गोंडा
goanda bharat ke uttar pradesh rajy ka ek zila hai. sarayoo nadi ke pravah kshetr mean sthit hone ke karan yah zila uttar pradesh ke sabase upajaoo mitti vale ziloan mean sammilit kiya jata hai. 15vian sadi mean bisen rajapoot raja manasianh ne goanda ko sthapit kiya tha. yahaan aitihasik mahattv ke kee avashesh ab bhi milate haian, jo gaddhoan evan taloan ke roop mean phaile haian. raja ramadatt sianh ke shasan kal tak yah n keval prasiddh rajapoot gadh tha, apitu ek vyaparik sansthan bhi ho gaya tha. ram sharan sharma jaise itihasakaroan ne is nagar ko gupt kal mean nagaroan ke patan aur samantavad ke uday se jo dakar dekha hai.
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itihas
prachin kal mean goanda ke vartaman bhoo-bhag par shravasti ka adhikaansh bhag aur koshal janapad phaila hua tha. gautam buddh ke samay ise ek nayi pahachan mili. yah us daur mean itana adhik pragatishil evan samriddh tha ki mahatma buddh ne yahaan 21 varsh tak pravas kiya. goanda janapad prasiddh uttarapath ke ek chhor par sthit hai. prachin bharat mean yah himalay ke kshetroan se ane vali vastuoan ke agrasaran sthal ki tarah kam karata tha. 'bharatiy puratatv sarvekshan' ne apane vibhinn utkhananoan mean is zile ki prachinata par prakash dala hai.[1]
ved-puran ullekh
goanda evan baharaich ki sima par sthit 'sahet mahet' se prachin shravasti ki pahachan ki jati hai. jain granthoan mean shravasti ko unake tisare tirthankar sambhavanath aur athavean tirthankar chandraprabhanath ki janm sthali bataya gaya hai. 'vayupuran' aur 'ramayan' ke 'uttarakand' ke anusar shravasti uttari koshal ki rajadhani thi, jabaki dakshini koshal ki rajadhani 'saket' hua karati thi. vastav mean ek lambe samay tak shravasti ka itihas hi goanda ka itihas hai. samrat harshavardhan ke raj kavi banabhatt ne apane prashastiparak granth 'harshacharit' mean shrut varma namak ek raja ka ullekh kiya hai, jo shravasti par shasan karata tha. dandi ke 'dashakumaracharit' mean bhi shravasti ka varnan milata hai. shravasti ko is bat ka shrey bhi jata hai ki yahaan se aranbhik kushan kal mean bodhisatv ki moortiyoan ke praman milate haian.
aisa pratit hota hai ki kushan kal ke pashchath is mahattvapoorn nagar ka patan hone laga tha. ram sharan sharma jaise itihasakaroan ne ise gupt kal mean nagaroan ke patan aur samantavad ke uday se jo dakar dekha hai. isake bavajood jetavan ka bihar lambe samay tak, lagabhag athavian evan nauvian shatabdiyoan tak, astitv mean bana raha. madhyakalin bharat mean goanda ek mahatvapoorn sthan banaye rakhane mean saphal raha tha. san 1033 mean raja suheladev ne sayyas salar masood gazi se takkar li thi. yah bhi itihas ka ek rochak tathy hai ki donoan hi shahar- goanda aur baharaich poore desh mean samadrit haian. ek doosari l daee masood ke bhatije hatila pir ke sath ashokanath mahadev mandir ke pas bhi huee thi, jisamean hatila pir mara gaya tha.[1]
bhaugolik dasha
goanda uttar pradesh ke sarayoo par kshetr mean sthit apekshakrit vistrit janapad hai, jisaka kshetraphal 2,829 varg mil hai. is janapad ko tin pramukh prakritik khandoan mean vibhakt kiya ja sakata hai-
- rapti par ka taraee kshetr, jo up-parvatiy talahati mean sthit hone ke karan adhikatar nadi naloan tatha unake purane tyakt margoan evan jhiloan se poorn, dakshin mean daladali kiantu gadhi matiyar bhoomi ke karan dhan ke liye atyant upajaoo tatha uttar mean vanoan se dhaka hua hai.
- uparahar kshetr, jo uttar mean rapti tatha ooparahar ke utthit balua kinare ke madhy uttar-pashchim se dakshin-poorv mean vistrit utthapit maidan hai. nadi naloan dvara yah upajaoo ghatiyoan mean bant gaya hai, nadiyoan ke kinare jangal tatha baluee mitti milati hai. is kshetr mean utaraula tahasil ka dakshini bhag, goanda paragane ka adhikaansh kshetr tatha tarabaganj tahasil mahadeva evan navabaganj paragane ke kshetr p date haian.
- uparahar ke dakshini chhor se sarayoo (ghaghara) tak ka kshetr, jo nadi tak 15 phut nimnatar hota jata hai aur 'tarahar' kahalata hai. isamean sarayoo (ghaghara) tatha usaki sahayak tedhi nadiyoan ki badh kabhi-kabhi bhayankar ho jati hai. is kshetr mean tarabaganj ka adhikaansh tatha goanda tahasil ka paha dapur paragana p data hai. yahaan mitti ki nichali paratean baluee haian, jin par vibhinn mutaee ki domat paratean jami huee haian. kahian-kahian balue dhoos milate haian, jinake niche gahari tatha upajaoo matiyar mitti milati hai.[1]
krishi
taraee kshetr mean adhikaanshat: gadhi matiyar, kiantu kahian-kahian upajaoo domat; uparahar ke lagabhag do tihaee kshetr mean domat, oopari tatha nadi tat vale bhagoan mean baluee, tarahar mean halki tatha chhidr yukt domat, tatiy bhagoan mean baluee tatha keval gaddhoan mean matiyar mitti milati hai. taraee mean dhan, uparahar mean dhan, gehooan aur tilahan tatha tarahar mean makka, gehooan aur jayad ki phasalean mukhy haian. upayukt bhoomi evan anukool jalavayu hone ke karan kul bhoomi ke 67.8 pratishat mean krishi kary kiya jata hai. 5.7 pratishat vanachchhadit (adhikaansh taraee ke uttari bhag mean), 3.2 pratishat chaloo parati tatha 9.2 pratishat krishi ke liye aprapy hai, jisamean 5.2 pratishat jalashay haian. chaloo dharati ke atirikt 19.9 pratishat bhoomi krishy banjar hai, jisaka keval 15 pratishat kheti ke liye samunnat kiya ja sakata hai. dhan, makee, ganna adi khariph tatha gehooan, jau, chana, tilahan pramukh rabi ki phasalean haian.
nadiyaan
is zile mean uttar-pashchim se dakshin-poorv ki or bahane vali nadiyaan boodhi rapti, rapti, kuvana, visooti, manavar, tirahi, sarajoo (ghaghara) haian. rapti (keval varsha rritu mean) tatha ghaghara nadi parivahaniy haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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