महापरिनिर्वाण

mahaparinirvan (aangrezi: Mahaparinirvana) ek sanskrit hai jisaka arth hai- 'mukti' ya 'aantim mrityu'. siddharth hi gautam buddh the. jo age chalakar [bauddh dharm]] ke pravartak bane. buddh ke bachapan ka nam siddharth tha. sianhali anushruti, kharavel ke abhilekh, ashok ke sianhasanarohan ki tithi, kaintan ke abhilekh adi ke adhar par bhagavan buddh ki janm tithi 563 ee. poorv svikar ki gayi hai. bhagavan buddh ko 'tathagat' bhi kaha jata hai.

buddh

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buddh ka janm shaky vansh ke raja shuddhodan ki rani mahamaya ke garbh se lumbini mean vaishakh poornima ke din hua tha. shaky ganarajy ki rajadhani kapilavastu thi. siddharth ke pita shakyoan ke raja shuddhodhan the. buddh ko shaky muni bhi kahate haian. siddharth ki maan mayadevi unake janm ke kuchh der bad mar gee thian. kaha jata hai ki phir ek rrishi ne kaha ki ve ya to ek mahan raja baneange ya phir ek mahan sadhu. jnan prapti ke samay unaki avastha 35 varsh thi. jnan prapti ke bad 'tapassu' tatha 'kallik' namak do vyakti unake pas aye. mahatma buddh nean unhean jnan diya aur bauddh dharm ka pratham anuyayi banaya.

gautam buddh ki mrityu 483 ee. mean poorv kushinara mean huee thi. us samay unaki umr 80 varsh thi. bauddh dharm ke anuyayi ise 'mahaparinirvan' kahate haian. lekin unaki mrityu ke mat mean bauddh buddhijivi aur itihasakar ekamat nahian haian.

vibhinn mat

bauddh granth 'mahaparinirvan sookt' mean pali bhasha mean ullekhit hai, 'us varsh barish se pahale buddh rajagrih mean the. vahaan se ve bhikshu sangh ke sath yatraean karate vaishali pahuanche. yahaan pas ke belgram mean unhoanne varshavas kiya. yahaan ve bimar ho gaye. svasth hone par ve phir ambagram, bhandagram, jamboogram, bhoganagar adi ki yatra karate pava namak gram mean pahuanche. ve yahaan chuand kammaraputr namak ek luhar ke amoan ke van mean thahare. usane khane mean unhean mithe chaval, roti v maddav diya. buddh ne mithe chaval v roti to auroan ko dilava die par maddav isalie kisi ko nahian diya kyoanki unhoanne samajh liya tha, yah koee any pacha nahian sakega. svayan unhoanne bhi jara sa khaya. shesh jamin mean g dava diya. isako khate hi ve bimar ho gaye the aur unaki mrityu ho gee.

sanbhav hai ki ek gramin vyakti ke ghar kuchh khane ke karan unake pet mean dard shuru ho gaya tha. buddh apane shishyoan ke sath kushinara chal diye. raste mean unhoanne apane shishy anand se kaha, 'anand is sandhari ke char tah karake bithao. maian thak gaya hooan, letooanga. anand mere lie kukuttha nadi se pani le ao. buddh ne phir us kukuttha nadi mean snan kiya. usake bad vahian ret par chir bichha kar let ge. kuchh der aram karane ke bad vah ab chalane lage. raste mean unhoanne hiranyavati nadi par ki. aant mean kushinara pahuanche. yahaan unaka kahana tha ki, 'mera janm do shal vrikshoan ke madhy hua tha, at: ant bhi do shal vrikshoan ke bich mean hi hoga. ab mera aantim samay a gaya hai.'

anand ko bahut du:kh hua. ve rone lage. buddh ko pata laga to unhoanne unhean bulavaya aur kaha, 'maianne tumase pahale hi kaha tha ki jo chij utpann huee hai, vah marati hai. nirvan anivary aur svabhavik hai. at: rote kyoan ho? buddh ne anand se kaha ki mere marane ke bad mujhe guru manakar mat chalana. buddh ki mrityu ke bad unake putr rahul bhi bhikshu ho gaye the. par buddh ne unhean kabhi koee mahatv prapt nahian hone diya. buddh ki patni yashodhara aant tak unaki shishya nahian banian. unake marane par 6 dinoan tak log darshanoan ke lie ate rahe. satavean din shav ko jalaya gaya. phir unake avasheshoan par magadh ke raja ajatashatru, kapilavastu ke shakyoan aur vaishali ke vichchhaviyoan adi mean bhayankar jhag da hua. jab jhag da shaant nahian hua to dron namak ek vyakti ne samajhauta karaya ki avashesh ath bhagoan mean baant liye jaean. aisa hi hua. ath stoop ath rajyoan mean banakar avashesh rakhe gaye. bataya jata hai ki bad mean ashok ne unhean nikalava kar 84,000 stoopoan mean baant diya tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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