv ki parampara prarambh huee. garu d ne us amrit-kumbh ke antatah apani maan ke dasitv se mukt karane ke liye kashyap muni ke pas tak pahuanchane ka poorn prayatn kiya aur saphal hue.

tritiy katha

tritiy kathanusar devasur sangram mean chaidah ratnoan mean amrit-kalash nikalane par dhanvantari dvara devataoan ko dene, vishnu dvara mohini rup dharan karake devataoan ko amrit pan karane, rahu dvara amrit pan karane, indr-putr jayant dvara amrit-kumbh chhinakar bhagane, jaisi kathaoan se sambaddh hai. usaki raksha ka bhar soory, chandr, brihaspati aur shani ko sauanpa gaya tha. jayant dvara le jaye jate hue us amrit-kumbh ko char sthaloan par rakhane aur un-un sthaloan par amrit ki booande girane ke karan kumbhaparv manaye jane ki parampara prarambh huee. amrit-kumbh ki ukt kathaoan mean yahi tisari katha hi sabase pramukh mani gee hai.

prithivyaan kumbhayogasy chaturdha bhed uchyate.
chatuahsthale ch patanadh sudha kumbhasy bhootale..
vishnu dvare tirtharajeavantyaan godavari tate.
sudha bindu vinikshepadh kumbhaparveti vishrutamh..

shastriy manyataoan dvara abhipray

bharatiy sanskriti mean dharmik astha aur vishvas ka sarvottam parv kumbh mela, mahaparv ke rup mean n keval bharat bhoomi apitu samooche vishv mean suvikhyat mana jata hai. yahi ek aisa mahaparv hai, jisamean bharat ke kumbh pradhan pavitr tirthasthaloan mean poore vishv se shraddhalu bhakt padharakar yahaan par ek sath poore desh ki samanvit sanskriti, vishv bandhutv ki sadbhavana aur jan samany ki apar astha ka avalokan karate haian. shastriy manyataoan ke anusar kumbh ke anek abhipray pratipadit kiye gaye haian-

shabdik vyutpatti ke adhar par tatpary

shabdik vyutpatti ke adhar par kumbh se abhipray hai- 'kuan bhoomian kutsitan va umbhati poorayat', kumbh ka arth hai gh da, jalapatr ya karava. kubhi poorane dhatu se nishpann kumbh shabd ka tatpary- 'kumbhayati amriten poorayati sakal kshuth pipasadi dvandvajatamh nirvantayati iti kumbhah', arthath jo amritamay jal se poorn karata hai, jo kshuth pipasadi anek dvandvoan se nivritt karata hai, use kumbh kahate haian. yah parv manushy ki saansarik badhaoan ko door karata hua, usake jivan-ghat ko jnanamrit se paripoorn kar deta hai. isiliye ise kumbh nam se abhihit kiya gaya hai. kumbh- 'kutsitan umbhayati doorayati jagaddhitayeti kumbhah' jagath kalyan ke lie dushpravrittiyoan ko jnanamrit dvara door karane vala yah parv kumbh kahalata hai. kuan- 'prithvimh bhagayati dipayati tejovarddhaneneti kumbhah', samast prithvi ko apane prabhav se prakashit karane vale parv ko kumbh kaha jata hai.

jyotish shastr mean arth

jyotish shastr mean 'kumbh' shabd do arthoan mean prayukt hua hai. pahala to gyarahavian rashi ko 'kumbh' nam se jana jata hai aur doosara chandrama ko soory ke sath ek hi rashi mean sthit hone par 'kumbh' ya 'ghat' kaha gaya hai. 'siddhant shiromani' namak granth mean bhaskarachary ne chandrama ko ghat roop mean abhihit kiya hai-

tarani kiran sangadevapiyooshapindo, dinakar dishi chandrashchandrikabhishchakasti.
taditaradishi balakuntalashyamalashri, ghat iv nij moortichchhayayevatapasthah..

• uparyukt mean chandrama ko amrit pind ke roop mean abhihit kiya gaya hai. jab chandrama roopi amrit pind soory ke samane ki disha arthath soory se satavean ghar mean sthit hota hai, tab vah jyotishman hota hua kiranoan se udbhasit hota hai, kintu jab vah soory ke sath sthit ho jata hai to jyotirahit kale ghat ke roop me drishtigat hota hai. amrit pind ki yah ghatavat sthiti hi brihaspati ke shubh prabhavoan se prabhavit hokar kumbh parv ka yog upasthit karati hai. smriti granthoan mean bhi kaha gaya hai-

sooryendugaroosanyogastadrarashau yatr vatsare.
sudhakumbhaplave bhoomau kumbho atinanyatha..

• isaka tatpary yah hai ki rashi mean soory, chandr, brihaspati ke sthit hone par yah amrit-kumbh roopi chandr prithvi par haridvar, prayag, ujjain aur nasik jaise kumbh pradhan tirthasthaloan mean apane shubh prabhav roopi amrit ki vrishti karata hai. usi ki pipasa mean ukt sthaloan par dikh-digant se sadhu, sant, mahatma, bhakt aur shradvalu jan ekatrit hokar puny arjit karane hetu is mahaparv ka sankirtan karate haian.

any pauranik tathy

• haridvar, tirtharaj prayag, ujjain aur nasik in char pramukh sthaloan par amrit-kumbh se chhalaki huee booandoan ke karan kumbh jaise mahaparv ko manaye jane ki parampara ka ullekh milata hai.

tasyatkumbhatsamutkshipt sudhabindurmahitale.
yatrayatratyatattatr kumbhaparv prakalpitamh..

• amrit-kumbh ki raksha mean sanlagn chandrama ne amrit ko girane se bachaya, soory ne gh de ko tootane se, brihaspati ne daityoan dvara chhinane se aur shani ne kahian jayant akele hi sampoorn amrit pan n kar le. is tarah se us kumbh ki raksha ki.

chandrah prasravanadh raksha sooryovisphotana dadhau.
daityebhyashch guru raksha sauri devendrajath bhayath..

• haridvar mean kumbh rashi ka brihaspati ho, aur mesh mean soory sankranti ho to yah kumbh ka mahaparv mana jata hai-

kumbh rashi gate jive yadvidane meshago raviah.
haridvare kritan snanan punaravritti varjanamh..

• shastriy manyataoan ke anusar vidvanoan ka mat hai ki sanatan, sanak, sanandan aur sanatkumar jaise mahaganoan ki mandali barah varshoan ke bad haridvar adi tirthoan mean padhara karati hai, jisake darshan hetu sadhu, sant, mahatma aur shraddhalu samany bhaktajan bhi upasthit hone lage. yog sadhana karane vale yogiyoan ki avadhi bhi barah varshoan ki batayi gayi hai. inhian varshoan ke phalasvaroop kumbh jaise parv ka samagam hota hai-

devanaan dvadashairbhimatryaidvadashavatsaraiah.
jayante kumbh parvani tatha dvadash sankhyaya..

• gangaji ka nam lene matr se hi samast papoan ka vinash ho jata hai. darshan karane par kalyan hota hai, snan aur jalapan karane par manushy ki sat pidhiyoan ka uddhar ho jata hai-

n ganga sadrishan tirthan n devah keshavatparah.
brahyanebhyah paran nasti evamah pitamahah..
yatr ganga maharaj s deshastath tapovanamh.
siddhikshetran tajjneyah gangatir samashrimh..

• adhyatmik drishti se kumbh mahaparv ka mahatv jyotishashastr mean atyant vistrit hai. bharatiy jyotishashastr mean brihaspati ko jnan ka, soory ko atma ka aur chandrama ko man ka pratik mana gaya hai. man, atma tatha jnan in tinoan ki anukool sthiti vastutah laukik aur paralaukik donoan drishtiyoan se mahatv rakhati hai. char sthaloan par lagane vale kumbh ki tithi in vishisht grahoan soory, chandr aur brihaspati ki sthiti vishesh hone par hi sambhav hoti hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

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