द्रव्य -वैशेषिक दर्शन

• maharshi kanad ne vaisheshikasootr mean dravy, gun, karm, samany, vishesh aur samavay namak chh: padarthoan ka nirdesh kiya aur prashastapad prabhriti bhashyakaroan ne pray: kanad ke mantavy ka anusaran karate hue padarthoan ka vishleshan kiya.
• vaisheshikoan ne poorvokt prakar se sat padarthoan ka ullekh kiya hai aur brahmand ki samast vastuoan ko sat vargoan mean vargikrit kiya hai. padarthoan ki sankhya ke sambandh mean vaisheshik ke vibhinn acharyoan aur vibhinn darshanikoan mean matabhed haian, dravy ka samany svaroop, dravyoan ke lakshan aur unake pramukh bhedoan ka sankshep mean ullekh kareange.
  

dravy ka lakshan

• vaisheshik darshan mean mukhyat: is drishtikon ke adhar par padarthoan ka vivechan kiya gaya ki padarthoan mean samanat: sadharmy hai aur antarik vibhinnata unaka niji vaishishty hai, jo unhean unake varg ki any vastuoan se prithakh karati hai. kanad ne dravy ke lakshan ka niroopan karate hue yah pratipadit kiya ki kary ka samavayikaran aur gun evan kriya ka ashrayabhoot padarth hi

dravy hai. prithvi adi nau dravyoan ka is lakshan se yukt hona hi unaka sadharmy hai. is lakshan ko kanadottaravarti pray: sabhi vaisheshikoan ne apane dravyaparak chintan ka adhar banaya, kintu unake vicharoan mean kahian-kahian kuchh antar bhi dikhaee deta hai.

• kanad ke uparyukt lakshan ka ashay yah hai ki dravy

1. karm ka ashray hai,
2. gunoan ka ashray hai aur
3. karyoan ka samavayikaran hai.

• katipay uttaravarti acharyoan ne in tinoan ghatakoan mean se kisi ek ko hi dravy ka lakshan manane ki avadharanaoan ka bhi vishleshan kiya. unamean se katipay ne is ashanka ka bhi udbhavan kiya ki 'jo karm ka ashray ho vah dravy hai'- yadi kanad sootr ka keval yahi ek ghatak dravy ka lakshan mana jaega, to isamean avyapti dosh a jayega, kyoanki akash, kal aur dik bhi padarth haian jabaki ve nishkriy haian, unamean karm hota hi nahian hai. yadyapi pratyek kriyashil padarth dravy mana ja sakata hai, kintu pratyek dravy ko kriyashil nahian mana ja sakata. 'jo gunoan ka ashray ho vah dravy hai' keval is ghatak ko bhi kuchh acharyoan ne dravy ka poorn lakshan man liya. kintu is sandarbh mean yah apatti ki jati hai ki 'utpatti ke pratham kshan mean padarth gunarahit hota hai.' at: yah lakshan avyapt hai.
• parantu is apatti ka uttar dete hue udayanachary ne kaha ki dravy kabhi bhi gunoan ke atyantabhav ka adhikaran nahian hota. is kathan ka yah ashay hai ki utpatti ke pratham kshan mean bhale hi dravy mean gunashrayata n ho, kintu us samay bhi usamean gunoan ka ashray banane ki shakti to rahati hi hai aur is prakar dravy gunoan ke atyantabhav ka anadhikaran hai.
• chitsukhachary adi acharyoan ne keval is ghatak ko hi poorn lakshan manane par apatti ki, at: is lakshan ko bhi nirvivad nahian kaha ja sakata. bauddh darshan mean dharmoan ko kshan roop mean sat mana gaya hai tatha dharmi ya dravy ko asat. punj (samuday) ke atirikt avayavi nam ki koir vastu nahian hai. sare tantu alag kar diye jaean to pat ka koir astitv nahian rahata. at: dravy ki sankalpana matr par bhi vipratipatti karate hue bauddhoan ne yah tark diya ki gunoan se prithakh dravy ki koee satta nahian hai, jaise ki chakshu adi indriyoan ke dvara roop adi ka hi grahan hota hai. roop ke bina kisi aisi vastu ka hamean alag se pratyaksh nahian hota, jisamean vah roop, gun rahata ho, jo vastuoan ko sanshlisht roop mean prastut kar deti hai. at: bauddh matanusar gunoan se prithakh dravy ka koee astitv nahian hai.
• bauddhoan ke is akshep ka uttar nyay-vaisheshik mean is prakar diya gaya hai ki yadi dravy jaise ghat keval roop (nil) sparsh adi gunoan ka samudayamatr hota to ek hi ashray dravy ke sambandh mean do bhinn-bhinn gunoan jaise dekhane (roop) aur chhoone (sparsh) ka nirdesh nahian ho sakata tha. at: yah siddh hota hai ki ashrayabhoot dravy (ghat) roop aur sparsh ka samuday matr nahian, apitu unase prithakh evan svatantr avayavi hai.
• yah jnatavy hai ki saankhy mean dharmi aur dharmoan ka tattvat: abhinn mana gaya hai. vedant mean tattvat: dharmoan ko asat aur dharmi ko sat mana gaya hai.
• vaisheshik mean dharm aur dharmi donoan ko vastusat mana gaya hai. 'jo samavayikaran ho vahi dravy hai' kanadasootr ke keval is tritiy ghatak ko hi dravy ki poorn paribhasha manane ki avadharana ka bhi anek uttaravarti acharyoan ne samarthan kiya hai.
• in acharyo ke kathanoan ka sar yah hai ki samavayikaran vah hota hai, jisamean samavet rahakar hi kary utpann hota hai. pratyek kary ki samavetata dravy par ashrit hai. sanyog aur vibhag namak kary vibhu dravyoan se bhi sambaddh hai. in acharyoan ka yah mat hai ki is aanshik ghatak ko hi poora lakshan manane mean koee dosh nahian hai. kanadasootr ke tin ghatakoan par adharit uparyukt tin prithakh-prithakh paribhashaoan ki svat:poorn svatantr avadharanaoan ke pravartan ke bavajood samanyat: in tinoan ghatakoan ko ek sath rakhakar tatha tinoan ke samanvit ashay ko dhyan mean rakhate hue yah kahana upayukt hoga ki kanad ke anusar dravy vah hai jo kriya ka samavayikaran tatha gun aur karm ka ashray ho. 'dravyatv jati se yukt evan gun ka jo ashray ho, vah dravy hai' – is jatighatit lakshan ki riti se bhi dravy ke lakshan ka ullekh prashastapadabhashy, vyomavati, kiranavali, saptapadarthi adi granthoan mean milata hai, kintu chitsukh ne is mat ki alochana karate hue is sandarbh mean yah kaha ki dravyatv jati mean koee praman nahian hai. kintu siddhant chandroday adi granthoan mean yah bataya gaya hai ki dravyatv jati ki svatantr satta hai aur vah pratyaksh athava anuman praman se jnat hoti hai.
• shridharachary ne poorv paksh ke roop mean yah shanka uthaee ki jal ko dekhane ke anantar agni ko dekhane par 'yah vahi hai'- aisi anugat pratiti nahian hoti. at: dravyatv nam ki koir jati kaise mani ja sakati hai aur nyayakandali mean is siddhant ka pratipadan kiya ki gun aur karm ka ashray hone ke atirikt dravy ki apani svatantr satta hai. at: dravy usako kahate haian, jisaki svapradhany roop se svatantr pratiti ho. isaka ashay yah hua ki dravy vah hai, jisaki apani pratiti ke lie kisi any ashray ki avashyakata nahian hoti. yahi svatantry dravy ka dravyatv hai, jo jal aur ag ko ek hi varg mean rakh sakata hai. yadyapi chitsukh jaise acharyoan ne svatantry ko dravy ki jati ke roop mean svikar nahian kiya, tathapi vaisheshik nay mean shridhar ke is mat ko uttaravarti acharyoan se atyadhik adar prapt hua. sankshepat: uparyukt kathanoan ko yadi ek sath rakha ja sake to ham yah kah sakate haian ki padarth vah hai, jo kisi kary ka samavayikaran ho, gun aur karm ka ashray ho, dravyatv jati se yukt ho, aur jisaki svapradhany roop se svatantr pratiti ho.

vaisheshik mean dravy ke bhed

nimnakit nau bhed mane gaye haian.

1. prithvi
2. ap
3. tej
4. vayu
5. akash
6. kal
7. dik
8. atma
9. man

• in nau dravyoan mean prithvi, jal, tej- ye tin anity dravy haian,
• vayu, akash, kal, disha, atma aur man- ye chh: nity dravy haian.
• kuchh achary vayu ko bhi anity dravy manate haian.
• bhatt mimaansakoan ke matanusar tamas aur shabd bhi atirikt dravy haian.
• kintu vaisheshikoan ke anusar tamas prakash ka abhavamatr hai aur shabd bhi prithakh dravy nahian hai.
• kandalikar ke anusar atma namak dravy mean eeshvar ka samavesh bhi ho jata hai. at: prashastapad arambh mean hi yah kah dete haian ki vaisheshik nay mean dravy keval nau hi many haian. any darshanoan mean in nau se atirikt jo dravy mane gaye haian, ve vaisheshikoan ke anusar prithakh dravyoan ke roop mean svikar karane yogy nahian haian.
• raghunath shiromani ne dik, kal aur akash ko eeshvar (atma) mean antarbhoot manakar tatha man ko asamavet bhoot kahakar dravyoan ki sankhya paanch tak hi simit karane ki avadharana pravartit ki. kintu is bat ka vaisheshik nay par koee prabhav nahian dikhaee p data.
• venidatt ne padarthamandan namak granth mean raghunath shiromani ki manyataoan ka prabal roop se khandan kiya. at: yahi manana hi tarkasangat hai ki vaisheshik darshan mean nau hi dravy mane gaye haian.
• pariganit nau dravyoan mean se pratham paanch, panchamahabhoot sanjna se adhik vikhyat haian.

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

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shodh

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