कुमारलात
kumaralat pratham shatabdi ke poorvardh mean bauddh achary the. bhot deshiy parampara kumaralat ka janm sthan pashchim bharat nirdisht karati hai. buddh ke parinirvan ke bad chauthe-paanchavean shatak mean pray: sabhi nikay vibhinn sthanoan mean vriddhigat evan pusht hote hue buddh shasan ka prachar-prasar karate drishtigochar hote haian.
janm
dakshin bharat mean pray: sthaviroan ka bahuly aur prabaly tha. mathura se lekar magadh paryant madhy pradesh mean sarvastivadiyoan ka adhik prachar tha. bharat ke pashchimi bhag mean jalandhar se lekar kashmir aur gaandhar paryant sarvastivadi aur sautrantikoan ka vishesh prabhav tha. isi samay achary kumaralat ka janm hua. vividh granthoan mean kumaralat ke nam mean kuchh-kuchh parivartan drishtigochar hote haian, yatha- 'kumaralat', 'kumaralabh', 'kumaralabdh' aur 'kumararat' adi.
fahyan ka kathan
bharat ane vale prasiddh chini yatri fahyan aur huen-saang donoan ka kahana hai ki achary ka janm sthan takshashila tha. huen-saang kumaralat ke bare mean nimn vivaran prastut karata hai-
takshashila se lagabhag 12-13 'li' ki doori par maharaj ashok ne ek stoop ka nirman karaya tha. yah vahi sthan hai, jahaan par bodhisattv chandraprabh ne apane sharir ka dan kiya tha. stoop ke samip ek sangharam hai, jo bhagnavastha mean dikhaee deta hai. usi sangharam mean kuchh bhikshu nivas karate haian. isi sthan par baithakar (nivas karate hue) 'sautrantik darshan' sampraday ke anuyayi kumaralabdh shastri ne prachin kal mean kuchh granthoan ki rachana ki thi. any itihasajn bhi takshashila ko achary ka janm sthan kahate haian.
ek any sthan par huen-saang ka pun: yah kahana hai ki-
kumaralat ne takshashila mean nivas kiya. bachapan se hi ve vilakshan pratibha se sampann the. kam umr mean hi ve virakt hokar pravrajit ho gaye the. unaka sara samay pavitr granthoan ke avalokan mean tatha adhyatm chintan mean vyatit hota tha. ve pratidin 32000 shabdoan ka svadhyay aur utane hi ka lekhan karate the. apane sathiyoan aur sahadhyayiyoan mean unaki vilakshan yogyata ki pray: charcha hoti thi. unaki kirti sarvatr vyapt ho gee thi. saddharm ke siddhantoan ko unhoanne lok mean nirdosh niroopit kiya aur anek vidharmi tairthikoan ko shastrarth mean parajit kiya. shastrarth kala mean unake vilakshan chatury ki lok mean charcha hoti thi. shastr sambandhi aisi koee kathinaee nahian thi, jisaka uchit samadhan karane mean ve saksham n hoan. sare bharat ke vibhinn bhagoan se jijnasu log unake darshanarth ate rahate the aur unaka samman karate the. unhoanne lagabhag 20 granthoan ki rachana ki. ye hi 'sautrantik darshan' prasthan ke pratishthapak the.
in vivaranoan se jnat hota hai ki achary kumaralat pashchim bharat mean takshashila mahavihar mean pandit pad par pratishthat the. unake adhyayan-adhyapan ki kirti vistrit roop se phaili huee thi. bhot deshiy parampara bhi is mat ki samarthak hai. chini yatri huen-saang ke mat ka anusaran karate hue pray: itihas-visheshajn sthavir kumaralat ko hi 'sautrantik darshan' ka pravartak niroopit karate haian. kumaralat 'sautrantik darshan' ke pratham pravartak achary nahian the, apitu achary parampara ke kram mean unaka sthan tritiy hai. shastr naipuny aur gambhir jnan ki drishti se unaka sthan pratham ho sakata hai, kintu kal ki drishti se ve pratham the- vibhinn sakshyoan ke adhar par aisa nahian mana ja sakata haian.
kumaralat ka samay
achary kumaralat ke kal ke bare mean pray: sabhi aitihasik strot, samagri evan vidvanh ek mat hai ki unaka samay eesa ki pratham shatabdi ka poorvarddh hai. huen-saang ka kahana hai ki-
poorv disha mean ashvaghosh, dakshin mean aryadev, pashchim mean nagarjun tatha uttar mean kumaralat samakalin the. ye charoan mahapandit sansar-mandal ko prakashit karane vale char sooryoan ke saman the. kashy-anto (?) desh ke raja ne unake gunoan aur pandity se akrisht hokar unaka (kumaralat ka) apaharan kar liya tha aur unake lie vahaan ek sangharam ka nirman kiya tha.
is vivaran se yah spasht hai ki kumaralat nagarjun ke samakalik the. nagarjun ke kal ke bare mean bhi vidvanoan mean bahut vivad hai. is vishay ki charcha yahaan prasangik nahian hai, phir bhi unaka kal eesa ki pratham shatabdi ka poorvarddh samichin pratit hota hai. yahi kumaralat ka bhi kal hai aur aryadev ka bhi, kyoanki aryadev nagarjun ke sakshat shishy the. yadyapi kumaralat ka nam abhidharmakosh se sambaddh bhashy aur tikaoan mean prachur roop se upalabdh hota hai. 'mahavibhasha', jo 'abhidharmapitak' ki prachinatam vyakhya hai, usamean unake nam ki charcha nahian hai. usamean sthavir bhadant aur unake darshtantik siddhantoan ki charcha hai. yadi kumaralat 'mahavibhasha' ki rachana ke poorv vidyaman hote to yah sambhav nahian tha ki itane mahanh aur lokavishrut mahapandit ke nam ka ullekh usamean n hota. isalie yah nishchay hota hai ki kumaralat 'mahavibhasha' shastr ki rachana se paravarti haian.
kritiyaan
achary kumaralat ne 20 granthoan ki rachana ki thi, kintu unamean se aj koee bhi upalabdh nahian haian. paravarti shastroan mean unake granthoan mean se kuchh sanket avashy upalabdh hote haian. chini strot ke adhar par 'drishtantapankti' namak granth unake dvara pranit hai, aisa ullekh milata hai, kintu yah granth kumaralat se poorv sthir bhadant ke samay vidyaman tha, isaki bhi soochana prapt hoti hai. 'kalpanamanditika' achary ki hi kriti hai, isaka sanket aur strot upalabdh hai. bhot deshiy vidvanh chhim-jam-pee-yang mahoday ne achary kumaralat ke matoan ka niroopan karate hue unake 'du:khasaptati' namak ek granth se ek pady uddhrit kiya hai. isase jnat hota hai ki yah granth bhi unaki rachana hai. inake alava any granthoan ke sath kumaralat ke sambandh ki soochana upalabdh nahian hai.
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sanbandhit lekh
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