रावण
ravan / Ravana
[[chitr:Ravana-Ramlila-Mathura-2.jpg|thumb|250px|dashanan ravan, ramalila, mathura
Ravana, Ramlila, Mathura]]
ravan ramayan ka ek vishesh patr hai. ravan lanka ka raja tha. vah apane das siroan ke karan bhi jana jata tha (sadharan se das guna adhik mastishk shakti), jisake karan usaka nam dashanan (dash = das + anan = mukh) bhi tha. kisi bhi kriti ke liye achchhe patroan ke sath hi sath bure patroan ka hona ati avashyak hai. kintu ravan mean avagun ki apeksha gun adhik the. jitane vala hamesha apane ko uttam likhata hai, atah ravan ko bura kaha gaya hai. ravan ko charoan vedoan ka jnata kaha gaya hai. sangit ke kshetr mean bhi ravan ki vidvata apane samay mean advitiy mani jati hai. bela namak vady jise aangrezi mean vayalin kahate haian, ravan ne hi banaya tha.
tathy
- ravan shiv bhakt tha. kailash parvat ko uthane ki katha ki moorti mathura mean mili hai.
- ramakatha mean ravan aisa patr hai, jo ram ke ujjval charitr ko ubharane ka kam karata hai.
- ravan ne ram ki patni sita ka haran kiya tha. ram ne ravan ko yuddh mean mar kar sita ko chhu daya.
ravan ramayan ka ek vishesh patr hai. kisi bhi kriti ke liye achchhe patroan ke sath hi sath bure patroan ka hona ati avashyak hai. kintu ravan mean avagun ki apeksha gun adhik the. yadi ravan n hota to ramayan ki rachana bhi n ho pati. dekha jaye to ramakatha mean ravan hi aisa patr hai, jo ram ke ujval charitr ko ubharane kam karata hai.
ravan ka uday
padm puran, shrimadbhagavat puran, koorm puran, ramayan, mahabharat, anand ramayan, dashavataracharit adi granthoan mean ravan ka ullekh hua hai. ravan ke uday ke vishay mean bhinn-bhinn granthoan mean bhinn-bhinn prakar ke ullekh milate haian.
- padmapuran tatha shrimadbhagavat puran ke anusar hiranyaksh evan hiranyakashipu doosare janm mean ravan aur kuanbhakarn ke roop mean paida hue.
- valmiki ramayan ke anusar ravan pulasty muni ka pota tha arthat unake putr vishvashrava ka putr tha. vishvashrava ki varavarnini aur kaikasi namak do patniyaan thi. varavarnini ke kuber ko janm dene par sautiya dah vash kaikasi ne kubela mean garbh dharan kiya. isi karan se usake garbh se ravan tatha kumbhakarn jaise kroor svabhav vale bhayankar rakshas utpann huye.
- tulasidas ji ke ramacharitamanas mean ravan ka janm shap ke karan hua tha. ve narad evan pratap bhanu ki kathaoan ko ravan ke janm karan batate haian.
ravan ke gun
- ravan me kitana hi rakshasatv kyoan n ho, usake gunoan vismrit nahian kiya ja sakata. ravan ek ati buddhiman brahman tatha shankar bhagavan ka bahut b da bhakt tha. vah maha tejasvi, pratapi, parakrami, roopavan tatha vidvan tha.
- valmiki usake gunoan ko nishpakshata ke sath svikar karate huye use charoan vedoan ka vishvavikhyat jnata aur mahan vidvan batate haian. ve apane ramayan mean hanuman ka ravan ke darabar mean pravesh ke samay likhate haian-
aho roopamaho dhairyamahotsavamaho dyuti:.
aho rakshasarajasy sarvalakshanayuktata॥
age ve likhate haian "ravan ko dekhate hi ram mugdh ho jate haian aur kahate haian ki roop, saundary, dhairy, kanti tatha sarv lakshanayukt hone par bhi yadi is ravan mean adharm balavan n hota to yah devalok ka bhi svami ban jata."
- ravan jahaan dusht tha aur papi tha vahian usamean shishtachar aur ooanche adarsh vali maryadayean bhi thian. ram ke viyog mean duahkhi sita se ravan ne kaha hai, "he site! yadi tum mere prati kam bhav nahian rakhati to maian tujhe sparsh nahian kar sakata." shastroan ke anusar vandhya, rajasvala, akama adi stri ko sparsh karane ka nishedh hai atah apane prati akama sita ko sparsh n karake ravan maryada ka hi acharan karata hai.
- valmiki ramayan aur ramacharitamanas donoan hi granthoan mean ravan ko bahut mahattv diya gaya hai. rakshasi mata aur rrishi pita ki santan hone ke karan sadaiv do paraspar virodhi tattv ravan ke antahkaran ko mathate rahate haian.
ravan ke avagun
[[chitr:Ravana-Ramlila-Mathura-9.jpg|ravan dahan, ramalila, mathura
Ravana Dahan, Ramlila, Mathura|thumb|200px]]
- valmiki ravan ke adharmi hone ko usaka mukhy avagun manate haian. unake ramayan mean ravan ke vadh hone par mandodari vilap karate huye kahati hai, "anek yajnoan ka vilop karane vale, dharm vyavasthaoan ko to dane vale, dev-asur aur manushyoan ki kanyaoan ka jahaan-tahaan se haran karane vale! aj too apane in pap karmoan ke karan hi vadh ko prapt hua hai."
- tulasidas ji keval usake ahankar ko hi usaka mukhy avagun batate haian. unhoanne ravan ko bahari taur se ram se shatru bhav rakhate huye hriday se unaka bhakt bataya hai. tulasidas ke anusar ravan sochata hai ki yadi svayan bhagavan ne avatar liya hai to maian jakar unase hath poorvak bair karooanga aur prabhu ke ban ke aghat se pran chho dakar bhav-bandhan se mukt ho jaooanga.
ravan ke das sir
ravan ke das sir hone ki charcha ramayan mean ati hai. vah krishnapaksh ki amavasya ko yuddh ke liye chala tha tatha ek-ek din kramashah ek-ek sir katate haian. is tarah dasavean din arthat shuklapaksh ki dashami ko ravan ka vadh hota hai. ramacharitamanas mean yah bhi varnan ata hai ki jis sir ko ram apane ban se kat dete haian punah usake sthan par doosara sir ubhar ata tha. vichar karane ki bat hai ki kya ek aang ke kat jane par vahaan punah naya aang utpann ho sakata hai? vastutah ravan ke ye sir kritrim the- asuri maya se bane huye. marich ka chaandi ke binduoan se yukt svarn mrig ban jana, ravan ka sita ke samaksh ram ka kata hua sir rakhana adi se siddh hota hai ki rakshas mayavi the. ve anek prakar ke indrajal (jadoo) janate the. to ravan ke das sir aur bis hathoan ko bhi kritrim mana ja sakata hai.
shivatandavastotramh
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