शुभगुप्त आचार्य
itihas mean inake nam ki bahut kam charcha huee. 'kalyanarakshit' nam bhi granthoan mean upalabdh hota hai. vastut: bhot bhasha mean inake nam ka anuvad 'dage-sunh' hua hai. 'shubh' shabd ka arth 'kalyan' tatha 'gupt' shabd ka arth 'rakshit' bhi hota hai. at: nam ke ye do paryay upalabdh hote haian. shantarakshit ke tattvasangrah ki 'panjika' tika mean kamalashil ne 'shubhagupt' is nam ka anekadha vyavahar kiya hai. at: yahi nam pramanik pratit hota hai, phir bhi is vishay mean vidvan hi praman haian. shubhagupt kahaan utpann hue the, isaki pramanik soochana nahian hai, phir bhi inaka kashmir-nivasi hona adhik sanbhavit hai. bhotadeshiy parampara is sambhavana ki pushti karati hai. dharmottar inake sakshat shishy the, at: takshashila inaki vidyabhoomi rahi hai. achary dharmottar ki karmabhoomi kashmir-pradesh thi, aisa d aau. vidyabhooshan ka mat hai.
samay
- inake kal ke bare mean bhi vidvanoan mean vivad hai, phir bhi itana nishchit hai ki achary shantarakshit aur achary dharmottar se ye poorvavarti the. achary dharmakaradatt aur shubhagupt donoan dharmottar ke guru the. bhotadesh ke sabhi itihasajn is vishay mean ekamat haian. paravarti bharatiy vidvan bhi is mat ka samarthan karate haian. achary shubhagupt shantarakshit se poorvavarti the, is vishay mean shantarakshit ka granth 'madhyamakalankar' hi praman hai. sautrantik matoan ka khandan karate samay granthakar ne shubhagupt ki karika ka uddharan diya hai.
- pandit sukhalal sanghavi ka kathan hai ki achary dharmakaradatt 725 eesviy varsh se poorvavarti the.
- jain darshanik achary akalank ne dharmottar ke mat ki samiksha ki hai.
- pandit mahendramar ke matanusar akalank ka samay eesviy varsh 720-780 hai. isake anusar dharmottar ka samay satavian shatabdi ka uttarardh nishchit hota hai. dharmottar shubhagupt ke shishy the, at: unake guru shubhagupt ka kal eesviy saptam shatak nirdharit karane mean koee badha nahian dikhati.
- d aau. es.en. gupt dharmottar ka samay 847 eesviy varsh nirdharit karate haian tatha d aau. vidyabhooshan unake guru shubhagupt ka kal eesviy 829 varsh svikar karate haian. d aau. vidyabhooshan ke kal nirdharan ka adhar maharaj dharmapal ka samay hai. kintu ye kaun dharmapal the, isaka nishchay nahian hai. doosari or achary shantarakshit jis shubhagupt ki karika uddhrit karake usaka khandan karate haian, unaka bhotadesh mean 790 eesviy varsh mean nidhan hua tha. 792 eesviy varsh mean bhotadesh mean shantarakshit ke shishy achary kamalashil ka 'samya chhimbu' namak mahavihar mean chin desh ke prasiddh vidvan 'hshang' ke sath madhyamik darshan par shastrarth hua tha. is shastrarth mean hrashang' ki parajay huee thi, isaka ullekh chin aur japan ke pray: sabhi itihasaveta karate haian. in vivaranoan se achary shantarakshit ka kal sunishchit hota hai. phalat: d aau. vidyabhooshan ka mat uchit evan tarkasangat pratit nahian hota, kyoanki jinake siddhantoan ka khandan shantarakshit ne kiya ho aur jinaka nidhan 790 eesviy varsh mean ho gaya ho, unase poorvavarti achary shubhagupt ka kal 829 eesviy varsh kaise ho sakata hai?
- mahapandit rahul saankrityayan achary dharmakirti ka kal 600 eesviy varsh nishchit karate haian. unaki shishy-parampara ka varnan unhoanne is prakar kiya hai, yatha-devendrabuddhi, shakyabuddhi, prajnakar gupt tatha dharmottar. achary devendrabuddhi ka kal unake matanusar 650 eesviy varsh hai. guru-shishy ke kal mean 25 varshoan ka antar sabhi itihasavettaoan dvara many hai. kintu yah niyam sabhi ke bare mean lagoo nahian hota. aisa suna jata hai ki devendrabuddhi achary dharmakirti se bhi umr mean b de the. aur unhoanne achary dinnag se bhi nyay shastr ka adhyayan kiya tha. dharmottar ke donoan guru dharmakaradatt aur shubhagupt prajnakaragupt ke samasamayik the. aisi sthiti mean shubhagupt ka samay eesaviy saptam shatabdi nishchit kiya ja sakata hai. mahapandit rahut saankrityayan ki bhi is tithi mean vimati nahian hai.
kritiyaan
bhadant shubhagupt yukti-anuyayi sautrantikoan ke antim aur labdhapratishth achary the. unake bad aisa koee achary jnat nahian hai, jisane sautrantik darshan par svatantr aur maulik rachana ki ho. yadyapi dharmottar adi bharatiy tatha jamayanh-jadh-pee, takh-chhanh-pa adi bhot acharyoan ne bahut kuchh likha hai, kintu vah poorv acharyoan ki vyakhyamatr hai, nootan aur maulik nahian hai. aj bhi dinnagiy parampara ke sautrantik darshan ke vidvanh tho de-bahut ho sakate haian, kintu maulik shastroan ke rachayita nahian haian. achary shubhagupt ne kul kitane granthoan ki rachana ki, isaki pramanik janakari nahian hai. unaka koee bhi granth mool sanskrit mean upalabdh nahian hai. bhot bhasha aur chini bhasha mean unake paanch granthoan ke anuvad surakshit haian, yatha
- sarvajnasiddhikarika,
- vahyarthasiddhikarika,
- shrutipariksha,
- apohavicharakarika evan
- eeshvarabhangakarika.
ye sabhi granth laghukay haian, kintu atyant mahattvapoorn haian. inaka pratipady vishay inake nam se hi spasht hai, yatha-
- sarvajnasiddhikarika mean visheshat: jaiminiy darshan ka khandan hai, kyoanki ve sarvajn nahian manate. granth mean yuktooparvak sarvajn ki siddhi ki gee hai.
- bahyarthasiddhi karika mean jo vijnanavadi bahyarth nahian manate, unaka khandan karake sapraman bahyarth ki satta siddh ki gee hai.
- shrutipariksha mean shabdanityata, shabdarth sambandh ki nityata aur shabd ki vidhivritti ka khandan kiya gaya hai. 'shruti' ka arth ved hai. ved ki apaurusheyata ka siddhant mimaansakoan ka pramukh siddhant hai, usaka granth mean yuktipoorvak nirakaran pratipadit hai.
- apohavicharakarika mean shabd aur kalpana ki vidhivrittita ka khandan karake unhean apohavishayak siddh kiya gaya hai. apoh hi shabdarth hai, yah bauddhoan ki prasiddh siddhant hai, isaka isamean mandan kiya hai. vaishishik samany ko shabdarth hai, yah bauddhoan ki prasiddh hai, isaka isamean mandan kiya hai. vaishishik samany ko shabdarth svikar karate haian, granth mean samany ka vistar ke sath khandan kiya gaya hai.
- eeshvarabhangakarika mean is bat ka khandan kiya gaya hai, ki eeshvar jo nity hai, vah jagat ka karan hai. granth mean nity ko karan manane par anek dosh darshae gaye haian. in granthoan se sautrantik darshan ki vilupt parampara ka paryapt parichay prapt hota hai.