शाक्त
shakt arthat 'bhagavati shakti ki upasana'. shakt dharm shakti ki sadhana ka vijnan hai. isake matavalanbi shakt dharm ko bhi prachin vaidik dharm ke barabar hi purana manate haian. yah bat ullekhaniy hai ki is dharm ka vikas vaidik dharm ke sath hi sath ya sanatan dharm mean ise samaveshit karane ki zaroorat ke sath hi hua. yah hindoo dharm mean pooja ka ek pramukh svaroop hai, jise ab 'hindoo dharm' kaha jata hai, use tin aantahpravahit, parasparavyapi dharaoan mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai. vaishnavavad, bhagavan vishnu ki upasana; shaivavad, bhagavan shiv ki pooja; tatha shaktavad, devi ke shakti roop ki upasana. is prakar shaktavad dakshin eshiya mean vibhinn devi paramparaoan ko namit karane vala am shabd hai, jisaka samany kendr bindu deviyoan ki pooja hai.
shakti ki pooja
shakti ke anuyayiyoan ko aksar 'shakt' kaha jata hai. shakt n keval shakti ki pooja karate haian, balki usake shakti–avirbhav ko manav sharir evan jivit brahmand ki shakti ya oorja mean sanvardhit, niyantrit evan roopantarit karane ka prayas bhi karate haian. vishesh roop se mana jata hai ki shakti, kuandalini[1] ke roop mean manav sharir ke guda adhar tak sthit hoti hai. jatil dhyan evan yaun–yaugik anushthanoan ke zariye yah kuandalini shakti jagrit ki ja sakati hai. is avastha mean yah sookshm sharir[2] ki sushumna se oopar ki or uthati hai. marg mean kee chakroan ko bhedati huee, jab tak sir ke shirsh mean antim chakr mean pravesh nahian karati aur vahaan par apane pati-priyatam shiv ke sath harshonmadit hokar nahian milati. bhagavati evan bhagavan ke pauranik sanyojan ka anubhav harshonmadi–rahasyatmak samadhi ke roop mean manoan–daihik roop se kiya jata hai, jisaka visphoti paramanand kaha jata hai ki kapal kshetr se um dakar harshonmad evan gahananand ki badh ke roop mean niche ki or poore sharir mean bahata hai.
manyata
hinduoan ke shakt sampraday mean bhagavati durga ko hi duniya ki parashakti aur sarvochch devata mana jata hai[3] yah puran vastut: 'durga charitr' evan 'durga saptashati' ke varnan ke lie prasiddh hai. isilie ise shakt sampraday ka puran bhi kaha jata hai. shastroan mean kaha gaya hai- 'matar: sarvabhootanaan gav:' yani gay samast praniyoan ki mata hai. isi karan ary sanskriti mean panape shaiv, shakt, vaishnav, ganapaty, jain, bauddh, sikkh adi sabhi dharm-sanpradayoan mean upasana evan karmakaand ki paddhatiyoan mean bhinnata hone par bhi ve sab gau ke prati adar bhav rakhate haian. hindoo dharm ke anek sampradayoan mean vibhinn prakar ke tilak, chandan, haldi aur kesar yukt sugandhit padarthoan ka prayog karake banaya jata hai. vaishnav golakar bindi, shakt tilak aur shaiv tripundr se apana mastak sushobhit karate haian.
- dharm granth
shakt sampraday mean devi durga ke sanbandh mean 'shridurga bhagavat puran' ek pramukh granth hai, jisamean 108 devi pithoan ka varnan kiya gaya hai. unamean se bhi 51-52 shakti pithoan ka bahut hi mahattvapoorn sthan hai. isi mean durga saptashati bhi hai.
darshan
shaktoan ka yah manana hai ki duniya ki sarvochch shakti stren hai. isilie ve devi durga ko hi eeshvar roop mean poojate haian. duniya ke sabhi dharmoan mean eeshvar ki jo kalpana ki gee hai, vah purush ke saman ki gee hai. arthat eeshvar purush jaisa ho sakata hai, kiantu shakt dharm duniya ka ekamatr aisa dharm hai, jo srishti rachanakar ko janani ya stren manata hai. sahi mayane mean yahi ekamatr dharm striyoan ka dharm hai. shiv to shav hai, shakti param prakash hai. halaanki shakt darshan ki saankhy saman hi hai.
- prachinata
siandhu ghati sabhyata mean bhi matridevi ki pooja ke praman milate haian. shakt sampraday prachin sampraday hai. gupt kal mean yah uttar-poorvi bharat, kambodiya, java, borniya aur malaya pray:dvipoan ke deshoan mean lokapriy tha. bauddh dharm ke prachalan ke bad isaka prabhav kam hua.
hindoo astha ka pratibimb
saiddhaantik ya lokapriy dharmik pravarg ke roop mean shaktavad is hindoo astha ka pratibimb hai ki gramin evan sanskrit ki kianvadantiyoan ki asankhy deviyaan ek mahadevi ki abhivyaktiyaan haian. amataur par mana jata hai ki mahadevi ki avadharana prachin hai. lekin aitihasik roop se shayad isaka kalaankan madhy kal ka hai. jab atyadhik visham sthaniy evan akhil bharatiy paramparaoan ka ekikaran saiddhaantik roop se ekikrit dharmashastr mean kiya jata tha. dharmashastr pravarg ke aitihasik aur saiddhaantik roop se bhinn paramparaoan mean prayukt kiya ja sakata hai. madhyakalin puranoan ki vibhinn deviyoan ki pauranik kathaoan se lekar do pramukh devi shakhaoan ya shakt tantravad kuloan[4] se poorvavarti evan vartaman, vastutah asankhy sthaniy gramin deviyoan tak hai.
lokapriyata
aitihasik roop se shaktavad dakshin eshiya ke bahari ilaqe mean lokapriy raha hai. vishesh roop se kashmir, dakshin bharat, asam aur bangal mean, halaanki isake taantrik pratik aur anushthan kam se kam chhathi shatabdi se hindoo paramparaoan mean sarvavyapi rahe haian. hal mean paramparagat pravasi bharatiy janasankhya ke sath, kuchh bharat vidya shaikshik samuday mean aur vibhinn navayug evan narivadonmukhi paramparaoan ke sath, samanyatah pashchim mean zyada lokapriy shirshak tantravad ya tantr ke aantargat paramparagat, darshanik evan lokapriy shaktavad ke vividh svaroopoan ne pravesh kiya hai.
shakt sanskriti
krishna kal mean braj mean shakt sanskriti ka prabhav bahut badha. braj mean mahamaya, mahavidya, karoli, saancholi adi vikhyat shaktipith haian. mathura ke raja kans ne vasudev dvara yashoda se utpann jis kanya ka vadh kiya tha, use bhagavan shrikrishna ki pranarakshika devi ke roop mean pooja jata hai. devi shakti ki yah manyata braj se saurashtr tak phaili hai. dvaraka mean bhagavan dvarakanath ke shikhar par charchit siandoori akarshak devi pratima ko krishna ki bhagini[5] batalaya gaya hai, jo shikhar par virajaman hokar sada inaki raksha karati haian. braj to taantrikoan ka aj se 100 varsh poorv tak pramukh gadh tha. yahaan ke taantrik bharat bhar mean prasiddh rahe haian. kamavan bhi raja kamasen ke samay tantr vidya ka mukhy keandr tha, usake darabar mean anek taantrik rahate the.
uddeshy
sabhi sampradayoan ke saman hi shakt sampraday ka uddeshy bhi moksh hai. phir bhi shakti ka sanchay karo, shakti ki upasana karo, shakti hi jivan hai, shakti hi dharm hai, shakti hi saty hai, shakti hi sarvatr vyapt hai aur shakti ki sabhi ko avashyakata hai. balavan bano, vir bano, nirbhay bano, svatantr bano aur shaktishali bano. isilie nath aur shakt sampraday ke sadhak shaktiman banane ke lie tarah-tarah ke yog aur sadhana karate rahate haian. siddhiyaan prapt karate rahate haian. shakti se hi moksh paya ja sakata hai. shakti nahian hai to siddh, buddhi aur samriddhi ka koee matalab nahian hai.
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