पृथ्वीराज चौहान

prithviraj chauhan
[[chitr:Prithvi-Raj-Chauhan-Statue-Ajmer.jpg|prithviraj chauhan ki pratima, ajamer|200px|center]]
poora nam	prithviraj chauhan
any nam	ray pithaura
janm	1149 ee.
mrityu tithi	san. 1248
pita/mata	raja someshvar chauhan, kamaladevi
pati/patni	sanyogita
rajy sima	dilli ke asapas ka kshetr aur poorvi rajasthan
shasan kal	1178 -1192 ee.
sha. avadhi	24 varsh
rajyabhishek	1169 ee. mean 20 varsh ki ayu mean rajyabhishek hua.
yuddh	tarain ki l daee
rajadhani	ajamer, dilli
vansh	chauhan vansh
sanbandhit lekh	chandabaradaee, prithviraj raso, muhammad gori

chitr:Disamb2.jpg prithviraj

ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- prithviraj (bahuvikalpi)

prithviraj chauhan athava 'prithviraj tritiy' (janm- 1149 - mrityu- 1192 ee.) ko 'ray pithaura' bhi kaha jata hai. vah chauhan rajavansh ka prasiddh raja tha. vah tomar vansh ke raja anang pal ka dauhitr (beti ka beta) tha aur usake bad dilli ka raja hua. usake adhikar mean dilli se lekar ajamer tak ka vistrit bhoo-bhag tha. prithviraj ne apani rajadhani dilli ka nav-nirman kiya. usase pahale tomar naresh ne ek gadh ke nirman ka shubharanbh kiya tha, jise prithviraj ne vishal roop dekar poora kiya. vah usake nam par pithauragadh kahalata hai, aur dilli ke purane qile ke nam se jirnavastha mean vidyaman hai.

ajamer ki gaddi

jab muijjuddin muhammad multan aur uchchh par adhikar karane ki cheshta kar raha tha, ek chaudah sal ka l daka, prithviraj ajamer ki gaddi par baitha. prithviraj ke bare mean kee kahaniyaan mashahoor haian.

rajanitik niti

prithviraj ne apane samay ke videshi akramanakari muhammad gauri ko kee bar parajit kiya. yuva prithviraj ne arambh se hi samrajy vistar ki niti apanaee. pahale apane sage-sambandhiyoan ke virodh ko samapt kar usane rajasthan ke kee chhote rajyoan ko apane qabze mean kar liya. phir usane buandelakhand par chadhaee ki tatha mahoba ke nikat ek yuddh mean chadeloan ko parajit kiya. isi yuddh mean prasiddh bhaiyoan, alha aur oodal ne mahoba ko bachane ke lie apani jan de di. prithviraj ne unhean parajit karane ke bavajood unake rajy ko nahian h dapa. isake bad usane gujarat par akraman kiya, par gujarat ke shasak 'bhim dvitiy' ne, jo pahale muijjuddin muhammad ko parajit kar chuka tha, prithviraj ko mat di. is parajay se badhy hokar prithviraj ko panjab tatha ganga ghati ki or mu dana p da.

gauri aur prithviraj ka yuddh

kianvadantiyoan ke anusar gauri ne 18 bar prithviraj par akraman kiya tha, jisamean 17 bar use parajit hona p da. kisi bhi itihasakar ko kianvadantiyoan ke adhar par apana mat banana kathin hota hai. is vishay mean itana nishchit hai ki gauri aur prithviraj mean kam se kam do bhishan yuddh avashyak hue the, jinamean pratham mean prithviraj vijayi aur doosare mean parajit hua tha. ve donoan yuddh thaneshvar ke nikatavarti 'tarain' ya 'tarav di' ke maidan mean kramashah san. 1247 aur 1248 mean hue the. [[chitr:Chandbardai.jpg|thumb|left|chandabaradaee]]

tarain yuddh

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

is prakar prithviraj aur muijjuddin muhammad, do mahattvakaankshi shasakoan ke bich yuddh avashyanbhavi ho gaya. sangharsh tabarahind (vartaman bhatianda, panjab) par donoan ke davoan ko lekar arambh hua. tarain mean 1191 mean jo yuddh hua usamean gori sena ke paanv ukh d ge aur svayan muijjuddin muhammad ki jan ek yuva khilazi ghu dasavar ne bachaee. prithviraj ab bhatianda ki or mu da aur terah mahinoan ke ghere ke bad use apane qabze mean kar liya. lekin isake bavajood usane panjab se goriyoan ko khade dane ka koee prayas nahian kiya. shayad use aisa laga ho ki turkoan ke bar-bar ho rahe akramanoan mean se yah bhi ek ho aur gori shasak bas panjab par shasan kar santusht rahean. bataya jata hai ki tarain ki doosari l daee ke poorv vah muijjuddin ko die ek prastav mean panjab ko muijjuddin ke hathoan chho dane ke lie taiyar tha.

tarain ki doosari l daee

tarain ki doosari l daee ko bharatiy itihas ka ek mo d mana jata hai. muijjuddin ne isake lie bahut taiyariyaan kian. kaha jata hai ki vah 1,20,000 sainikoan ke sath maidan mean utara jisamean b di sankhya mean bakhtaraband ghu dasavar aur 10,000 dhanurdhari ghu dasavar shamil the. yah sochana uchit nahian hoga ki prithviraj ne apani or se shasan mean laparavahi ki ya use sthiti ka aandaja tabhi lag saka jab bahut der ho chuki thi. yah sahi hai ki is aantim abhiyan ka senadhyaksh, skannd, kahian aur phansa tha. jaise hi prithviraj ne goriyoan ke khatare ko bhaanpa, usane uttar bharat ke sabhi rajaoan se sahayata ka anurodh kiya. bataya jata hai ki kee rajaoan ne usaki madad ke lie apane sainik bheje, lekin kannauj ka shasak jayachandr chup raha. aisa kaha jata hai ki jayachandr ki putri sanyogita prithviraj se prem karati thi aur prithviraj use bhaga laya tha. isalie jayachandr chup raha. par ab anek itihasakar is kathan ko svikar nahian karate. yah kahani bahut bad mean kavi chandabaradaee ne likhi (jo ki prithviraj chauhan ke darabar ke rajakavi the) aur usake varnan mean kee ek asanbhavy ghatanaean haian. yatharth mean in donoan rajyoan ke bich purani dushmani thi aur is karan koee ashchary ki bat nahian ki jayachandr ne prithviraj ka sath nahian diya.

jayachandr ka vidvesh

kannauj ka raja jayachandr prithviraj ki vriddhi ke karan usase eershya karane laga tha. vah usaka vidveshi ho gaya tha. un yuddhoan se pahile prithviraj kee hindoo rajaoan se l daiyaan kar chuka tha. chandel rajaoan ko parajit karane mean use apane kee vikhyat senanayakoan aur viroan ko khona p da tha. jayachandr ke sath hone vale sangharsh mean bhi usake bahut se viroan ki hani huee thi. phir un dinoan prithviraj apane vriddh mantri par rajy bhar chho d kar svayan sanyogita ke sath vilas kri da mean laga hua tha. un sab karanoan se usaki sainy shakti adhik prabhavashalini nahian thi, phir bhi usane gauri ke daant khatte kar diye the.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif kivadanti hai ki prithviraj se vidvesh rakhane ke karan jayachandr ne hi muhammad gauri ko bharat par akraman karane ke lie amantrit kiya tha. is kianvadanti ki satyata ka koee pramanik adhar nahian hai; atah jayachandr par deshadroh ka dosharopan bhi apramanik jnat hota hai. usamean keval itani hi satyata hai ki usane us avasar par prithviraj ki sahayata nahian ki thi. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

san. 1247 mean jab prithviraj se muhammad gauri ki vishal sena ka samana hua, tab rajapoot viroan ki vikat mar se musalaman sainikoan ke pair ukh d gaye. svayan gauri bhi prithviraj ke anuj ke prahar se buri tarah ghayal ho gaya tha. yadi usaka khilaji sevak use gho de par dal kar yuddh bhoomi se bhagakar n le jata, to vahian usake pran pakheroo u d jate. us yuddh mean gauri ki bhari parajay huee thi aur use bhishan hani uthakar bharat bhoomi se bhagana p da tha. bharatiy raja ke viruddh yuddh abhiyan mean yah usaki doosari b di parajay thi, jo anhilava da ke yuddh ke bad sahani p di thi.

prithviraj ki sena

kaha jata hai ki prithviraj ki sena mean tin sau hathi tatha 3,00,000 sainik the, jinamean b di sankhya mean ghu dasavar bhi the. donoan taraf ki senaoan ki shakti ke varnan mean atishayokti bhi ho sakati hai. sankhya ke hisab se bharatiy sena b di ho sakati hai, par turk sena b di achchhi tarah sangathit thi. vastav mean yah donoan or ke ghu dasavaroan ka yuddh tha. muijjuddin ki jit shreshth sangathan tatha turki ghu dasavaroan ki tezi aur dakshata ke karan hi huee. bharatiy sainik b di sankhya mean mare ge. turki sena ne haansi, sarasvati tatha samana ke qiloan par qabza kar liya. isake bad unhoanne ajamer par chadhaee ki aur use jita. kuchh samay tak prithviraj ko ek zagiradar ke roop mean raj karane diya gaya kyoanki hamean us kal ke aise sikke mile haian jinaki ek taraf 'prithviraj' tatha doosari taraf 'shri muhammad sam' ka nam khuda hua hai. par isake shighr hi bad sh dayantr ke aparadh mean prithviraj ko mar dala gaya aur usake putr ko gaddi par baithaya gaya. dilli ke shasakoan ko bhi usaka rajy vapas kar diya gaya, lekin is niti ko shighr hi badal diya gaya. dilli ke shasak ko gaddi se utar diya aur dilli ganga ghati par turkoan ke akraman ke lie adhar sthan ban gee. prithviraj ke kuchh bhootapoorv senaniyoan ke vidroh ke bad prithviraj ke l dake ko bhi gaddi se utar diya gaya aur usaki jagah ajamer ka shasan ek turki senadhyaksh ko sauanpa diya gaya. is prakar dilli ka kshetr aur poorvi rajasthan turkoan ke shasan mean a gaya.

romaanchak kahani

prithviraj madhyakalin bharatiy itihas ke sabase prasiddh hindoo rajapoot rajaoan mean ek the. unaka rajy rajasthan aur hariyana tak phaila hua tha. ve bahut hi sahasi, yuddh kala mean nipun aur achchhe dil ke raja the, sath hi bachapan se hi tir kaman aur talavarabaji ke shaukin the. prithviraj chauhan ko kannauj ke raja jayachand ki putri sanyogita pasand a gee, rajakumari sanyogita se prem hone par, prithviraj chauhan ne svayanvar se hi utha liya aur gandharv vivah kiya aur yahi kahani apane ap mean ek misal ban gee. chandravaradaee aur prithviraj chauhan donoan bachapan ke mitr the aur bad mean age chalakar chandravaradaee ek kavi aur lekhak bane jinhoanne hiandi /apabhransh mean ek mahakavy prithviraj raso likha.
ek videshi akramanakari muhammad gauri ne bar bar yuddh karake prithviraj chauhan ko harana chaha par aisa na ho paya. prithviraj chauhan ne 17 bar muhammad gauri ko yuddh mean parast kiya aur dariyadili dikhate hue kee bar maph bhi kiya aur chho d diya par atharahavian bar muhammad gauri ne jayachand ki madad se prithviraj chauhan ko yuddh mean mat di aur bandi bana kar apane sath le gaya. prithviraj chauhan aur chandravaradaee donoan hi bandi bana liye gaye aur saja ke taur par prithviraj ki aankhean garm salakhoan se phod di gee. aant mean chandravaradaee jo ki ek kavi aur prithviraj chauhan ke khas dost the. donoan nean bhare darabar mean gauri ko marane ki yojana banaee jisake tahat chandravaradaee ne kavyatmak bhasha mean ek paktian kahi-

“char baans chaubis gaj, aangul asht praman, ta oopar sultan hai mat chooke chauhan.”

aur aandhe hone ke bavajood prithviraj chauhan ne isako suna aur ban chalaya jisake phalasvaroop muhammad gauri ka pranaant ho gaya. phir chandravaradaee aur prithviraj chauhan donoan ne pak de jane par phir se bandi jivan vyatit karane ke bajay donoan ne ek doosare ko mar dala. is tarah prithviraj ne apane apaman ka badala le liya. udhar sanyogita ne jab ye dukhad samachar suna to usane bhi apane pranoan ka aant kar diya.

prithviraj ki parajay aur mrityu

muhammad gauri us apamanajanak parajay ka badala lene ke lie taiyari karane laga. agale varsh vah 1 lakh 20 hazar chune hue ashvarohiyoan ki vishal sena lekar phir tarain ke maidan mean a data. udhar prithviraj ne bhi usase morcha lene ke lie kee rajapoot rajaoan ko amantrit kiya tha . kuchh rajaoan ne to apani senaean bhej di; kiantu us samay ka gah daval vanshiy kannauj naresh jayachandr usase tatasth hi raha. kivadanti hai ki prithviraj se vidvesh rakhane ke karan jayachandr ne hi muhammad gauri ko bharat par akraman karane ke lie amantrit kiya tha. is kianvadanti ki satyata ka koee pramanik adhar nahian hai; atah jayachandr par deshadroh ka dosharopan bhi apramanik jnat hota hai. usamean keval itani hi satyata hai ki usane us avasar par prithviraj ki sahayata nahian ki thi. prithviraj ke rajapoot yoddhaoan ne us bar bhi musalamani sena par bhishan prahar kar apani virata ka parichay diya tha, kiantu desh ke durbhagy se unhean parajit hona p da. is prakar san. 1248 ke us yuddh mean muhammad gauri ki vijay aur prithviraj ki parajay huee thi. yuddh mean parajit hone ke pashchath prithviraj ki kis prakar mrityu huee, is vishay mean itihasakaroan ke vibhinn mat milate haian. kuchh ke matanusar vah pahile bandi bana kar dilli mean rakha gaya tha aur bad mean gauri ke sainikoan dvara mar diya gaya tha. kuchh ka mat hai ki use bandi banakar gazani le jaya gaya tha aur vahaan par usaki mrityu huee. aisi bhi kianvadanti hai ki prithviraj ka darabari kavi aur sakha chandavaradaee apane svami ki durdinoan mean sahayata karane ke lie gajani gaya tha. usane apane buddhi kaushal se prithviraj dvara gauri ka sanhar karakar usase badala liya tha. phir gauri ke sainikoan ne us donoan ko bhi mar dala tha. is kianvadanti ka koee aitihasik adhar nahian haian, atah vah pramanik jnat nahian hoti hai.

chandabaradaee krit 'prithviraj rasoan'

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

aant mean apane pramad aur jayanchadr ke dvesh ke karan vah parajit ho gaya aur usaki mrityu ho gee. usaka mrityu kal san. 1248 mana jata hai. usake pashchath muhammad gauri ne kannauj naresh jayachandr ko bhi haraya aur mar dala. apasi dvesh ke karan un donoan ki har aur mrityu huee. prithviraj se sanbandhit ghatanaoan ka kavyatmak varnan chandabaradaee krit "prithviraj raso" namak granth mean hua hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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