मैथिलीशरण गुप्त

maithilisharan gupt
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poora nam	maithilisharan gupt
janm	3 agast, 1886
janm bhoomi	chiragaanv, jhaansi, uttar pradesh
mrityu	12 disanbar, 1964
mrityu sthan	chiragaanv, jhaansi
karm-kshetr	natakakar, lekhak, kavi
mukhy rachanaean	panchavati, saket, yashodhara, dvapar, jhankar, jayabharat
bhasha	brajabhasha
vidyalay	rajakiy vidyalay
puraskar-upadhi	padmabhooshan alankar, hindustani akadami puraskar, mangala prasad paritoshik, sahity vachaspati, di.lith. ki upadhi
pad	rashtrakavi, saansad
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

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maithilisharan gupt kh di boli ke pratham mahattvapoorn kavi haian. shri pan mahavir prasad dvivedi ji ki prerana se apane kh di boli ko apani rachanaoan ka madhyam banaya aur apani kavita ke dvara kh di boli ko ek kavy-bhasha ke roop mean nirmit karane mean athak prayas kiya aur is tarah brajabhasha - jaisi samriddh kavy - bhasha ko chho dakar samay aur sandarbhoan ke anukool hone ke karan naye kaviyoan ne ise hi apani kavy-abhivyakti ka madhyam banaya. hindi kavita ke itihas mean gupt ji ka yah sabase b da yogadan hai.

jivan parichay

maithilisharan gupt ji ka janm 3 agast 1886 chiragaanv, jhaansi, uttar pradesh mean hua tha. sanbhraant vaishy parivar mean janme maithilisharan gupt ke pita ka nam seth ramacharan aur mata ka nam shrimati kashibaee tha. unake pita ramacharan ek nishthavan prasiddh ram bhakt the. ramabhakti tatha kavy rachana gupt ji ko virasat mean prapt huee thi. gupt ji ne balyakal se 12 varsh ki ayu mean brajabhasha mean kavita ki rachana ka arambh kiya. muanshi ajameri ke sahachary ne unake kavy–sanskaroan ko vikasit kiya. unake vyaktitv mean prachin sanskaroan tatha adhunik vicharadhara donoan ka samanvay tha. maithilisharan gupt ji ko sahity jagat mean dadda nam se sambodhit kiya jata tha.

shiksha

maithilisharan gupt ji ki prarambhik shiksha jhaansi ke rajakiy vidyalay mean huee kintu usamean kavi ka man nahian rama aur antatah unhoanne ghar par hi sanskrit, hindi tatha baangla sahity ka vyapak adhyayan kiya.

lokasangrahi kavi

maithilisharan gupt ji svabhav se hi lokasangrahi kavi the aur apane yug ki samasyaoan ke prati vishesh roop se sanvedanashil rahe. unaka kavy ek or vaishnav bhavana se pariposhit tha, to sath hi jagaran v sudhar yug ki rashtriy naitik chetana se anupranit bhi tha. lala lajapataray, bal gangadhar tilak, vipinachandr pal, ganesh shankar vidyarthi aur madanamohan malaviy unake adarsh rahe. mahatma gaandhi ke bharatiy rajanitik jivan mean ane se poorv hi gupt ka yuva man garam dal aur tatkalin krantikari vicharadhara se prabhavit ho chuka tha. 'anagh' se poorv ki rachanaoan mean, visheshakar jayadrath vadh aur bharat bharati mean kavi ka krantikari svar sunaee p data hai. bad mean mahatma gaandhi, rajendr prasad, javahar lal neharoo aur vinoba bhave ke sampark mean ane ke karan vah gaandhivad ke vyavaharik paksh aur sudharavadi aandolanoan ke samarthak bane. 1936 mean gaandhi ne hi unhean maithili kavy–man granth bheant karate hue rashtrakavi ka sambodhan diya. mahavir prasad dvivedi ke sansarg se guptaji ki kavy–kala mean nikhar aya aur unaki rachanaean 'sarasvati' mean nirantar prakashit hoti rahian. 1909 mean unaka pahala kavy jayadrath–vadh aya. jayadrath–vadh ki lokapriyata ne unhean lekhan aur prakashan ki prerana di. 59 varshoan mean gupt ji ne gady, pady, natak, maulik tatha anudat sab milakar, hindi ko lagabhag 74 rachanaean pradan ki haian. jinamean do mahakavy, 20 khand kavy, 17 gitikavy, char natak aur gitinaty haian.

desh prem

kavy ke kshetr mean apani lekhani se sanpoorn desh mean rashtrabhakti ki bhavana bhar di thi. rashtraprem ki is ajastr dhara ka pravah buandelakhand kshetr ke chiragaanv se kavita ke madhyam se ho raha tha. bad mean is rashtraprem ki is dhara ko desh bhar mean pravahit kiya tha, rashtrakavi maithilisharan gupt ne.

jo bhara nahian hai bhavoan se jisamean bahati rasadhar nahian.
vah hriday nahian hai patthar hai, jisamean svadesh ka pyar nahian.

pitaji ke ashirvad se vah rashtrakavi ke sopan tak padasin hue. mahatma gaandhi ne unhean rashtrakavi kahe jane ka gaurav pradan kiya. bharat sarakar ne unaki sevaoan ko dekhate hue unhean do bar rajyasabha ki sadasyata pradan ki. hindi mean maithilisharan gupt ki kavy-sadhana sadaiv smaraniy rahegi. buandelakhand mean janm lene ke karan gupt ji bolachal mean buandelakhandi bhasha ka hi prayog karate the. dhoti aur bandi pahanakar mathe par tilak lagakar sant ke roop mean apani haveli mean baithe raha karate the. unhoanne apani sahityik sadhana se hindi ko samriddh kiya. maithilisharan gupt ke jivan mean rashtriyata ke bhav koot-koot kar bhar ge the. isi karan unaki sabhi rachanaean rashtriy vicharadhara se ot prot hai. ve bharatiy sanskriti evan itihas ke param bhakt the. parantu aandhavishvasoan aur thothe adarsho mean unaka vishvas nahian tha. ve bharatiy sanskriti ki navinatam roop ki kamana karate the.

mahakavy

thumb|maithilisharan gupt maithilisharan gupt ji ki prasiddhi ka mooladhar bharat–bharati hai. bharat–bharati un dinoan rashtriy svatantrata sangram ka ghoshanapatr ban gee thi. saket aur jayabharat, donoan mahakavy haian. saket ramakatha par adharit hai, kintu isake kendr mean lakshman ki patni urmila hai. saket mean kavi ne urmila aur lakshman ke dampaty jivan ke hridayasparshi prasang tatha urmila ki virah dasha ka atyant marmik chitran kiya hai, sath hi kaikeyi ke pashchattap ko darshakar usake charitr ka manovaijnanik evan ujjval paksh prastut kiya hai. yashodhara mean gautam buddh ki manini patni yashodhara kendr mean hai. yashodhara ki manahsthitiyoan ka marmik aankan is kavy mean hua hai. vishnupriya mean chaitany mahaprabhu ki patni kendr mean hai. vastutah gupt ji ne rabindranath thakur dvara baangla bhasha mean rachit 'kavyer upekshit narya' shirshak lekh se prerana prapt kar apane prabandh kavyoan mean upekshit, kintu mahimamayi nariyoan ki vyatha–katha ko chitrit kiya aur sath hi usamean adhunik chetana ke ayam bhi jo de.

vividh dharmoan, sampradayoan, mat–mataantaroan aur vibhinn sanskritiyoan ke prati sahishnuta v samanvay ki bhavana gupt ji ke kavy ka vaishishty hai. panchavati kavy mean sahaj vany–jivan ke prati gahara anurag aur prakriti ke manohari chitr haian, to nahush pauranik katha ke adhar ke madhyam se karm aur asha ka sandesh hai. jhankar vaishnav bhavana se otaprot gitikavy hai, to gurukul aur kaba–karbala mean kavi ke udar dharm–darshan ka praman milata hai. kh di boli ke svaroop nirdharan aur vikas mean gupt ji ka anyatam yogadan raha.

bharat-bharati

'bharat-bharati', maithilisharan guptaji dvara svadesh prem ko darshate hue vartaman aur bhavi durdasha se ubarane ke lie samadhan khojane ka ek saphal prayog hai. bharatavarsh ke sankshipt darshan ki kavyatmak prastuti 'bharat-bharati' nishchit roop se kisi shodh kary se kam nahian hai. guptaji ki srijanata ki dakshata ka parichay dene vali yah pustak kee samajik ayamoan par vichar karane ko vivash karati hai. yah samagri tin bhagoan mean baantian gayi hai.

atit-khand
bharat–bharati, yah bhag bharatavarsh ke itihas par garv karane ko poornat: vivash karata hai. us samay ke darshan, dharm-kal, prakritik sanpada, kala-kaushal, jnan-vijnan, samajik-vyavastha jaise tattvoan ko sankshipt roop se smaran karavaya gaya hai. atishayokti se door isaki samagri sanlagn di gayi tika-tippaniyoan ke praman ke karan saralata se grahy ho jati haian. megasthanij se lekar ar. si. datt. tak ke kathanoan ko prasangik dhang se pathakoan ke samaksh rakhana ek kushal niyojan ka soochak hai. nirapekshata ka dhyan rakhate hue ninda aur prashansa ke pradarshan hue hai, jaise mugal kal ke kuchh kroor shasakoan ki nianda huyi hai to akabar jaise mugal shasak ka bakhan bhi hua hai. aangrezoan ki unake vishkar aur adhunikikaran ke prachar ke karan prashansa bhi huee hai. thumb|left|'bharat–bharati' pustak ka avaran prishth

bharatavarsh ke darshan par ve kahate haian-
paye pratham jinase jagat ne darshanik sanvad haian-
gautam, kapil, jaimini, patanjali, vyas aur kanad hai.
niti par unake dvipad aise haian-
samany niti samet aise rajanitik granth haian-
sansar ke hit jo pratham punyacharan ke panth haian.
sootragranth ke sandarbh mean rrishiyoan ke vidvata par ve likhate haian-
un rrishi-ganoan ne sookshmata se kam kitana hai liya,
ashchary hai, ghat mean unhoanne sindhu ko hai bhar diya.

vartaman-khand
daridray, naitik patan, avyavastha aur apasi bhedabhav se joojhate us samay ke desh ki durdasha ko darshate hue, samajik nootanata ki maang rakhi gayi hai.

apani huyi atm-vismriti par ve kahate haian-
ham aj kya se kya hue, bhoole hue haian ham ise,
hai dhyan apane man ka, hamamean batao ab kise!
poorvaj hamare kaun the, hamako nahian yah jnan bhi,
hai bhar unake nam par do aanjali jal-dan bhi.

naitik aur dharmik patan ke lie guptaji ne upadeshakoan, sant-mahantoan aur brahmanoan ki nishkriyata aur mithya-vyavahar ko doshi man shabd ban chalaye haian. is tarah kavivar ki lekhani samajik durdasha ke mukhy karanoan ko khoz unake sudhar ki maang karati hai. hamare samajik uttaradayittv ki nishkriyata ko ujagar karate hue bhi 'vartaman khand' asha ki gaanth ko baandhe rakhati hai.

bhavishyath-khand

apane jnan, vivek aur vicharoan ki sima ko chhoote hue rashtkavi ne samasya samadhan ke hal khojane aur logoan se usake ke lie avahan karane ka bharasak prayas kiya hai .

ary vanshaj hinduoan ko desh punarsthapana ke lie prerit karate hue ve kahate haian-
ham hinduoan ke samane adarsh jaise prapt haian-
sansar mean kis jati ko, kis thaur vaise prapt haian,
bhav-sindhu mean nij poorvajoan ke riti se hi ham tarean,
yadi ho sakean vaise n ham to anukaran to bhi karean.

pustak ki aant ki do rachanaean shubhakamana aur vinay kavivar ki deshabhakti ki parichayak hai. tan mean desh sadbhavana ki oorja ka sanchar karane vali yah do rachanaean kisi prarthana se kam nahian lagati.

vah amar lekhani eeshvar se prarthana karati hai-
is desh ko he dinabandho!ap phir apanaie,
bhagavanh! bharatavarsh ko phir puny-bhoomi banaiye,
j d-tuly jivan aj isaka vighn-badha poorn hai,
heramb! ab avalanb dekar vighnahar kahalaie.

padmabhooshan alankar

1952 mean gupt ji rajyasabha ke sadasy manonit hue aur 1954 mean unhean padmabhooshan alankar se sammanit kiya gaya. isake atirikt unhean hindustani akadami puraskar, saket par inhean mangala prasad paritoshik tatha sahity vachaspati ki upadhi se bhi alankrit kiya gaya. kashi vishvavidyalay ne unhean di.lith. ki upadhi pradan ki. hindi kavita ke itihas mean gupt ji ka yah sabase b da yogadan hai. saket unaki rachana ka sarvochch shikhar hai.

pramukh kritiyaan	pramukh natak
nam prakashit varsh jayadrath vadh 1910 bharat–bharati 1912 panchavati 1925 saket 1933 yashodhara 1932 vishnupriya 1957 jhankar 1929 jayabharat 1952 dvapar 1936 kunal git ajit arjan aur visarjan	maulik natak bhas natak anagh svapnavasavadatta charanadas pratima tilottama abhishek nishkriy pratirodh avimarak visarjan

maithilisharan ke natakoan mean anagh jatak katha se sambaddh bodhisatv ki katha par adharit pady mean likha gaya natak hai.

mrityu

maithilisharan gupt ji ka dehavasan 12 disanbar, 1964 ko chiragaanv mean hi hua.

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bahari k diyaan

• maithilisharan gupt - anubhooti
• maan kah ek kahani
• maithilisharan gupt aur bharat-bharati
• maithilisharan gupt ki kavita 'ary'

sanbandhit lekh

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