रस

ras ka shabdik arth hai 'anand'. kavy ko padhane ya sunane se jis anand ki anubhooti hoti hai, use 'ras' kaha jata hai.

• pathak ya shrota ke hriday mean sthit sthayibhav hi vibhavadi se sanyukt hokar ras ke roop mean parinat ho jata hai.
• ras ko 'kavy ki atma' ya 'pran tatv' mana jata hai.

bharatamuni dvara ras ki paribhasha

ras utpatti ko sabase pahale paribhashit karane ka shrey bharat muni ko jata hai. unhoanne apane 'natyashastr' mean ath prakar ke rasoan ka varnan kiya hai. ras ki vyakhya karate hue bharatamuni kahate haian ki sab naty upakaranoan dvara prastut ek bhavamoolak kalatmak anubhooti hai. ras ka keandr rangamanch hai. bhav ras nahian, usaka adhar hai kiantu bharat ne sthayi bhav ko hi ras mana hai.

bharatamuni ne likha hai- vibhavanubhavavyabhichari- sanyogadrasanishpatti arthat vibhav, anubhav tatha sanchari bhavoan ke sanyog se ras ki nishpatti hoti hai. at: bharatamuni ke 'ras tattv' ka adharabhoot vishay naty mean ras ki nishpatti hai.

• kavy shastr ke marmajn vidvanoan ne kavy ki atma ko hi ras mana hai. any vidvanoan ke anusar ras ki paribhasha is prakar hai-

1. achary dhananjay ke anusar, 'vibhav, anubhav, sattvik, sahity bhav aur vyabhichari bhavoan ke sanyog se asvadyaman sthayi bhav hi ras hai.
2. sahity darpanakar achary vishvanath ne ras ki paribhasha is prakar di hai- vibhavenanubhaven vyakt: sachcharina tatha. rasatameti ratyadi: sthayibhav: sachetasamh॥
3. d aau. vishvambhar nath kahate haian, "bhavoan ke chhandatmak samanvay ka nam hi ras hai."
4. achary shyam suandar das ke anusar, "sthayi bhav jab vibhav, anubhav evan sanchari bhavoan ke yog se asvadan karane yogy ho jata hai, tab sahriday prekshak ke hriday mean ras roop mean usaka asvadan hota hai."
5. achary ramachandr shukl ke anusar, jis prakar atma ki muktavastha jnanadasha kahalati hai. usi prakar hriday ki muktavastha ras dasha kahalati hai.

ras ke avayav

ras ke char avayav ya aang haian:-

sthayi bhav

sthayi bhav ka matalab hai pradhan bhav. pradhan bhav vahi ho sakata hai jo ras ki avastha tak pahuanchata hai. kavy ya natak mean ek sthayi bhav shuroo se akhiri tak hota hai. sthayi bhavoan ki sankhya 9 mani gee hai. sthayi bhav hi ras ka adhar hai. ek ras ke mool mean ek sthayi bhav rahata hai. atev rasoan ki sankhya bhi 9 haian, jinhean navaras kaha jata hai. moolat: navaras hi mane jate haian. bad ke acharyoan ne 2 aur bhavoan vatsaly aur bhagavad vishayak rati ko sthayi bhav ki manyata di hai. is prakar sthayi bhavoan ki sankhya 11 tak pahuanch jati hai aur tadanuroop rasoan ki sankhya bhi 11 tak pahuanch jati hai.

vibhav

sthayi bhavoan ke udbodhak karan ko vibhav kahate haian. vibhav do prakar ke hote haian-

• alanban vibhav
• uddipan vibhav

alanban vibhav

jisaka alanban ya sahara pakar sthayi bhav jagate haian alanban vibhav kahalata hai. jaise- nayak-nayika. alanban vibhav ke do paksh hote haian:-

1. ashrayalanban
2. vishayalanban

jisake man mean bhav jage vah ashrayalanban tatha jisake prati ya jisake karan man mean bhav jage vah vishayalanban kahalata hai. udaharan : yadi ram ke man mean sita ke prati rati ka bhav jagata hai to ram ashray hoange aur sita vishay.

uddipan vibhav

jin vastuoan ya paristhitiyoan ko dekhakar sthayi bhav uddipt hone lagata hai uddipan vibhav kahalata hai. jaise- chaandani, kokil koojan, ekaant sthal, ramanik udyan, nayak ya nayika ki sharirik cheshtaean adi.

anubhav

manogat bhav ko vyakt karane vale sharir-vikar anubhav kahalate haian. anubhavoan ki sankhya 8 mani gee hai-

• stanbh
• sved
• romaanch
• svar-bhang
• kamp
• vivarnata (rangahinata)
• ashru
• pralay (sanjnahinata ya nishcheshtata).

sanchari ya vyabhichari bhav

man mean sancharan karane vale (ane-jane vale) bhavoan ko sanchari ya vyabhichari bhav kahate haian. sanchari bhavoan ki kul sankhya 33 mani gee hai-

sanchari ya vyabhichari bhav

harsh	vishad	tras	lajja	glani
chianta	shanka	asooya	amarsh	moh
garv	utsukata	ugrata	chapalata	dinata
j data	aveg	nirved	dhriti	mati
bibodh	shram	alasy	nidra	svapn
smriti	mad	unmad	avahittha	apasmar (moorchchha)
vyadhi (rog)	maran

ras ke prakar

ras	sthayi bhav	udaharan	chitr
shrriangar ras	rati/prem	shrriangar ras (sanbhog shrriangar) bataras lalach lal ki, murali dhari lukay. sauanh kare, bhauanhani hansai, dain kahai, nati jay. (bihari) viyog shrriangar (vipralanbh shrriangar) nisidin barasat nayan hamare, sada rahati pavas rritu ham pai jab te syam sidhare॥ (sooradas)	80px
hasy ras	has	tanboora le manch par baithe premapratap, saj mile pandrah minat ghanta bhar alap. ghanta bhar alap, rag mean mara gota, dhire-dhire khisak chuke the sare shrota. (kaka hatharasi)
karun ras	shok	sok bikal sab rovahian rani. roopu silu balu teju bakhani॥ karahian vilap anek prakara. parihian bhoomi tal barahian bara॥(tulasidas)
vir ras	utsah	vir tum badhe chalo, dhir tum badhe chalo. samane paha d ho ki sianh ki daha d ho. tum kabhi ruko nahian, tum kabhi jhuko nahian॥ (dvarika prasad maheshvari)	80px
raudr ras	krodh	shrikrishna ke sun vachan arjun kshobh se jalane lage. sab shil apana bhool kar karatal yugal malane lage॥ sansar dekhe ab hamare shatru ran mean mrit p de. karate hue yah ghoshana ve ho ge uth kar kh de॥ (maithilisharan gupt)
bhayanak ras	bhay	udhar garajati siandhu lahariyaan kutil kal ke jaloan si. chali a rahian phen ugalati phan phailaye vyaloan - si॥ (jayashankar prasad)
vibhats ras	jugupsa/ghrina	sir par baithyo kag aankh dou khat nikarat. khianchat jibhahian syar atihi anand ur dharat॥ gidh jaanghi ko khodi-khodi kai maans uparat. svan aangurin kati-kati kai khat vidarat॥(bharatendu)
adbhut ras	vismay/ashchary	akhil bhuvan char- achar sab, hari mukh mean lakhi matu. chakit bhee gadgadh vachan, vikasit drig pulakatu॥(senapati)
shaant ras	sham\nirved (vairagy\vitarag)	man re tan kagad ka putala. lagai booand binasi jay chhin mean, garab karai kya itana॥ (kabir)
vatsaly ras	vatsaly	kilakat kanh ghutaruvan avat. manimay kanak nand ke aangan bimb pakarive ghavat॥(sooradas)	80px
bhakti ras	bhagavadh vishayak rati\anurag	ram japu, ram japu, ram japu bavare. ghor bhav nir- nidhi, nam nij nav re॥	80px

vishesh

• shrriangar ras ko rasaraj ya rasapati kaha gaya hai.
• natak mean 8 hi ras mane jate haian kyoanki vahaan shaant ko ras nahian gina jata. bharat muni ne rasoan ki sankhya 8 mani hai.
• shrriangar ras ke vyapak dayare mean vatsal ras v bhakti ras a jate haian, isalie rasoan ki sankhya 9 hi manana zyada upayukt hai.

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sanbandhit lekh

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