तुलसीदास
tulasidas
| |
| janm | 1532 |
| janm bhoomi | rajapur, uttar pradesh |
| mrityu | 1623 |
| pati/patni | ratnavali |
| karm bhoomi | banaras |
| karm-kshetr | kavi |
| mukhy rachanaean | ramacharitamanas, dohavali, kavitavali, gitavali, vinay patrika, adi |
| vishay | sagun bhakti |
| bhasha | avadhi, hindi bolachal |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
gosvami tulasidas [1497(1532?) - 1623] ek mahan kavi the. unaka janm rajapur, (vartaman baanda zila) uttar pradesh mean hua tha. tulasi ka bachapan b de kashtoan mean bita. mata-pita donoan chal base aur inhean bhikh maangakar apana pet palana p da tha. isi bich inaka parichay ram-bhakt sadhuoan se hua aur inhean jnanarjan ka anupam avasar mil gaya. patni ke vyangyabanoan se virakt hone ki lokaprachalit katha ko koee praman nahian milata. tulasi bhraman karate rahe aur is prakar samaj ki tatkalin sthiti se inaka sidha sanpark hua. isi dirghakalin anubhav aur adhyayan ka parinam tulasi ki amooly kritiyaan haian, jo us samay ke bharatiy samaj ke lie to unnayak siddh huee hi, aj bhi jivan ko maryadit karane ke lie utani hi upayogi haian. tulasidas dvara rachit granthoan ki sankhya 39 bataee jati hai. inamean ramacharit manas, kavitavali, vinayapatrika, dohavali, gitavali, janakimangal, hanuman chalisa, baravairamayan adi vishesh roop se ullekhaniy haian. apane jivanakal mean tulasidas ji ne 12 granth likhe aur unhean sanskrit vidvan hone ke sath hi hindi bhasha ke prasiddh aur sarvashresht kaviyoan mean ek mana jata hai. tulasidasaji ko maharshi valmiki ka bhi avatar mana jata hai jo mool adikavy ramayan ke rachayita the. shriram ji ko samarpit granth shri ramacharitamanas valmiki ramayan ka prakaraantar se avadhi bhashaantar tha jise samast uttar bharat mean b de bhaktibhav se padha jata hai. vinayapatrika tulasidasakrit ek any mahattvapoorn kavy hai.
gosvamiji shrisampraday ke achary ramanand ki shishyaparampara mean the. inhoanne samay ko dekhate hue lokabhasha mean 'ramayan' likha. isamean byaj se varnashramadharm, avataravad, sakar upasana, sagunavad, go-brahman raksha, devadi vividh yoniyoan ka yathochit samman evan prachin sanskriti aur vedamarg ka mandan aur sath hi us samay ke vidharmi atyacharoan aur samajik doshoan ki evan panthavad ki alochana ki gayi hai. gosvamiji panth va sampraday chalane ke virodhi the. unhoanne vyaj se bhratriprem, svarajy ke viddhant , ramarajy ka adarsh, atyacharoan se bachane aur shatru par vijayi hone ke upay; sabhi rajanitik batean khule shabdoan mean us k di jasoosi ke jamane mean bhi batalayian, parantu unhean rajyashray prapt n tha. logoan ne unako samajha nahian. ramacharitamanas ka rajanitik uddeshy siddh nahian ho paya. isilie unhoanne jhuanjhalakar kaha:
"ramayan anuharat sikh, jag bhee bharat riti.
tulasi kathahi ko sunai, kali kuchali par priti."
unaki yah adbhut pothi itani lokapriy hai ki moorkh se lekar mahapandit tak ke hathoan mean adar se sthan pati hai. us samay ki sari shankkaoan ka ramacharitamanas mean uttar hai. akele is granth ko lekar yadi gosvami tulasidas chahate to apana atyant vishal aur shaktishali sampraday chala sakate the. yah ek saubhagy ki bat hai ki aj yahi ek granth hai, jo sampradayikata ki simaoan ko laanghakar sare desh mean vyapak aur sabhi mat-matantaroan ko poornataya many hai. sabako ek sootr mean grathit karane ka jo kam pahale shankarachary svami ne kiya, vahi apane yug mean aur usake pichhe aj bhi gosvami tulasidas ne kiya. ramacharitamanas ki katha ka arambh hi un shankaoan se hota hai jo kabiradas ki sakhi par purane vichar valoan ke man mean uthati haian. jaisa pahale likha ja chuka hai, gosvamiji svami ramanand ki shishyaparampara mean the, jo ramanujachary ke vishishtadvait sampraday ke antarbhukt hai. parantu gosvamiji ki pravritti sampradayik n thi. unake granthoan mean advait aur vishishtadvait ka sundar samanvay paya jata hai. isi prakar vaishnav, shaiv, shakt adi sampradayik bhavanaoan aur poojapaddhatiyoan ka samanvay bhi unaki rachanaoan mean paya jata hai. ve adarsh samuchchayavadi sant kavi the. unake granthoan mean ramacharitamanas, vinayapatrika, kavitavali, gitavali, dohavali adi adhik prasiddh hai.
bhagavan shankaraji ki prerana se ramashail par rahane vale shri anantanand ji ke priy shishy shrinaraharyanand ji (narahari baba) ne is balak ko dhooandh nikala aur usaka nam ramabola rakha. use ve ayodhya ( uttar pradesh prant ka ek zila hai.) le gaye aur vahaan sanvath 1561 magh shukala panchami shukravar ko usaka yajnopavit-sanskar karaya . bina sikhaye hi balak ramabola ne gayatri-mantr ka uchcharan kiya, jise dekhakar sab log chakit ho gaye . isake bad narahari svami ne vaishnavoan ke paanch sanskar karake ramabola ko ramamantr ki diksha di aur ayodhya hi mean rahakar unhean vidyadhyayan karane lage. balak ramabola ki buddhi b di prakhar thi . ek bar gurumukh se jo sun lete the, unhean vah kanthasth ho jata tha . vahaan se kuchh din bad guru-shishy donoan shookarakshetr (soroan) pahuanche. vahaan shri narahari ji ne tulasidas ko ramacharit sunaya. kuchh din bad vah kashi chale aye . kashi mean sheshasanatan ji ke pas rahakar tulasidas ne pandrah varsh tak ved-vedaang ka adhyayan kiya . idhar unaki lokavasana kuchh jagrath ho uthi aur apane vidyaguru se ajna lekar ve apani janmabhoomi ko laut aye . vahaan akar unhoanne dekha ki unaka parivar sab nasht ho chuka hai . unhoanne vidhipoorvak apane pita adi ka shraddhh kiya aur vahian rahakar logoan ko bhagavan ram ki katha sunane lage .
idhar panditoan ne jab yah bat suni to unake man mean eershya utpann huee . ve dal baandhakar tulasidas ji ki ninda karane lage aur us pustak ko nasht kar dene ka prayatn karane lage . unhoanne pustak churane ke liye do chor bheje . choroan ne jakar dekha ki tulasidas ji ki kuti ke asapas do vir dhanushaban liye pahara de rahe haian . ve b de hi sundar shyam aur gaur varn ke the. unake darshan se choroan ki buddhi shuddh ho gayi . unhoanne usi samay se chori karana chho d diya aur bhajan mean lag gaye. tulasidas ji ne apane liye bhagavan ko kasht hua jan kuti ka sara saman luta diya, pustak apane mitr todaramal ke yahaan rakh di . isake bad unhoanne ek doosari prati likhi . usi ke adhar par doosari pratilipiyaan taiyar ki jane lagian . pustak ka prachar dinoan din badhane laga . idhar panditoan ne aur koee upay n dekh shrimadhusoodan sarasvati ji ko us pustak ko dekhane ki prerana ki . shrimadhusoodan sarasvati ji ne use dekhakar b di prasannata prakat ki aur us par yah sammati likh di-
anandakanane hyasminjangamastulasitaruah.
kavitamanjari bhati ramabhramarabhooshita॥
apane dirgh jivan-kal mean tulasidas ne kalakramanusar nimnalikhit kalajayi granthoan ki rachanaean kian -
- ramalalanahachhoo,
- vairagyasandipani,
- ramajnaprashn,
- janaki-mangal,
- ramacharitamanas,
- satasee,
- parvati-mangal,
- gitavali,
- vinay patrika,
- krishna-gitavali,
- baravai ramayan,
- dohavali aur
- kavitavali
tulasidas ji ne kul 22 kritiyoan ki rachana ki hai jinamean se paanch b di evan chhah madhyam shreni mean ati haian.
mukhy rachanaean
thumb|tulasidas ramacharitamanas – “ramacharit” (ram ka charitr) tatha “manas” (sarovar) shabdoan ke mel se “ramacharitamanas” shabd bana hai. atah ramacharitamanas ka arth hai “ram ke charitr ka sarovar”. sarvasadharan mean yah “tulasikrit ramayan” ke nam se jana jata hai tatha yah hindoo dharm ki mahan kavy rachana hai.
dohavali -dohavali mean doha aur soratha ki kul sankhya 573 hai.
kavitavali - solahavian shatabdi mean rachi gayi kavitavali mean shri ramachandr ji ke itihas ka varnan kavitt, chaupaee, savaiya adi chhandoan mean ki gee hai. ramacharitamanas ke jaise hi kavitavali mean sat kand haian.
gitavali -gitavali, jo ki sat kandoan vali ek aur rachana hai, mean shri ramachandr ji ki kripaluta ka varnan hai.
vinay patrika -vinay patrika mean 279 stuti gan haian jinamean se pratham 43 stutiyaan vividh devataoan ki haian aur shesh ramachandr ji ki.
krishna gitavali -krishna gitavali mean shri krishna ji 61 stutiyaan hai.
chhoti rachanaean
baravai ramayan, janaki mangal, ramalala nahachhoo, ramajna prashn, parvati mangal, hanuman bahuk, sankat mochan aur vairagy sandipani tulasidas ji ki chhoti rachanaean haian.
ramacharitamanas ke bad hanuman chalisa, jo ki hinduoan ki dainik prarthana kahi jati hai, tulasidas ji ki atyant lokapriy sahity rachana hai.
- REDIRECT saancha:inhean bhi dekhean