अयोध्या काण्ड वा. रा.
ayodhya kand va. ra.
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| vivaran | 'ramayan' lagabhag chaubis hazar shlokoan ka ek anupam mahakavy hai, jisake madhyam se raghu vansh ke raja ram ki gatha kahi gayi hai. |
| rachanakar | maharshi valmiki |
| rachanakal | treta yug |
| bhasha | sanskrit |
| mukhy patr | ram, lakshman, sita, hanuman, sugriv, aangad, meghanad, vibhishan, kumbhakarn aur ravan. |
| sat kand | balakand, ayodhyakand, aranyakand, kishkindhakand, sundarakand, yuddhakand (lankakand), uttarakand. |
| sanbandhit lekh | ramacharitamanas, ramalila, pum chariu, ramayan samany jnan, bharat milap. |
| any janakari | ramayan ke sat kandoan mean kathit sargoan ki ganana karane par sampoorn ramayan mean 645 sarg milate haian. sarganusar shlokoan ki sankhya 23,440 ati hai, jo 24,000 se 560 shlok kam hai. |
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ayodhyakand valmiki dvara rachit prasiddh hindoo granth 'ramayan' aur gosvami tulasidas krit 'shriramacharitamanas' ka ek bhag (kand ya sopan) hai.
sarg tatha shlok
ayodhyakand mean raja dasharath dvara ram ko yuvaraj banane ka vichar, ram ke rajyabhishek ki taiyariyaan, ram ko rajaniti ka upadesh, shriram ka abhishek sunakar manthara ka kaikeyi ko ukasana, kaikeyi ka kopabhavan mean pravesh, raja dasharath se kaikeyi ka varadan maangana, raja dasharath ki chinta, bharat ko rajyabhishek tatha ram ko chaudah varsh ka vanavas, shriram ka kaushalya, dasharath tatha mataoan se anujna lekar lakshman tatha sita ke sath vanagaman, kausalya tatha sumitra ke nikat vilap karate hue dasharath ka pranatyag, bharat ka agaman tatha ram ko lene chitrakoot gaman, ram-bharat-sanvad, jabali-ram-sanvad, ram-vasishth-sanvad, bharat ka lautana, ram ka atri ke ashram gaman tatha anusooya ka sita ko pativrat dharm ka upadesh adi kathanak varnit hai. ayodhyakand mean 119 sarg haian tatha in sargoan mean sammilit roopen shlokoan ki sankhya 4,286 hai. is kand ka path putrajanm, vivah tatha gurudarshan hetu kiya jana chahie-
putrajanm vivahadau gurudarshan ev ch.
pathechch shrrinuyachchev dvitiyan kandamuttamamh॥[1]
sankshipt katha
ram ke rajyabhishek ki taiyari
narad ji kahate haian- bharat ke nanihal chale jane par, lakshman sahit shri ramachandr hi pita-mata adi ke seva-satkar mean rahane lage. ek din raja dasharath ne shri ramachandr se kaha- "raghunandan! meri bat suno. tumhare gunoan par anurakt ho prajajanoan ne man-hi-man tumhean raj-sianhasan par abhishikt kar diya hai. praja ki yah hardik ichchha hai ki tum yuvaraj bano; at: kal prat: kal maian tumhean yuvaraj pad pradan kar dooanga. aj rat mean tum sita sahit uttam vrat ka palan karate hue sanyamapoorvak raho."
raja ke ath mantriyoan tatha vasishth ne bhi unaki is bat ka anumodan kiya. un ath mantriyoan ke nam is prakar haian- drishti, jayant, vijay, siddharth, rajyavardhan, ashok, dharmapal tatha sumantr.[2] inake atirikt vasishth bhi mantrana dete the. pita aur mantriyoan ki batean sunakar shriraghunath ji ne 'tathastu' kahakar unaki ajna shirodhary ki aur mata kaushalya ko yah shubh samachar batakar devataoan ki pooja karake ve sanyam mean sthit ho gaye. udhar maharaj dasharath vasishth adi mantriyoan ko yah kahakar ki "ap log shri ramachandr ke rajyabhishek ki samagri jutayean", kaikeyi ke bhavan mean chale gaye.
kaikeyi ka kopabhavan mean jana
kaikeyi ke manthara namak ek dasi thi, jo b di dushta thi. usane ayodhya ki sajavat hoti dekh, shri ramachandr ke rajyabhishek ki bat janakar, rani kaikeyi se sara hal kah sunaya. ek bar kisi aparadh ke karan shri ramachandr ne manthara ko usake pair pak d kar ghasita tha. usi vair ke karan vah sada yahi chahati thi ki ram ka vanavas ho jaye. manthara rani kaikeyi se boli- "kaikeyi! tum utho, ram ka rajyabhishek hone ja raha hai. yah tumhare putr ke liye, mere liye aur tumhare liye bhi mrityu ke saman bhayankar vrittant hai. isamean koee sandeh nahian hai." manthara kub di thi. usaki bat sunakar rani kaikeyi ko prasannata huee. unhoanne kubja ko ek abhooshan utar kar diya aur kaha-
[[chitr:Ramlila-Mathura-3.jpg|ram janm,ramalila, mathura
Rambirth, Ramlila, Mathura|thumb|left|250px]]
"mere liye to jaise ram haian, vaise hi mere putr bharat bhi haian. mujhe aisa koee upay nahian dikhayi deta, jisase bharat ko rajy mil sake."
manthara ne us har ko pheank diya aur kupit hokar kaikeyi se kaha- "o nadan! too bharat ko, apane ko aur mujhe bhi ram se bacha. kal ram raja hoange. phir ram ke putroan ko rajy milega. kaikeyi! ab rajavansh bharat se door ho jayega. maian bharat ko rajy dilane ka ek upay batati hooan. pahale ki bat hai. devasur-sangram mean shambarasur ne devataoan ko mar bhagaya tha. tere svami bhi us yuddh mean gaye the. us samay toone apani vidya se rat mean svami ki raksha ki thi. isake liye maharaj ne tujhe do var dene ki pratijna ki thi, is samay unhian donoan varoan ko unase maang. ek var ke dvara ram ka chaudah varshoan ke liye vanavas aur doosare ke dvara bharat ka yuvaraj-pad par abhishek maang le. raja is samay ve donoan var de deange."
is prakar manthara ke protsahan dene par kaikeyi anarth mean hi arth ki siddhi dekhane lagi aur boli-
[[chitr:Sita-Haran-Ramlila-Mathura-5.jpg|sita haran, ramalila, mathura
Kidnapping of Sita, Ramlila, Mathura|thumb|250px]]
"kubje! toone b da achchha upay bataya hai. raja mera manorath avashy poorn kareange." aisa kahakar vah kopabhavan mean chali gayi aur prithvi par achet-si hokar p di rahi.
ram ka vanagaman
udhar maharaj dasharath brahman adi ka poojan karake jab kaikeyi ke bhavan mean aye to use rosh mean bhari huee dekhakar tab raja ne poochha- "sundari! tumhari aisi dasha kyoan ho rahi hai? tumhean koee rog to nahian sata raha hai? athava kisi bhay se vyakul to nahian ho? batao, kya chahati ho? maian abhi tumhari ichchha poorn karata hooan. jin shriram ke bina maian kshan bhar bhi jivit nahian rah sakata, unhian ki shapath khakar kahata hooan, tumhara manorath avashy poorn karooanga. sach-sach batao, kya chahati ho?"
kaikeyi boli- "rajan! yadi ap mujhe kuchh dena chahate ho, to apane saty ki raksha ke liye pahale ke diye hue do varadan dene ki kripa karean. maian chahati hooan, ram chaudah varshoan tak sanyamapoorvak van mean nivas karean aur in samagriyoan ke dvara aj hi bharat ka yuvaraj pad par abhishek ho jae. maharaj! yadi ye donoan varadan ap mujhe nahian deange to maian vish pikar mar jaooangi." yah sunakar raja dasharath vajr se ahat hue ki bhaanti moorchchhit hokar bhoomi par gir p de. phir tho di der mean chet hone par unhoanne kaikeyi se kaha- "pap poorn vichar rakhane vali kaikeyi! too samast sansar ka apriy karane vali hai. ari! maianne ya ram ne tera kya biga da hai, jo too mujhase aisi bat kahati hai? keval tujhe priy lagane vala yah kary karake maian sansar mean bhali-bhaanti nindit ho jaooanga. too meri stri nahian, kalaratri hai. mera putr bharat aisa nahian hai. papini! mere putr ke chale jane par jab maian mar jaooanga to too vidhava hokar rajy karana." [[chitr:Hanuman-Ram-Laxman.jpg|hanuman ram aur lakshman ko le jate hue|thumb|200px|left]]
raja dasharath saty ke bandhan mean bandhe the. unhoanne shriramachandr ko bulakar kaha- "beta! kaikeyi ne mujhe thag liya. tum mujhe kaid karake rajy ko apane adhikar mean kar lo. anyatha tumhean van mean nivas karana hoga aur kaikeyi ka putr bharat raja banega." shriramachandr ne pita aur kaikeyi ko pranam karake unaki pradakshina ki aur kaushalya ke charanoan mean mastak jhukakar unhean santvana di. phir lakshman aur patni sita ko sath le, brahmanoan, dinoan aur anathoan ko dan dekar, sumantr sahit rath par baithakar ve nagar se bahar nikale. us samay mata-pita adi shok se atur ho rahe the. us rat mean shriramachandr ne tamasa nadi ke tat par nivas kiya. unake sath bahut-se puravasi bhi gaye the. un sabako sote chho dakar ve age badh gaye. prat: kal hone par jab shriramachandr nahian dikhayi diye to nagar nivasi nirash hokar pun: ayodhya laut aye.
ram ka chitrakoot nivas
shriramachandr ke chale jane se raja dasharath bahut du:khi hue. ve rote-rote kaikeyi ka mahal chho dakar kaushalya ke bhavan mean chale aye. us samay nagar ke samast stri-purush aur ranivas ki striyaan phoot-phootakar ro rahi thian. shriramachandr ne chir str dharan kar rakha tha. ve rath par baithe-baithe shrriangaverapur ja pahuanche. vahaan nishadaraj guh ne unaka poojan, svagat-satkar kiya. shriraghunath ne iangudi-vriksh ki j d ke nikat vishram kiya. lakshman aur guh donoan rat bhar jagakar pahara dete rahe.
prat:kal shriram ne rath sahit sumantr ko vida kar diya tatha svayan lakshman aur sita ke sath nav se ganga-par ho ve prayag mean gaye. vahaan unhoanne maharshi bharadvaj ko pranam kiya aur unaki ajna le vahaan se chitrakoot parvat ko prasthan kiya. chitrakoot pahuanch kar unhoanne vastupooja karane ke anantar (parnakuti banakar) mandakini ke tat par nivas kiya. raghunath ji ne sita ko chitrakoot parvat ka ramaniy drishy dikhalaya. isi samay ek kaue ne sita ji ke komal shri aang mean nakhoan se prahar kiya. yah dekh shriram ne usake oopar siank ke astr ka prayog kiya. jab vah kaua devataoan ka ashray chho d kar shriramachandr ki sharan mean aya, tab unhoanne usaki keval ek aankh nasht karake use jivit chho d diya.
raja dasharath ki mrityu
shriramachandr ke van gaman ke pashchath chhathe din ki rat mean raja dasharath ne kaushalya se pahale ki ek ghatana sunayi, jisamean unake dvara kumaravastha mean sarayoo ke tat par anajan mean yajnadatt-putr shravan kumar ke mare jane ka vrittant tha.
"shravan kumar pani lene ke liye sarayoo nadi ke tat par aya tha. us samay usake gh de ke bharane se jo shabd ho raha tha, usaki ahat pakar maianne use koee jangali-jantu samajha aur shabdavedhi ban se usaka vadh kar dala. yah samachar pakar usake pita aur mata ko b da shok hua. ve bar-bar vilap karane lage. us samay shravan kumar ke pita ne mujhe shap dete hue kaha- "rajan! ham donoan pati-patni putr ke bina shokatur hokar pran tyag kar rahe haian; tum bhi hamari hi tarah putr viyog ke shok se maroge; (tumhare putr mareange to nahian, kiantu) us samay tumhare pas koee putr maujood n hoga."
[[chitr:Hanuman.jpg|thumb|220px|hanuman
Hanuman]]
"kaushalye! aj us shap ka mujhe smaran ho raha hai. jan p data hai, ab isi shok se meri mrityu hogi." itani katha kahane ke pashchath raja dasharath ne 'ha ram' kah kar svarg lok ko prayan kiya. kaushalya ne samajha, maharaj shok se atur haian; is samay niand a gayi hogi. aisa vichar karake ve so gayian. prat:kal jagane vale soot, magadh aur bandi jan sote hue maharaj ko jagane lage; kiantu ve n jage. tab unhean mara hua jan rani kaushalya 'hay! maian mari gayi' kahakar prithvi par gir p dian. phir to samast nar-nari phoot-phootakar rone lage.
chitrakoot mean bharat ki ram se bheant
maharshi vasishth ne raja dasharath ke shav ko tel bhari nauka mean rakhava kar bharat ko unake nanihal se tatkal bulavaya. bharat aur shatrughn apane mama ke rajamahal se nikalakar sumantr adi ke sath shighr hi ayodhya puri mean aye. yahaan ka samachar janakar bharat ko b da du:kh hua. kaikeyi ko shok karati dekh usaki kathor shabdoan mean ninda karate hue bole-
"ari! toone mere mathe kalank ka tika laga diya. mere sir par apayash ka bhari bojh lad diya." phir unhoanne kaushalya ki prashansa karake tailapoorn nauka mean rakhe hue pita ke shav ka sarayoo tat par aantyeshti sanskar kiya. tadanantar vasishth adi gurujanoan ne kaha- "bharat! ab rajy grahan karo." bharat bole- "maian to shri ramachandr ko hi raja manata hooan. ab unhean yahaan lane ke liye van mean jata hooan." aisa kahakar ve vahaan se dal-bal sahit chal diye aur shrriangaverapur hote hue prayag pahuanche. vahaan maharshi bharadvaj ko namaskar karake ve prayag se chale aur chitrakoot mean shriram evan lakshman ke samip a pahuanche. vahaan bharat ne shriram se kaha- "raghunath ji! hamare pita maharaj dasharath svargavasi ho gaye. ab ap ayodhya mean chalakar rajy grahan karean. maian apaki ajna ka palan karate hue van mean jaooanga."
yah sunakar shriram ne pita ka tarpan kiya aur bharat se kaha- "tum meri charan paduka lekar ayodhya laut jao. maian rajy karane ke liye nahian chalooanga. pita ke saty ki raksha ke liye chir evan jata dharan karake van mean hi rahooanga." shriram ke aisa kahane par sadal-bal bharat laut gaye aur ayodhya chho dakar nandigram mean rahane lage. vahaan bhagavan ki charan-padukaoan ki pooja karate hue ve rajy ka bhali-bhaanti palan karane lage.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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