कीटों के विशेष अंग

kit vishay soochi

kit    lakshan evan jatiyaan    poshan evan avas    sharirik lakshan    sir    rang-roop    vishesh aang    pachan tantr    shvasan tantr    tantrika tantr    parivahan tantr    utsarjan tantr    peshi tantr    janan tantr    parivardhan    roopaantaran    vanaspati aur kitoan ka sanbandh    parajivi kit    sangitajn kit    kit mandaliyaan aur samajik kit    jalavasi kit    kitoan ke poorvaj    kitoan ka bhaugolik vitaran    kit ganoan mean paraspar sanbandh

kitoan ke vishesh aang
vibhinn prakar ke kit|200px|center
vivaran	kit pray: chhota, reangane vala, khandoan mean vibhajit sharir vala aur bahut-si taangoan vala ek prani haian.
jagat	jiv-jantu
up-sangh	heksapoda (Hexapoda)
kul	iansekta (Insecta)
lakshan	inaka sharir khandoan mean vibhajit rahata hai jisamean sir mean mukh bhag, ek jo di shrriangikaean, pray: ek jo di sanyukt netr aur bahudha saral netr bhi pae jate haian.
jatiyaan	praniyoan mean sabase adhik jatiyaan kitoan ki haian. kitoan ki sankhya any sab praniyoan ki sammilit sankhya se chhah guni adhik hai. inaki lagabhag das barah lakh jatiyaan ab tak jnat ho chuki haian. pratyek varsh lagabhag chhah sahastr nee jatiyaan jnat hoti haian aur aisa anuman hai ki kitoan ki lagabhag bis lakh jatiyaan sansar mean vartaman mean haian.
avas	kitoan ne apana sthan kisi ek hi sthan tak simit nahian rakha hai. ye jal, sthal, akash sabhi sthanoan mean pae jate haian. jal ke bhitar tatha usake oopar tairate hue, prithvi par rahate aur akash mean u date hue bhi ye milate haian.
akar	kitoan ka akar pray: chhota hota hai. apane sookshm akar ke karan ve vahut labhanvit hue haian. yah labh any dirghakay praniyoan ko prapt nahian hai.
any janakari	kitoan ki aisi kee jatiyaan haian, jo himaank se bhi lagabhag 50 seantigret niche ke tap par jivit rah sakati haian. doosari or kitoan ke aise varg bhi haian jo garam pani ke un shrotoan mean rahate haian jisaka tap 40 se adhik hai.

kitoan ke vaksh

ye kitoan ki pragati ka keandr hai. yah sharir ka madhyabhag hone ke karan pragati ke lie bahut hi upayukt hai. is bhag mean tin khand hote haian, jo agravaksh, madhy vaksh aur pashch vaksh kahalate haian. bhinn-bhinn samuday ke kitoan ke tin khandoan mean atyadhik bhed paya jata hai. phudakane vale kitoan ka agr vaksh sabase adhik vikasit hota hai, kiantu madhy vaksh aur pashch vaksh ka akar pakshoan ki paristhiti par nirbhar karata hai. jab donoan pakshoan ka akar lagabhag ek-sa hota hai tab donoan vakshoan ka akar bhi ek-sa paya jata hai. dvipakshoan mean keval ek hi jo di arthath agr paksh hi hote haian. is karan madhy paksh sabase adhik b da hota hai.
paksh vihin kitoan mean pratyek khand ka prishthiy bhag saral tatha avibhajit rahata hai. paksh vale khandoan ka prishthiy bhag lakshanik roop se tin bhagoan mean vibhajit rahata hai, jo ek doosare ke pichhe kram se ju de rahate haian aur pragvarooth, varooth tatha varoothika kahalate haian, varoothika ke pichhe ki or pashch varoothika bhi ju di rahati hai jo aantakhandiy jhilli ke k de hone se ban jati hai. in sab bhagoan mean varoothika hi pray: sabase mukhy hoti hai. donoan or ke parshvak bhi do-do bhagoan mean vibhajit rahata hai. agrabhag udarosthi aur pashchabhag parshvak khand kahalata hai. pratiprishth mean besistarnam aur pharkastarnam namak do bhag hote haian. pharkastarnam ke pichhe ki or aantakhandiy jhilli k di hokar spainastarnam banakar ju d jati hai.

kitoan ke pad

vaksh ke pratyek khand mean ek jo di taang hoti hai. pratyek taang paanch bhagoan mean vibhajit rahati hai. taang ka nikatasth bhag, jo vaksh se ju da hota hai, kakshaang kahalata hai. doosara chhota-sa bhag oorookat, tisara lanba aur drin bhag urvika, chau da lamba patala bhag jangha aur paanchava bhag gulph kahalata hai, jo do se lekar paanch khandoan mean vibhajit ho sakata hai. gulph ke aantim khand mean nakhar tatha gaddi ju di hoti hai aur yah bhag gulphagr kahalata hai. nakhar pray: ek jo di hote haian. gaddiyoan ko palavilai, eroliya, epidiya adi nam die ge haian.

visheshata

taangoan mean upayogitanusar anek visheshataean drishtigochar hoti haian. kheriya ki tiviyaan mitti khodane ke lie haiangi ke akar ki ho jati hai aur isake niche ki or tin khand vala gulph ju da hota hai. phudakane vale tiddoan ki pashch tagoan ki oorvika bahut pusht hoti hai. shramik madhumakkhiyoan ki pashch taangean parag ekatr karane ke lie upayogi hoti haian. inamean gulph mean kramanusar shrenibaddh bal lage hote haian, jinase ve parag ekatr karate haian, aur jangha ke kinare par kaante hote haian, jo parag ko chhatte tak le jane ke lie parag daliya ka kary karate haian. akhetipatang ki taangean gaman karane vali hone ke karan oorookoot do bhagoan mean vibhajit ho jata hai. jooan ki taangean baloan ko pak dane ke lie bani hone ke karan gulph mean keval ek hi khand hota hai tatha usamean ek hi nakhar laga hota hai. bal ko pak de rahane ke lie nakhar vishesh akriti ka hota hai. jalavasi kitoan ki taangean tairane ke lie bani hoti haian. inamean lambe bal hote haian, jo patavar ka kam karate haian. baddhahast ki agali taangean shikar ko pak dane ke lie hoti haian. isaka kakshaang bahut lanba, oorvika aur jangha kaantedar hoti hai. khate samay vah isi se shikar ko pak de rahata hai. ghareloo makkhi ke gulph mean nakhar, upabarhikaean aur bal hote haian, jinake karan inaka adhomukh chalana sambhav hota hai.

pragati

chalate samay kit apani agali aur pichhali taangean ek or, madhy taang doosari or age badhata hai. sara sharir kshan bhar ko shesh tin taangoan ki bani tipaee par ashrit rahata hai. agali taang sharir ko age ki or khianchati hai, pichhali taang usi or ko dhakka deti hai aur madhy taang sharir ko sahara dekar niche ya oopar karati hai. age ki or badhate samay kit mo dadar marg ka anusaran karate haian.

kitoan ke paksh

mahin tatha do paratoan se bane hote haian, jo madhy vaksh aur pashch vaksh ke prishthiy bhagoan ke kinare se daean baean parat ki bhaanti vikasit hote haian. pakshoan mean k di, mahin nalikaoan ka ek dhaancha hota hai, jo isako dridh banata hai. ye nalikaean shiraean kahalati haian. paksh kuchh-kuchh trikonakar hote haian. isaka age vala kinara parshv, bahar ki or vala bahari aur tisari or ka kinara gudiy kahalata hai. parshv kinare ki or ki shirayean pray: moti ya adhik pas hoti haian, kyoanki u date samay sabase adhik dab paksh ke isi bhag par p dati hai. shiraoan ki rachana kit ke vargikaran mean bahut mahatv rakhati haian. mukhy shiraoan ke nam is prakar haian-

1. kausta
2. sabakausta
3. rediyas
4. midiyas
5. kyoobitas
6. ainail

bhinn-bhinn samuday ke kitoan ke pakshoan ki shiraoan ki rachana mean bahut bhed paya jata hai. inamean se kuchh shiraean to lupt ho jati haian, ya unaki shakhaoan ki sankhya badh jati hai. in shiraoan ke bich-bich mean kh di shiraean bhi paee jati haian.

paksh ka mahatv

kitoan ke jivan mean pakshoan ko atyadhik mahatv hai. paksh hone ke karan ye apane bhojan ki khoj mean door-door tak u d jate haian. inako apane shatruoan se bachakar bhag nikalane mean pakshoan se b di sahayata milati hai. pakshoan ki upasthiti ke karan kitoan ko apani parivyapti mean, apane sangoan ko prapt karane mean, aanda rakhane ke lie upayukt sthan khojane mean tatha apana ghoansala aise sthanoan par banane mean jahaan unake shatru n pahuanch paean, bahut sahayata milati hai.

kitoan ki u dan

u date samay pratyek paksh mean peshiyoan ke do samoohoan dvara pragati hoti hai. ek samooh to un peshiyoan ka hai, jinaka pratyaksh roop mean pakshoan se koee sanbandh pratit nahian hota hai. ye peshiyaan vaksh ki bhitti par ju di hoti haian. inaka paksh ki j d se koee sanbandh nahian rahata hai. kh di peshiyaan vaksh ke prishthiy bhag ko dabati haian. vaksh ke pakshoan ki sandhi vishesh prakar ki hone ke karan, is dab ka yah prabhav hota hai ki paksh oopar ki or uth jate haian. lanban peshiyaan vaksh ke prishthiy bhag ko vrittakar bana deti haian, jisake prabhav se paksh niche ki or jhuk jate haian.
doosare samooh ki peshiyaan, pakshoan ki j d par, ya pakshoan ki j d se nanhean-nanhean skilerait par, ju di hoti haian, inamean se pakshoan ko phailane vali agr aur pashch peshiyaan mukhy haian. u date samay pratham samooh ki peshiyaan jab pakshoan ko bari-bari se oopar-niche karati haian, tab pakshoan ko phailane vali peshiyaan mukhy hai. u date samay pratham samooh ki peshiyaan jab pakshoan ko bari-bari se upar-niche karati hai, tab pakshoan ko phailane vali peshiyaan pakshoan ko age aur pichhe ki or karati hai. u date hue kit ke pakshoan ke ar-par hava ka bahav is prakar ka hota hai ki paksh ke oopari aur nichale tal par dab mean aantar rahata hai. phalat: ek vayu gati ka bal ban jata hai, jo pakshoan ko oopar ki or sadhe rahata hai aur sharir ko u date samay sahara deta hai.

kanpan

makkhiyoan aur madhumakkhiyoan mean paksh kanpan sabase aghik hota hai. ghareloo makkhi ka paksh kanpan prati sekand 180 se 167 bar hota hai, madhumakkhi mean 180 se 203 bar, aur machchhar mean 278 se 307 bar. odoneta gan ke kitoan ka paksh kanpan 28 bar prati sekand hota hai. atyadhik veg se u dane vale kitoan mean bajashalabh aur odoneta ki ek jati ke kit ki gati 90 prati ghanta tak pahuanch jati hai.

kitoan ka udar

udar upapachay aur janan ka keandr hai. isamean 10 khand hote haian, aandhakagan mean 12 khand aur any kuchh ganoan mean 11 khand pae jate haian. bahut se ganoan mean agr aur pashch bhag ke khandoan mean bhed hota hai aur is karan in bhagoan ke khandoan ki sima kathinata se nishchit ho pati hai, kiantu guda sab kitoan mean aantim khand par hi hoti hai. kuchh kitoan mean aantim khand par ek jo di khand vali puchchhakaean lagi hoti hai. nar mean nauvaan khand janan sanbandhi hota hai. isake thik pichhe or pratiprisht par janan sanbandhi chhidr paya jata hai aur par janan avashy lage rahate haian. janan avashy ya bahy jananeandriyaan ye haian-ek shishan, ek jo di aantar avayav aur ek jo di bahy avayav, jo maithun ke samay mada ko thamane ka kam karati hai. ye sab avashy navean khand se vikasit hote haian. mada mean athavaan aur nauvaan janan sanbandhi khand hai aur inhian par janan avashy ya bahy jananeandriyaan lagi hoti hai. ye iandriyaan aanda rakhane ka kary karati hai. isalie inako aandasthapak bhi kahate haian. mada ka janan sanbandhi chhidr saantave pratiprisht ke thik pichhe hota hai, kiantu kuchh ganoan mean yah adhik pichhe ki or hat jata hai.

kitoan ka kapat

aandasthapak vibhinn samudayoan ke kitoan mean vibhinn kary karata hai, yatha madhumakkhiyoan, barroan aur bahut si chiantiyoan mean dank ka, safilaij mean paudhoan mean aanda rakhane ke lie gahara chhed karane ka tatha akhetipatang mean doosare kitoan ke sharir mean aanda rakhane ke lie chhed karane ka. kuchh kitoan mean aandasthapak nahian hota hai. bahut mean kanchuk pakshoan aur makkhiyoan mean sharir ke aantim khand doorabin ke sadrish ho jate haian aur aanda rakhane ka kary karate haian. aandasthapak tin jo di avayavoan ka bana hota hai, jo agr, pashch aur prishthiy kapat kahalate haian. agr kapat athavean khand se aur shesh do jo di kapat nave khand se vikasit hote haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

kit vishay soochi

kit    lakshan evan jatiyaan    poshan evan avas    sharirik lakshan    sir    rang-roop    vishesh aang    pachan tantr    shvasan tantr    tantrika tantr    parivahan tantr    utsarjan tantr    peshi tantr    janan tantr    parivardhan    roopaantaran    vanaspati aur kitoan ka sanbandh    parajivi kit    sangitajn kit    kit mandaliyaan aur samajik kit    jalavasi kit    kitoan ke poorvaj    kitoan ka bhaugolik vitaran    kit ganoan mean paraspar sanbandh