कीटों का रूपांतरण
kitoan ka roopaantaran
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vivaran | kit pray: chhota, reangane vala, khandoan mean vibhajit sharir vala aur bahut-si taangoan vala ek prani haian. |
jagat | jiv-jantu |
up-sangh | heksapoda (Hexapoda) |
kul | iansekta (Insecta) |
lakshan | inaka sharir khandoan mean vibhajit rahata hai jisamean sir mean mukh bhag, ek jo di shrriangikaean, pray: ek jo di sanyukt netr aur bahudha saral netr bhi pae jate haian. |
jatiyaan | praniyoan mean sabase adhik jatiyaan kitoan ki haian. kitoan ki sankhya any sab praniyoan ki sammilit sankhya se chhah guni adhik hai. inaki lagabhag das barah lakh jatiyaan ab tak jnat ho chuki haian. pratyek varsh lagabhag chhah sahastr nee jatiyaan jnat hoti haian aur aisa anuman hai ki kitoan ki lagabhag bis lakh jatiyaan sansar mean vartaman mean haian. |
avas | kitoan ne apana sthan kisi ek hi sthan tak simit nahian rakha hai. ye jal, sthal, akash sabhi sthanoan mean pae jate haian. jal ke bhitar tatha usake oopar tairate hue, prithvi par rahate aur akash mean u date hue bhi ye milate haian. |
akar | kitoan ka akar pray: chhota hota hai. apane sookshm akar ke karan ve vahut labhanvit hue haian. yah labh any dirghakay praniyoan ko prapt nahian hai. |
any janakari | kitoan ki aisi kee jatiyaan haian, jo himaank se bhi lagabhag 50 seantigret niche ke tap par jivit rah sakati haian. doosari or kitoan ke aise varg bhi haian jo garam pani ke un shrotoan mean rahate haian jisaka tap 40 se adhik hai. |
adhikatar kitoan mean aande se jo dianbh nikalata hai, usaki akriti aur roop vayask kit se bahut bhinn hota hai. bahut se kitoan mean dianbh ki akriti aur roop mean praudh banane tak anek parivartan a jate haian. is prakar ke parivartanoan ko roopaantaran[1] kahate haian. jin kitoan mean roopaantaran nahian hota unhean roopaantaranahin[2] kahate haian. udaharan :- isaka udaharan leha[3] hai.
metabola=
adhikatar kitoan mean roopatanran hota hai aur aise kit metabola[4] kahalate haian. kitoan mean do prakar ke kriyashil apraudh pae jate haian. ye nianph aur dianbh kahalate haian.
nianph
nianph us apraudh avastha ke kit ko kahate haian, jo aande se nikalane par adhik unnat hota hai. nianph ka poorn kit se yah bhed hota hai ki isamean paksh tatha bahy jananeandriyaan vikasit nahian hoti haian. ye sthal par rahate haian aur pakshoan ka vikasan bahy roop se hota hai.
apoorn roopaantaran
nianph se poorn kit tak ki vriddhi kramik hoti hai aur pyoopa nahian banata hai. is prakar ke parivartan ka apoorn roopaantaran tatha kit samuday ko hemimetabola[5] bhi kahate haian, jaise eekh ki pankhi. dianbh us apraudh avastha ke kit se bahut bhinn hota hai. isamean pakshoan ka koee bhi bahy chinh nahian paya jata hai.
poorn roopaantaran
dianbh ko poorn kit banane se pahale pyoopa banana p data hai. is prakar ke parivartan ko poorn roopaantaran[6] kahate haian, jaise ghareloo makkhi mean.
hayapar roopaantaran
atyalp kitoan mean upariparivardhan hota hai. in danbhoan mean dianbh avastha mean bhi atyadhik parivartan paya jata hai. inamean char ya isase adhik spasht instar hote haian. inake jivan aur vyavahar mean bhi bahut bhed paya jata hai. is prakar ke parivartan ko hayapar[7] roopaantaran kahate haian, jaisa kaiantheris[8] mean. kitoan mean roopaantaran ke niyaman ka do haramonoan se sanbandh hota hai-
- keanchul patan karak haramon
- shaishav[9] haramon
keanchul patan karak haramon
yah haramon pray: vakshiy granthi utsarjit karata hai. yah haramon kit ka keanchul patan karata hai. praudh mean vakshiy granthi lupt ho jati hai, isaliye keanchul patan bhi samapt ho jata hai. yadi nianph ki vakshiy granthi praudh mean jama di jae to praudh bhi keanchul patan karane lagega.
shaishav haramon
ye karapora alata utsarjit karate haian. yah haramon praudh ke lakshanoan ko dabae rakhata hai aur nianphoan ke lakshanoan ke tivrata se ubha dane mean sahayata karata hai. roopaantaran ke samay vakshiy granthi ki kriya shilata badh jati hai aur isake haramon ka prabhav itana paryapt hota hai ki shaishav haramonoan ke prabhav ko kuchal deta hai aur is prakar roopaantaran ho jata hai. neaid[10] jalavasi aur bahut kriyashil apraudh hote haian. inake shvasaradhran band hote hai. shvasan jal shvas nalikaoan dvara hota hai. ye kaianpodieeph aaurm[11] hote haian, arthath taangean bhali-bhaanti vikasit aur sharir chauras hota hai.
dianbh
dianbh holometabolas aur haiparametabolas kitoan ki ek apraudh avastha hai. dianbh jab aande se nikalate hai, tab bhinn-bhinn jatiyoan ke anusar unake parivardhan ki dashaean bhinn-bhinn ho sakati haian. inaki yah dasha kuchh aansh tak yok ki matra par, jo inaki vriddhi ke lie aande mean upasthit rahata hai, nirbhar rahati hai. pray: aisa dekha gaya hai ki jab aande mean yok ki matra kam hoti hai, tab aande se nikalate samay dianbh adhik apoorn hota hai. dianbh char prakar ke hote haian-
protop aaud
ye dianbh par jivi kala pakshoan mean pae jate haian, kyoanki inake aandoan mean yok atyalp matra mean hota hai. ye dianbh lagabhag bhrooniy avastha mean hi hote haian. inaka jivit rahana isalie sanbhav hota hai ki ya to ye any kitoan ke aandoan mean ya unake sharir ke bhitar rahate haian, jahaan inako vriddhi karane ke lie atyadhik pushtikar bhojan milata hai. inake udar mean khand ya kisi prakar ke avayav nahian pae jate haian.
p aaulip aaud ya iroosiph aaurm
dianbhoan ke sharir mean spasht khand aur udar par avayav bhi hote haian. shrriangikaean aur vidyaman hoti haian, kiantu chhoti hoti haian. ye apane bhojan ke samip rahate haian aur is karan alasi hote haian. aise dianbh illi kahalate haian aur titaliyoan, shalabhoan tatha saphilaiz mean pae jate haian.
aauligop aaud
dianbhoan ke vakshiy avayav[17] bhali prakar vikasit hote haian, kiantu udar mean puchchhiy avayav ke atirikt any koee avayav nahian pae jate. ye maansahari hote haian aur shikar ki khoj mean ghoomate phirate haian. in kriyashil jivan ke karan inake netr tatha any iandriyaan bhali prakar vikasit hoti haian. ye dianbh sthal par rahane vale kanchuk pakshoan aur jal pakshoan mean pae jate haian.
aipodas
yah dianbh krimi ki akriti ke hote haian. inaki taangean bahut chhoti hoti haian ya poornataya lupt ho jati haian. ye anek samuday ke kitoan mean pae jate haian, jaise ghareloo makkhi ka dianbh ki tarah hote haian.
pripyoopa
dianbh avastha ke aant ke nikat kit roopaantar ki taiyari karata hai aur nishchit roopaantar hone ke poorv[18] ki dasha mean a jata hai. is dasha mean kit bhojan karana band kar deta hai. sharir bahut siku d jata hai aur usaka rang nasht ho jata hai. pripyoopa dasha ke pashchath kit ke sharir ki akriti mean parivartan a jate haian. bhavishy mean hone vale praudh ke netr aur taangoan ke bahy vikasan ke chihn pratham bar drishtigochar hote haian. pray: isi avastha mean koya[19]banata hai. dvipakshoan mean isi avastha mean pyoopa ka khol banata hai.
pyoopa
pyoopa ki avastha mean kit vishram karata hai. isi avastha mean paksh tatha any avayav apane adhicharm ki thailiyoan se bahar nikal ate haian aur pratyaksh ho jate haian. aantarik iandriyoan ko bhavishy mean banane vale poorn kit ki avashyakataoan ke anusar pun rnirman ho jata hai. prathamik prakar ka pyoopa dektikas[20] pyoopa kahalata hai. isake avayav isake sharir se nahian chipake rahate, varanh gati kar sakate haian. machchhar ke pyoopa jalavasi haian aur chapalata se tairate rahate haian. aaubatekt[21] arthath kavachit pyoopa ke paksh aur taangean sharir se chipaki rahati haian. inamean pragati nahian hoti hai. is prakar ke pyoon adhikatar shalabhoan mean pae jate haian. koarkatet[22] pyoopa mean dianbh ki aantim keanchul ka patan nahian hota hai, kiantu yahi keanchul k di banakar pyoopa ke bahar pyoopariyam ban jati hai. is prakar ka pyoopa ghareloo makkhi mean paya jata hai.
pyooperiyam
pyooperiyam se nikalate samay kit apane khol ka vibhinn prakar se to date hai. chabakar khane vale kit apane janbh[23] se apane pyooperiyam ko kutar-kutar kar bahar nikalate haian. choosakar bhojan karane vale kit ek taral padarth ka utsarjan karate haian, jo koya ke resham ko ek or se komal kar deta hai aur is karan sahaj mean hi toot jata hai. kuchh shalki-pakshoan mean kaante hote haian, jinase ve pyooperiyam mean darar banate hai. kuchh dvipakshoan ke sir par ek thaili hoti haian, jisamean vayu bharakar ve pyooperiyam ke sire ko dabate haian. is prakar yah sira toot jata hai aur makkhi nikal ati hai. pyooperiyam se nikalate samay kit sabase pahale apane avayavoan ko bahar nikalata hai. is samay isake pag siku de hote haian, phir reangakar sabase samip yah jo bhi avalanb pa jata hai, us par isi dasha mean vishram karane lagata hai. pakshoan mean sharir ke rakt pravah se aur peshiyoan ke siku dane tatha phailane se paksh bhi shighrata se phail jate haian. pyooperiyam se nikalane ke kuchh samay pashchath hi kit u dane ka prayatn karane lagata hai.
poornakit ka parivardhan
histolisis
apoorn roopaantaran vale kitoan mean poornakit ke parivardhan mean parivartan kramik aur rnivighn hote haian. ye bahy tatha aantarik donoan hote haian. rniph ki iandriyaan poornakit ki iandriyoan mean parivartit ho jati hai. isake akar mean vriddhi ke atirikt bahut hi tho da any parivartan ata hai. poorn roopaantaran vale kitoan mean dianbhoan ki iandriyaan aur ootak pyoopa ki avastha mean vibhinn matra mean vilay ho jate haian. is vidhi ko histolisis[24] kahate haian. sath hi sath unake sthan mean praudh ki iandriyaan ban jati haian. navin ootakoan ka yah utpadan histojinesis[25] kahalata hai. donoan prakar ke parivartan iandriyoan ki avichchhinnata ko nasht kie bina hi sath-sath hote rahate haian. vastav mean poornakit ka banana dianbh mean hi aranbh ho jata hai. sabase pahale poornakit ki kalikaean banati haian. ye kalikaean bhavishy mean hone vale kit ke un sab bhagoan ka, jinaki isako avashyakata hogi, punarniman karati haian tatha un sab iandriyoan ko bhi banati haian, jo dianbh mean nahian paee jati hai.
dayapaj
dayapaj[26] arthath vriddhi ki rok. anukool paristhitiyoan mean bahut se kitoan ka parivardhan rnivighn hota rahata hai. is bich yadi koee pratikool paristhiti a jati hai, jaise nimn tap; to kuchh samay ke liye parivardhan rook jata hai, kiantu paristhiti sudharate hi parivardhan turant hi phir aranbh ho jata hai. kiantu bahut se aise kit bhi haian, jinamean bahy dashaean to anukool pratit hoti hai. kiantu kuchh nishchit paristhitiyoan ke karan parivardhan rook jata hai. vriddhi ki yah rukavat kuchh saptahoan se lekar kee varshoan tak ki ho sakati hai. vibhinn jatiyoan ke kitoan mean yah avadhi pray: bhinn hoti hai aur is prakar parivartan mean vilamb ho jata hai. kiantu aant mean yah rookavat jiv ne itihas ki kisi ek nishchit avastha mean hi hoti hai. yah avastha aande ki, apoorn kit ki, ya vayask ki, kisi ki bhi ho sakati hai aur kit ki jati par nirbhar rahati hai. resham k krimi shalabh, baanbiks morai[27] jo aande sharad rritu mean deta hai, unamean dayap aauz hota hai. jab tak garami dene se pahale inake seantigred par n rakha jay in aandoan se dianbh nahian nikalate haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ metamorphosis
- ↑ emetabola-Ametabola
- ↑ lepizama-Lepisma
- ↑ Metabola
- ↑ hemimetabola
- ↑ holometabola-Holometabola
- ↑ Hyper
- ↑ Cantharis
- ↑ juvenile
- ↑ Naiad
- ↑ Campodeiform
- ↑ Protopod
- ↑ Polypod
- ↑ Eruciform
- ↑ Oligopod
- ↑ Apodous)
- ↑ taangean
- ↑ pripyoopa-Prepupa
- ↑ kokoon
- ↑ Decticous
- ↑ Obtect
- ↑ Coarctate
- ↑ maiandibal
- ↑ Histolysis
- ↑ histogenesis
- ↑ Diapause
- ↑ Bombyx mori
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