सकारात्मक बदलाव की आधारशिला है शिक्षा -शालिनी तिवारी
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| lekhika | shalini tivari |
| janmasthan | antoo, pratapagadh, uttar pradesh |
| ee-mel | [email protected] |
sakaratmak badalav ki adharashila hai : shiksha
- badalav ke mayane-
sakaratmak badalav yani aisa badalav jo jiv, prakriti aur paryavaran ke vartaman evan bhavishy ke lie sarthak ke sath sath tinoan mean sauhardrapoorn samanjasy sthapit karane mean samarth ho. badalav to avashyanbhavi hai. sirph badalav ho jana hi paryapt nahi hai, apitu badalav ke sath sath hamari manavata, naitikata aur bhautikata samagr roop se agrasit honi chahie. gauratalab hai ki vartaman sadi mean badalav ki gati avashy tej huee hai, chautarafa "desh badal raha hai age badh raha hai" ke nare gooanj rahe haian parantu kya yah sach nahian hai ki bhautikata mean ham jitana age badh rahe haian utana hi ham prakriti, paryavaran aur svayan ki samanjasyata se bhi pare hote ja rahe haian ? vajah bhi saf hai ki ham bhautikata ki lolupata mean itane mashagool ho chuke haian ki hamari antardrishti aur dooradrishti ek sankuchit dayare mean simatakar nirarthak badalav ki mook sakshi ban chuki hai.
- sarthak shiksha-
shiksha shabd sanskrit bhasha ke " shiksh" dhatu se bana hai. jisaka arth hai- sikhana aur sikhana. aangrezi bhasha mean shiksha ko "Education (ejookeshan)" kaha jata hai, joki laitin bhasha ke E (e) evan Duco (dyooko) shabd se milakar Education (ejookeshan) bana hai. "E (e)" shabd ka arth 'andar se' aur "Duco (dyooko)" shabd ka arth hai 'age badhana'. arthath Education shabd ka shabdik arth "andar se age badhana" hai. doosari svikarokti yah hai ki laitin bhasha ke "Educare (ejukeyar)" tatha "Educere (ejushiyar)" shabd ko bhi "Education" shabd ke mool roop mean svikar kiya jata hai. kul milakar ham yah kah sakate haian ki antarik shaktiyoan ko bahar lane athava vikasit karane ki kriya shiksha kahalati hai. kee any vidvanoan ki paribhashaean nimn haian-
- svami vivekanand- "manushy mean antarnihit poornata ko abhivyakt karana hi shiksha hai."
- mahatma gaandhi- "shiksha se mera abhipray balak ya manushy ke sharir, mastishk ya atma ke sarvaangin evan sarvottam vikas se hai."
- sukarat- “shiksha ka arth hai ki pratyek manushy ke mastishk mean adrishy roop se vidyaman sansar ke sarvamany vicharoan ko prakash mean lana.“
- phrobil- shiksha vah prakriya hai jisake dvara balak ki janmajat shaktiyaan bahar prakat hoti hai.”
- es.maikenji – “vyapak arth mean shiksha ek aisi prakriya hai jivan-paryant chalati hai tatha jivan ke pratyek anubhav se usamean vriddhi hoti hai."
- braun- "shiksha chaitany roop mean ek niyantrit prakriya hai, jisake dvara vyakti ke vyavahar mean parivartan kiye jate haian tatha vyakti ke dvara samaj mean."
- adhyatmik chiantan-
jab ham apani antaratma se nikalane vale bhavoan ko shabdo mean pirokar paramatma ko samarpit karate haian to bhi shiksha ka ek yatharth svaroop jhalak uthata hai- "asato ma sadgamay, tamaso ma jyotirgamay, mrityormamritanamay." (he prabhu ! hamean asaty se saty ki or le chalo,aandhakar se prakash ki or le chalo, mrityu ke bhay se amritv ki or le chalo.)
sanmarg dikhata gaandhi ka ekadash chiantan: mahatma gaandhi ji ne jis ekadashavrat ka pratipadan kiya, vah ham sabake lie bhi anukaraniy hai. bapoo ki shikshaoan mean gyarah prakar ki batean sikhalaee jati haian- "ahiansa, saty, astey, brahmachary, asangrah. sharirashram, asvad, sarvatr bhayavarjanam.. sarvadharm-samanatv, savadeshi bhavana. hian ekadasha sevavian namratve vratanishchaye.." arthat shiksha ka lakshy uparokt shlok ki batoan ko ham sabake jivan mean dharan karana sikhalana hai taki ham sab apane jivan mean sarvaangin vikas kar sakean. is shlok mean nimn batoan ki shiksha di gee hai-
- ahiansa arthath kisi ko du:kh n dena.
- saty athava sachchaee.
- astey arthat chori n karana.
- brahmachary arthat man-vachan-karm ki pavitrata.
- asangrah arthat lobhavash adhik vastu, dhan ikattha n karana.
- sharirashram arthat parishram se ji n churana.
- asvad.
- sab prakar ke bhayoan ko samapt karana.
- sabhi dharmoan mean samanata ka bhav rakhana.
- svadeshi arthat apane desh ki chijoan se prem karana.
- sparsh-bhavana banae rakhana.
asprishy ya sparsh ka matalab achhoot se hai. bapoo is tarah ki bhedabhav poorn bhavanaoan ko achchha nahian manate the. isalie unhoanne sparsh-bhavana ya ghul-milakar rahane ki pravritti par jor diya. adarsh shiksha ham sabako ye batean sikhati haian. magar ab hamean svayan se yah poochhana hi hoga ki kya ham aur hamari navanihal pidhi aisi shiksha grahan kar pa rahi hai joki hamean andar se vikasit kar sake ? shayad nahian.
- sach ki p datal zaroori-
gujarate vakt ke sath sath rashtriy samajik parivesh mean bhi badalav aya. haan yah zaroor hai ki yah badalav samaroop n hokar vaicharik, bhagaulik, prakritik, rajanaitik, anusandhanik adi roopoan mean dekhane ko mila. khair yah bhi param saty hai ki gatishilata ke sath sath parivartan avashyanbhavi hai. paristhiti, varg, star tatha vyavahar ke anekonek pratiman har chhan banate bhi hai aur big date bhi. parantu aj atyadhunik sansar ke is har chhan banate big date pratiman evan samajik utha-patak ke mool mean jakar sach ko tatolane ki zaroorat hai aur yah dekhana behad zaroori hai ki yah vyapak parivartan ham bharatiyoan ke vartaman aur bhavishy ke lie kitana sarthak hai ? kya kahian aisa to nahi ki ham parivartan ki prakiya evan parinamoan ko parakhe bina avachetan roop se apana rahe hoan ? kee bar ham parivartanoan ke mook sajhi banakar ya to svatah parivartan ko apana lete haian ya phir paristhitiyoan ki vivashata vash ham shanaiah shanaiah apanakar usi mean ram jate haian. kul milakar yadi ham sakaratmak badalav ka mool samajhe to vah hai- shiksha.
- tab se ab tak-
sadiyoan se bharatiy shikshan parampara aur paddhati samooche vishv mean jnan, kaushal aur adarsh ki chhap chho dati rahi hai. prachin kal mean gurookuloan, ashramoan v mathoan mean shiksha grahan karane ki vyavastha hoti thi. madhyakal mean nalanda, takshashila, valabhbhi adi prakhyat vishvavidyalayoan ko shiksha ka gadh mana jata tha. samayoparant madarase, maktab aur vidyalay shiksha ke kendr bane. mugal kal mean prarambhik shiksha 'makatab' aur uchch shiksha 'madarasoan' mean di jati thi. prarambh mean shiksha ke do hi roop the- prarambhik shiksha evan uchch shiksha. bharat mean adhunik v pashchaty shiksha ki shurooat british eest indiya kampani ke shasanakal se huee. lokashiksha ke lie sthapit samany samiti ke das sadasyoan ke do dal banae ge the. ek aangal ya pashchaty vidya ke samarthak the to doosare prachy vidya ke. "adhomukhi nispadan siddhant" jisaka arth tha- shiksha samaj ke uchch vargo ko di jae. 'vu d dispaich' ke pahale tak is siddhant ke tahat bharatiyoan ko shikshit kiya gaya. jisaka mukhy uddeshy tha ki bharat ke uchch varg aur sakriy samaj ko pashchaty shiksha dekar unake moolabhoot vicharoan ko badalana. khair vo apane is uddeshy mean kafi had tak saphal bhi rahe, jisaka natija aj saph drishtavy hai. aj n to ham bharatiy sanskriti ke anugami rah ge hai aur n hi pashchaty sanskriti ke, jo ki hamare manaviy naitik patan ki mukhy vajah bhi dikh p dati hai. 'bord aanph kantrol' ke pradhan chals vu d ne 19 julaee 1854 ko bharatiy shiksha par ek vyapak yojana prastut ki. jise 'vu d ka dispaich' kaha jata hai. samay badalata gaya, sath hi sath shikshan paddhati aur usaka uddeshy bhi sankuchit hota gaya. sanh 1937 mean gaandhi ji dvara ek bar punah prachy bharatiy shikshan paddhati, kaushal vikas evan sarvaangin vikas ko jivit karane hetu bardha namak sthan par ek nee shikshan yojana ka sootrapat kiya. isamean sarvaangin vikas evan svadeshi nitiyoan ko maddenajar rakhakar hast utpadan karyoan ko mahatv diya gaya. isamean balak apani matrribhasha mean 7 varsh tak adhyayan karake apane kaushal ko sakaratmak disha mean nikharata tha. sanh 1944 mean kendriy shiksha salahakar manh dal ne "sarjent yojana" ke nam se ek shiksha yojana prastut ki, jisamean 6 se 11 varsh tak ke bachchoan ke lie niahshulk anivary shiksha die jane ki vyavastha thi. dhire dhire shiksha vyavasayikaran aur bazarikaran mean tabdil ho gee. logoan ne moolyaparak shiksha ko usake mool uddeshyoan se bhatakakar moti kamaee ka jariya bana liya. paisoan se vidyalay ki manyata milane lagi, shiksha ki gunavatta mean giravat ke sath sath mahaj atyadhunik dikhavatoan mean simat gee. isake jimmedar n keval vo moti kamaee vale log haian balki ham ap bhi poorn roopen jimmedar haian. hamare andar se samajik dayitv bodh ki oorja ab sirph ekaki parivar ke roti, kap da aur makan ki ulajhan mean vyay ho rahi hai. yah bhi katu saty hai ki badalav har koee chahata hai parantu svayan n karana p de. jara sochie, kya aise badalav sambhav hai, shayad kabhi nahian......??? khaanmiyaja bhi samane hai- shiksha ab sirph ek sankuchit uddeshyoan mean simat gee hai. jisase prarambh se hi adhikatar navanihal is sankuchan ka shikar ho jata hai aur jivan bhar vah manavata aur samajik dayitv bodh se pare rahakar sirph aur sirph parivarik jhanjhavatoan mean ulajha rah jata hai. vastav mean ab yah sankuchit shikshan vyavastha hi rashtr unnati, samajik badalav aur sadbhav ke lie yah ek prashnachinh ban chuki hai.
- virasat ko sanjona hoga-
shiksha hi ek aisa sashakt madhyam hai jisase koee bhi samaj, varg aur rashtr sakaratmak disha mean agrasit hokar yathochit badalav lakar bhavishy ki ek samriddhashali sankalpana ko sakar kar sakata hai aur isake viparit samarth shiksha ke abhav mean avanati ke gart mean bhi ja sakata hai. shiksha ke madhyam se hi ham apane rahan-sahan, moolabhoot sakaratmak soch v prachy manaviy naitikata ko pidhi dar pidhi pahuancha sakate haian. jo ki age chalakar yahi pidhiyaan hi rashtr ki disha tay karati haian. gauratalab yah hai ki pradan ki jane vali shiksha samagrata, sarvaanginata aur sanskar yukt honi chahie, n ki kisi nishchit dayare mean simati sankuchit shiksha. samayanusar samajik, rajanitik, vaicharik parivartan hone to svabhavik hai parantu ane vali pidhiyoan ko ek sakaratmak rah dikhana ham sabaka dayitv hai.
- lokavyaparikaran ka khamiyaja-
vishesh dhyatavy yah hai ki sadiyoan se lekar aj tak samaj mean hone vale samayik parivartanoan ne apane sankuchit uddeshy prapti hetu shiksha ki disha ko hi parivartit kar diya. prachin kal mean shiksha ka ekamatr uddeshy tha- atm jnan. vah samaj svayan mahapurooshoan ki sanidhyata mean rahakar atma ko paramatma se jo dane v sachchi adhyatmik anubhooti ke sath sath antarnihit shaktiyoan ke vikas ko hi sarthak shiksha samajhata tha aur samaj v rashtr ko ek nee sakaratmak disha pradan karane hetu sankalpit bhi hota tha. magar samay ke badalav ne to shiksha ki jamini dhuri ki disha hi badal dali. shiksha ka lokavyaparikaran aur bazarikaran shuroo ho gaya. is vyavastha ne to shiksha ko sirph sartiphikeshan ki khokhali satah par la kh da kiya. lokavyaparikaran ke ak de sirph ek behatarin rikarh d banakar daphtaroan ki phailoan ki shobha zaroor badha rahe haian. itana hi nahi, tang galiyoan ke do-char kamaroan aur kuchh gine chune adhyapakoan mean simate mahavidyalayoan se jeb bhi sidhi ki ja rahi hai. isake vartaman aur dooragami parinam bhi hamare samane hai, joki behad chintaniy haian. gar ham gaur karean to yah paegean ki yadi aisi shikshan vyavastha kuchh dinoan tak chalati rahi to yah n keval hamari yuva pidhi ko samarth jnan se vanchit kar degi apitu rashtr ko bhi j d se khokhali kar degi.
- dayitv bodh se badalav sambhav-
hamamean se koee is bat se iankar nahi kar sakata ki manushy ki chetana jagane ka sarvottam madhyam hai- shiksha. svatantrata prapti ke lambe arse ke bad bhi ham koee saphal shikshan niti nirdharit nahian kar pa rahe haian. kuchh gine chune sattaroodh rajanitik log apane niji svarth hetu lubhavane sapane dikhakar shikshan vyavastha mean pherabadal karake janata ko gumarah kar rahe haian aur apana ulloo sidha karane mean jute hue haian. samasya yah bhi hai ki am logoan ko itana ehasas bhi nahian ho pa raha hai ki vastav mean shiksha ka kya uddeshy hona chahie aur usake viparit kya hota ja raha hai. natiza bhi saph hai- sartiphiket ki bharamar ke sath sath berojagari aur samarth jnan ki kami. kuchh logoan ka kahana yah bhi hai ki badalate vakt ke sath sath vyavasayik shiksha bhi zaroori hai. chalo ham unaki bat bhi manate haian. magar jab ham shiksha ko usake moolabhoot uddeshy se badalakar vyavasayik uddeshy par la kh da kie to phir bhi itani berojagari kyooan ? kya yah sach nahian ki hamamean se har koee in dooragami parinamoan ko dekhate hue bhi sakaratmak badalav ki alakh jagane ki jimmedari apane kandhoan par lene se hichak raha hai. hamean apane dayitv ko samajhakar dooragami parinamoan ko maddenajar rakhate hue sakaratmak badalav mean ek sakriy hissedari nibhani hi p degi. varana yadi ham ab nahian chete to bhavishy mean kal ka vikaral roop hamean chetaega hi.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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