कीट गणों में परस्पर संबंध
kit ganoan mean paraspar sanbandh
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vivaran | kit pray: chhota, reangane vala, khandoan mean vibhajit sharir vala aur bahut-si taangoan vala ek prani haian. |
jagat | jiv-jantu |
up-sangh | heksapoda (Hexapoda) |
kul | iansekta (Insecta) |
lakshan | inaka sharir khandoan mean vibhajit rahata hai jisamean sir mean mukh bhag, ek jo di shrriangikaean, pray: ek jo di sanyukt netr aur bahudha saral netr bhi pae jate haian. |
jatiyaan | praniyoan mean sabase adhik jatiyaan kitoan ki haian. kitoan ki sankhya any sab praniyoan ki sammilit sankhya se chhah guni adhik hai. inaki lagabhag das barah lakh jatiyaan ab tak jnat ho chuki haian. pratyek varsh lagabhag chhah sahastr nee jatiyaan jnat hoti haian aur aisa anuman hai ki kitoan ki lagabhag bis lakh jatiyaan sansar mean vartaman mean haian. |
avas | kitoan ne apana sthan kisi ek hi sthan tak simit nahian rakha hai. ye jal, sthal, akash sabhi sthanoan mean pae jate haian. jal ke bhitar tatha usake oopar tairate hue, prithvi par rahate aur akash mean u date hue bhi ye milate haian. |
akar | kitoan ka akar pray: chhota hota hai. apane sookshm akar ke karan ve vahut labhanvit hue haian. yah labh any dirghakay praniyoan ko prapt nahian hai. |
any janakari | kitoan ki aisi kee jatiyaan haian, jo himaank se bhi lagabhag 50 seantigret niche ke tap par jivit rah sakati haian. doosari or kitoan ke aise varg bhi haian jo garam pani ke un shrotoan mean rahate haian jisaka tap 40 se adhik hai. |
eptarigota[1] upavarg adhikatar vividh prakar ke kitoan ka ek samooh hai aur us upavarg ka keval tha. isanyoora[2] gan hi terigot[3] kitoan ki vikas vali mukhy shreni ke sanbhavat: samip hai. aisa tark dvara siddh kiya gaya hai ki aiptarigota ke shesh tin ganoan ko kit manana hi nahian chahie. kiantu aisa koee santosh janak karan pratit nahian hota hai, jisase in tinoan ganoan ko is upavarg se prithakh kar diya jae, yadyapi isamean koee sandeh nahian ki ye vilakshan rachanaean pradarshit karate haian. udaharanarth:- koleanbola[4] gan ke kitoan mean keval nau khand hi hote haian. protyoora[5] gan ke kitoan mean ainam aaurphosis (Anamorphosis) hota hai, diplyoora[6], gan ke kitoan mean alakshanik trekiyal tantr paya jata hai, diplyoora aur koleanbala ki shrriangikaoan ke kashabh[7] mean peshiyaan hoti haian. upavarg terigota do bhagoan mean vibhajit kiya gaya hai-
eksoptarigota ganoan ke ephimeraptara[10] aur odoneta[11] mean paraspar nikat sanbandh hai, kyoanki ye donoan hi peliapter aaun[12], gan haian.
sharir ke siddhaant tatha samuday
yadi adhunik kitoan ke sharir ke siddhaant se vichar kiya jay to blaiteriya[13], maiantodiya[14], ais aauptara[15], joreptara[16], gail aaublaitodiya[17], rrijupaj[18],phezamaida[19], plik aauptara[20], darmeptara[21]aur eanbiaauptara[22] rrijupakshika arthoptaraed[23] samuday ke aantargat ate haian. nimnalikhit lakshanoan ke karan ye sab gun ek samuday banate haian- aparivartit mukhabhag, pashchapaksh mean vishal ainel lob[24] udar ke pashch sire par ek jo di sarasaee[25], aganit mailipagiyan nalikaeanaur pratiprishth tantrika tantu mean kee ek prithak-prithakh guchchhikaean. in ganoan mean se blaiteriya aur maiantodiya mean bahut adhik nikat sanbandh hone ke karan in donoan ko sath-sath diktiy aauptara[26] ke aantargat rakhate haian. eksoptarigota ke shesh gan, jinake nam haian- sokoptara[27], mailophaiga[28], saiphanakuleta[29], matkunagan[30] aur jhallaripaksh[31], matkunaganik[32] samuday ke aantargat ate haian.
samuday ke lakshan
matkunaganik samuday ke lakshan is prakar hai- vishesh prakar ke maiandibulet ya choosane vale mukhabhag hote haian, pashchapaksh mean ainel lob nahian paya jata, sarasaee ka abhav hota hai. mailapigiyan nalikaoan ki sankhya bahut tho di hoti hai aur pratiprishth tantrikatantu ki guchchhikaean lagabhag ekatribhoot ho jati hai. rrijupakshik aur matkunaganik samudayoan mean spasht bhed nahian haian, kyoanki joreptara mean pakshoan ki shiraean kuchh kshin ho jati hai, mailipigiyan nalikaoan ki sankhya bhi kam hoti hai aur tantrika tantu ki guchchhikaean bhi kuchh kuchh ekatribhoot ho jati hai. sokoptara aur mailophaiga mean spasht sanbandh pratit hota hai, kyoanki donoan mean vilakshan prakar ka haipophairiks[33] hota hai. sanbhavat: saiphanakuleta mailophaiga se nikat sanbandh rakhate haian. inase ve keval anek bahy aur aantarik rachanaoan tatha prakriti mean hi sadrishy nahian rakhate, apitu shvasaradhran ki rachana aur aande se bachche nikalane ki vidhi mean bhi sadrishy hai. ab prashn yah uthata hai ki juanoan ke donoan ganoan ko ek hi gan ke aantargat kyoan nahian mana jata. isaka karan yah hai ki donoan ganoan ke mukhabhagoan mean itana adhik aantar hota hai. ki inaka prithakh prithakh ganoan mean rakhana hi pray: uchit samajha jata hai.
painorapid samuday
iandopterigot kitoan ke vishay mean dhyan de to kalapaksh[34], strepsiptara[35], aur kanchukapaksh[36] ko any ganoan ke sath rakhane mean atyadhik kathinata upasthit hoti hai, at: inake atirikt shesh sab gan painorapid[37] samuday ke aantargat rakhe ge haian. painorapid samuday jalapaksh nyoor aauptara[38] ke sath mikaptara[39] par keandribhoot hai aur kuchh kuchh prithakh kiantu sanbandhi shakha banata hai. aisa adhik sanbhav hai ki mikaptara ke nimnasth sadasyoan se ek or dvipaksh[40] aur doosari or shalki paksh[41] aur lomapaksh[42] ki utpatti huee ho. saiphonaiptara[43] ke praudhoan ki rachana bahut bhinn hoti haian, kiantu isake dianbh dvipaksh ke upagan nimetosera[44] ke kuchh dianbhoan se bhinn nahian hote, aur yadi saiphonaiptara ki utpatti adi dvipakshoan se n huee ho to kam se kam painorapid samuday se to huee hi hogi. kalapaksh, kanchukapaksh aur strepsiptara ke vishay mean bhi kuchh kathinata pratit hoti hai.
kalapaksh ke upagan
kalapaksh ke upagan sianphayata[45] ke dianbh aur painorapid kitoan ke dianbhoan mean sadrishy hai, sath hi sath sianphayata ke pakshoan ki shira ki utpatti bina kisi kathinata ke, megaloptaran paitarn[46] se pratit hoti hai. in do karanoan se aisa bhi kaha jata hai ki kalapaksh ke poorvaj tatha jalapaksh aur any painorapid ganoan ke poorvaj ek hi the. kanchuk paksh ke vishay mean aisa vichar hai ki inaki utpatti any iandopterigot se bhinn roop mean huee. kiantu kuchh lekhakoan ka aisa anuman hai ki kanchukapaksh ki utpatti jalapakshiy akriti vale poorvajoan se huee. strepsiptara pray: kanchukapaksh se sanbandhit samajhe jate haian, kiantu kuchh lekhak inaka sanbandh kalapaksh ke nirdharit karate haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ Apterygota
- ↑ Thysanura
- ↑ Pterygote
- ↑ Collembola
- ↑ Protura
- ↑ Diplura
- ↑ Flagellum
- ↑ Exopterygota
- ↑ Endopterygota
- ↑ Ephemaroptera
- ↑ Odonata
- ↑ Palaeopteron
- ↑ Blattaria
- ↑ Mantodea
- ↑ Isoptera
- ↑ Zoraptere
- ↑ Gylloblattodea
- ↑ Orthoptera
- ↑ Phasmida
- ↑ Plecoptera
- ↑ Dermaptera
- ↑ Embioptera
- ↑ Orthopteroid
- ↑ Anal lobe
- ↑ Cerci
- ↑ Dictyopotera
- ↑ Psocoptera
- ↑ Mallophaga
- ↑ Siphonculata
- ↑ hemiptara-Hemiptera
- ↑ Thysanoptera
- ↑ Hemipteroid
- ↑ Hypopharynx
- ↑ Hymenoptera
- ↑ Strepsiptera
- ↑ Coleoptera
- ↑ Panorpid
- ↑ Neuroptera
- ↑ Mecoptera
- ↑ Diptera
- ↑ Lepidoptera
- ↑ Trichoptera
- ↑ Siphonaptera
- ↑ Nimatocera
- ↑ Symphyta
- ↑ megalopteran pattern
sanbandhit lekh