बौद्ध विहार
[[chitr:Tawang-Monestary-Arunachal-Pradesh-5.jpg|thumb|250px|tavaang math, arunachal pradesh]] uchch shiksha mean dharmik vishayoan ke alava any vishay bhi shamil the, aur isaka kendr bauddh vihar hi tha. inamean se sabase prasiddh, bihar ka nalanda vishvavidyalay tha. any shiksha ke pramukh kendr vikramashila aur uddandapur the. ye bhi bihar mean hi the. in kendroan mean door-door se, yahaan tak ki tibbat se bhi, vidyarthi ate the. yahaan shiksha ni:shulk pradan ki jati thi. in vishvavidyalayoan ka kharch shasakoan dvara di gee mudra aur bhoomi ke dan se chalata tha. nalanda ko do sau gramoan ka anudan prapt tha. bauddh dharm mean bauddh bhikshuoan ke thaharane ke sthan ko vihar kahate haian. yahi vihar jo turkoan dvara diya gaya hai. vah bad mean bihar ho gaya. bihar shabd vihar ka apabhransh rup hai. yah shabd bauddh (mathoan) viharoan ki kshetriy bahulata ke karan (bihar) turkoan dvara diya hua nam hai. bauddh vihar ekanal mean vanavaya gaya tha.
shiksha ke keandr
shiksha ka ek any pramukh kendr kashmir tha. is kal mean kashmir mean shaiv mat tatha any matavalanbi shiksha kendr the. dakshin bharat mean maduree tatha shrriangeri mean bhi kee mahattvapoorn mathoan ki sthapana huee. in kendroan mean pramukh roop se dharm tatha darshan shastr par vichar-vimarsh hota tha. bharat ke vibhinn kshetroan mean sthapit mathoan aur shiksha kendroan ke karan vichar vinimay asani aur shighrata se desh ke ek bhag se doosare bhag tak ho sakate the. kisi darshan shastri ki vidya us samay tak poorn nahian mani jati thi jab tak vah desh ke vibhinn bhagoan mean jakar vahaan ke logoan se shastrarth n karata ho. is tarah desh mean vicharoan ke mukt aur shighratapoorn adan-pradan se bharat ki saanskritik ekata ko bahut bal mila, lekin isake bavajood is kal mean shikshit varg ka drishtikon adhik sankirn hota gaya. ve naye vicharoan ka pratipadan athava usaka svagat karane ke sthan par keval atit ke jnan par hi nirbhar karate the. ve bharat ke bahar panapane vale vaijnanik vicharoan se bhi svayan ko alag rakhate the. is pravritti ki jhalak hamean madhy eshiya ke prasiddh vaijnanik aur vidvanh alaberooni ki rachanaoan mean milati hai. alaberooni gyarahavian shatabdi ke prarambh mean qarib das varshoan tak bharat mean raha. yadyapi vah bharatiy jnan aur vijnan ka prashansak tha, usane yahaan ke shikshit vargoan aur visheshakar brahmanoan ki sankirnata ki charcha bhi ki haiah- 'ye ghamandi, garvile, danbhi tatha sankirn pravritti ke haian. ye pravritti se hi apane jnan ko doosaroan ko baantane ke mamale mean kanjoos haian aur is bat ka adhik se adhik khyal rakhate haian ki kahian aur koee jat ke kisi adami, visheshakar kisi videshi ko unaka jnan nahian mil jae. unaka vishvas hai ki unake alava aur kisi ko bhi vijnan ka koee jnan nahian hai.' jnan ko hi kuchh logoan tak simit rakhane ki unaki is pravritti tatha ghamand ke karan tatha kisi aur srot se prapt jnan ko tuchchh samajhane ke karan bharatavarsh is mamale mean pichh d gaya. kalantar mean use is pravritti ka bahut b da mooly chukana p da.
|
|
|
|
|
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh