आत्मा -वैशेषिक दर्शन
- maharshi kanad ne vaisheshikasootr mean dravy, gun, karm, samany, vishesh aur samavay namak chh: padarthoan ka nirdesh kiya aur prashastapad prabhriti bhashyakaroan ne pray: kanad ke mantavy ka anusaran karate hue padarthoan ka vishleshan kiya.
- sootrakar kanad ne atma ke dravyatv ka vishleshan karate hue sarvapratham yah kaha ki pran, apan, nimesh, unmesh, jivan, manogati, indriyantar vikar, sukh-du:kh, ichchha, dvesh aur prayatn namak liangoan se atma ka anuman hota hai. jnan adi gunoan ka ashray hone ke karan atma ek dravy hai aur kisi avantar (apar samany) dravy ka arambhak n hone ke karan nity hai. atma ka pratyaksh nahian hota. roop adi ke saman jnan bhi ek gun hai. usaka bhi ashray koee dravy hona chahie. prithvi adi any ath dravy jnan ke ashray nahian hai. at: parisheshanuman se jo dravy jnan ka ashray hai, usako atma kaha jata hai.
- kanad ne yah bhi kaha ki– jnanadi ke ashrayabhoot dravy ki atmasanjna ved vihit hai. is ved vihit atma ka any ath dravyoan mean antarbhav nahian ho sakata. 'ahamh' shabd ka atmavachitv suprasiddh hai. 'maian devadatt hooan' aise vakyoan mean sharir mean aham ki pratiti upacharavash hoti hai. pratyek atma mean sukh, du:kh ki pratiti bhinn-bhinn roop se hoti hai. at: jivatma ek nahian apitu anek haian, nana haian.[1]
- prashastapad ne bhi sootrakar ka anuvartan karate hue prakarantar se yah kaha ki sookshm hone ke karan atma ka pratyaksh nahian hota, kintu 'jaise basoola adi karanoan (hathiyaroan) ko koee badhee chalata hai, vaise hi shrotr adi karanoan (indriyoan) ko chalane vala bhi koee hoga'- is prakar se karan prayojak ke roop mean atma ka anuman kiya jata haian prashastapad ne kee any udaharanoan ke dvara bhi yah bataya ki pravritti-nivritti adi ka prerak bhi koir chetan hi ho sakata hai. vahi atma hai. sukh, du:kh, ichchha, dvesh aur prayatn namak gunoan se bhi guni atma ka anuman hota hai. prithvi, sharir, indriy adi ke sath ahan pratyay ka yog nahian hota. vah keval atma ke sath hota hai. prashastapad ne atma mean buddhi, sukh, du:kh, ichchha, dvesh, prayatn, dharm, adharm, sanskar, sankhya, pariman, prithaktv sanyog aur vibhag in chaudah gunoan ka ullekh karate hue yah bhi kaha ki inamean buddhi se lekar sanskar paryant pratham ath atma ke vishesh gun haian aur sankhyaadi shesh chh: samany gun. vishesh gun any dravyoan mean nahian paye jate, jabaki samany any dravyoan mean bhi paye jate haian.[2]
- kanad aur prashastapad ke kathanoan ka shankar mishr prabhriti katipay uttaravarti vyakhyakaroan ne kuchh bhinn ashay grahan kiya aur yah kaha ki atmh ka manas pratyaksh hota hai. maian hooan- yah jnan, manasapratyaksh hai, n ki anumanajany. kanad ke ek any kathan ko spasht karate hue shankar mishr ne yah bhi bataya ki jis prakar vayu ke paramanuoan mean avayavoan ke vishay mean koee praman n hone se ve nity mane jate haian, vaise hi atma ke avayav manane mean koee praman n hone ke karan atma nity hai tatha anadi ka ashray hone ke karan atma ek dravy hai.[3]
- vedant adi mean jnan ko atma ka svaroop mana jata hai, kintu vaisheshik darshan ke anusar jnan atma ka agantuk gun hai.
- nyayamanjari mean jayant ne bhi yah kaha ki svaroopat: atma j d ya achetan hai. indriy aur vishay ka man ke sath sanyog hone se atma mean chaitany utpann hota hai.[4] atma vibhu hai. vah n to anupariman hai, n madhyamapariman.
- annanbhatt ne vaisheshik mat ka sarasangrah karate hue yah bataya ki jnan ka jo adhikaran hai, vah atma hai. vah do prakar ka hai, jivatma aur paramatma. paramatma ek hai aur jivatma pratyek sharir mean bhinn-bhinn hone ke karan anek hai.[5] is sandarbh mean udyotakar ka yah kathan bhi smaraniy hai ki paramatma nity jnan ka adhikaran hai jabaki jivatma anity jnan ka.
- shridhar ne bhi yah bataya hai ki jivatma shariradhari hota hai jabaki paramatma kabhi bhi sharir dharan nahian karata.[6]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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