काल -वैशेषिक दर्शन

• maharshi kanad ne vaisheshikasootr mean dravy, gun, karm, samany, vishesh aur samavay namak chh: padarthoan ka nirdesh kiya aur prashastapad prabhriti bhashyakaroan ne pray: kanad ke mantavy ka anusaran karate hue padarthoan ka vishleshan kiya.
• kal ke sandarbh mean poori vaisheshik parampara ke chintan ka samahar sa rakhate hue annanbhatt ne yah bataya ki 'atit adi ke vyavahar ka hetu kal kahalata hai. vah ek hai, vibhu hai tatha nity hai.' is paribhasha mean jin char ghatakoan ka samavesh kiya gaya hai, un par vaisheshik darshan ke lagabhag sabhi acharyoan ne gahara vichar-vimarsh kiya hai.
• kanad ne kal ke dravyatv ka ullekh karate hue usake atitadivyavaharahetutv par hi adhik bal diya. unhoanne kaha ki apar (kanishth) adi mean jo apar adi (kanishth hone) ka jnan hota hai vah kal ki siddhi mean liang arthath nimitt karan hai. adhik sooryakriya ke sambandh se yukt bhrata ko par (jyeshth) tatha alp sooryakriya ke sambandh se yukt bhrata ko apar (kanishth) kaha jata hai. at: soory aur pind (sharir) ke madhy jo paratvaparatv-bodhak aur yugapat, chir, kshipr adi sambandhaghatak dravy hai, vahi kal hai.
• prashastapad ne akash evan dik ke saman kal ko paribhashik sanjna mana aur sootrakar ke kathan ka anugaman karate hue yah kaha ki paurvaparyy, yaugapady, ayaugapady, chiratv aur kshipratv ki pratitiyaan kal ki anumiti ki hetu haian.
• kal ki satta ke siddh hone par bhi usake dravyatv par uthaee jane vali shankaoan ka samadhan vaisheshik is prakar karate haian ki prithvi adi any ath dravyoan mean se kisi mean bhi kshan, nimesh adi kalabodhak pratitiyoan ko sanyukt nahian kiya ja sakata at: jis dravy ke sath hamare kshan adi ka jnan sanyukt hota hai, vah kal hai.
• shridharachary ne sooryakriya ya sooryaparivartan ke sthan par manushy-sharir ke bhautik parivartan ki pratiti ko kal ka anumapak batakar ek nee udbhavana ki.
• isi prakar vallabhachary ne nyayalilavati mean yah kaha ki 'yah pustak vartaman hai', 'yah mej vartaman hai', aise vakyoan mean vishay ka bhed hone par bhi unaki vartamanata ek jaisi hai.
• at: vartamanatv hi kal ka jnapak hai. astitv vyaktigat svaroop ya satta samany svaroop ko dyotit karata hai, jabaki vartamanatv vastuoan ke kalik sambandh ka nidarshak hai.
• sootrakar ne yah bhi kaha ki any karyoan ka nimitt karan kal hai.
• isi prakar prashastapad ke kathanoan ka bhi yah sar hai ki -

1. par, apar adi pratitiyoan ka
2. vastuoan ki utpatti, sthiti aur vinash ka
3. tatha kshan, nimesh adi pratitiyoan ka jo hetu hai, vah kal kahalata hai.

• shivadity aur chandrakant ne kal ko prithakh dravy nahian mana. unake anusar kal aur dikh akash se abhinn haian.
• raghunath shiromani ne bhi kal ko dravy n manate hue yah kaha ki eeshvar se atirikt kal ko prithakh dravy manane ki koee avashyakata nahian hai, kyoanki eeshvar hi kalavyavahar ka vishay hai.
• kintu dinakar bhatt var vainidatt ne raghun ke mat ka khandan karate hue yah pratipadit kiya ki kal ko prithakh dravy mane bina hamari kalik anubhootiyoan ka samadhan nahian hota.
• jayantabhatt, nageshabhatt, yogabhashyakar vyas adi ke anusar kal ki sankalpana kalpanaprasoot hai, kal kshanapravah matr hai. at: vah svatantr dravy nahian hai, kintu vaisheshik inake mat ko svikar nahian karate aur kal ko ek prithakh dravy hi manate haian.
• sankshep mean vaisheshik mat ka sar yah hai ki kshan, nimesh adi kal ki vyavaharik upadhiyaan haian. inaka nash hone se bhi kal ka nash nahian hota, at: kal ek nity dravy hai, upadhibhed se usamean anekata hone par bhi kal vastut: ek hai aur par, apar adi kalik pratitiyoan ka koee any adhar dravy n hone ke karan kal prithakh roop se ek vibhu evan nity dravy hai.

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