दांडी मार्च

thumb|300px|daandi march ka ek drishy daandi march se abhipray us paidal yatra se hai, jo mahatma gaandhi aur unake svayan sevakoan dvara 12 march, 1930 ee. ko prarambh ki gee thi. isaka mukhy uddeshy tha- "aangrezoan dvara banaye ge 'namak qanoon ko to dana'." gaandhi ji ne apane 78 svayan sevakoan, jinamean veb milar bhi ek tha, ke sath sabaramati ashram se 358 ki.mi. door sthit daandi ke lie prasthan kiya. lagabhag 24 din bad 6 aprail, 1930 ee. ko daandi pahuanchakar unhoanne samudratat par namak qanoon ko to da.

saradar patel ki bhoomika

vallabhabhaee patel ki ichchha thi ki 1930 mean huee gaandhi ji ki giraphtari ke virodh mean janata usaka muanhato d javab de. satyagrahiyoan se jel bhar jae. taiks ke bhugatan ke bina shasan ki karyapranali thapp ho jae. is sanbandh mean jab unhoanne khe da zile ke ras gram mean logoan ke agrah par bhashan karana shuroo kiya, to pulis ne unhean giraphtar kar liya.9 march, 1930 ko ravivar ka avakash hone ke bad bhi majistret ne adalat khuli rakhakar saradar patel ko 3 mah ki saja sunaee. sabaramati jel jate hue gaandhi ji ke darshan kar unhoanne unaka ashirvad liya. 9 march, 1930 ko hi gaandhi ji ne likha ki "isamean sandeh nahian ki yadi gujarat pahal karata hai, to poora bharat jag uthega." isalie 10 march ko ahamadabad mean 75 hajar shahariyoan ne milakar saradar patel ko huee saja ke virodh mean l dane ki pratijna ki.

gaandhi ji ichchha

11 march ko gaandhi ji ne apana vasiyatanama kar apani ichchha jataee ki aandolan lagatar chalata rahe, isake lie satyagrah ki akhand dhara bahati rahani chahie, qanoon bhale hi bhang ho, par shaanti rahe. log svayan hi neta ki javabadari nibhaean. 11 march ki sham ki prarthana nadi kinare ret par huee, us samay gaandhi ji ke mukh se nimn udgar nikale-

mera janm british samrajy ka nash karane ke lie hi hua hai. maian kauve ki maut maruan ya kutte ki maut, par svarajy lie bina ashram mean pair nahian rakhooanga.

daandi yatra ki taiyari dekhane ke lie desh-videsh ke patrakar, photographar ahamadabad ae the. ajadi ke aandolan ki yah mahatvapoorn ghatana 'vaij aauf amerika' ke madhyam se is tarah prastut ki gee ki aj bhi us samay ke drishy, usaki ganbhirata aur josh ka prabhav dekha ja sakata hai. ahamadabad mean ekajut hue logoan mean yah bhay vyapt tha ki 11-12 ki daramyani rat mean gaandhi ji ko giraphtar kar liya jaega. gaandhi ji ki jay aur 'vande mataramh' ke jayaghosh ke sath logoan ke bich gaandhi ji ne rat bitaee aur subah char baje uthakar samany din ki bhaanti dinacharya poorn kar prarthana ke lie chal p de. bhari bhi d ke bich pandit khare ji ne apane komal kanth se yah git gaya-

shoor sangram ko dekh bhage nahian,
dekh bhage soee shoor nahian

yatra ki shuruat

prarthana poori karane ke bad jab sabhi log yatra ki taiyari kar rahe the, is bich apane kamare mean jakar gaandhi ji ne tho di der ke lie ek jhapaki li. logoan ka sailab ashram ki or a raha tha. tab sabhi ko shaant aur ekachitt karane ke lie khare ji ne 'raghupati raghav rajaram' ki dhun gavaee. sath hi unhoanne bhakt kavi pritam ka git buland avaj mean gaya-

eeshvar ka marg hai viroan ka
nahian kayar ka koee kam
pahale-pahal mastak dekar
lena unaka nam
kinare kh de hokar tamasha dekhe
usake hath kuchh n ae
maha pad paya vah jaanbaj
chho da jisane man ka mail.

ahamadabad ke kshitij mean mangalaprabhat hua, bharat ki gulami ki janjirean to dane ke lie bhagirath prayatn shuroo hue. 12 march ko subah 6.20 par vayovriddh 61 varshiy mahatma gaandhi ke netritv mean 78 satyagrahiyoan ne jab yatra shuroo ki, tab kisi ko buddh ke vairagy ki, to kisi ko gokul chho dakar jate hue krishna ki, to kisi ko makka se madina jate hue paigambar ki yad aee. gaandhi ji ke teejasvi aur sphoortimay vyaktitv ke darshan matr se svatantrata ke svarg ki anubhooti karate lakhoan logoan ki kataroan ke bich dridh aur tej gati se kadam badhate gaandhi ji aur 78 satyagrahiyoan ka dal anyay, shoshan aur kushasan ko door karane, manavajati ko ek naya shastr, ek alag hi tarah ki oorja aur amit asha de raha tha.

namak qanoon ko to dana

namak qanoon bharat ke aur bhi kee bhagoan mean to da gaya. si. rajagopalachari ne trichanapalli se vedaranyam tak ki yatra ki. asam mean logoan ne silahat se noakhali tak ki yatra ki. 'vayakom satyagrah' ke netaoan ne ke. kelappan evan ti. ke. madhavan ke sath kalikat se payannoor tak ki yatra ki. in sabhi logoan ne namak qanoon ko to da. namak qanoon isalie to da ja raha tha, kyoanki sarakar dvara namak kar badha diya gaya tha, jisase rojamarra ki zaroorat ke lie namak ki qimat badh gee thi.

abdul gaffar khaan ka yogadan

uttar pashchimi sima pradesh mean khan abdul gaffar khan, jinhean 'simaant gaandhi' bhi kaha jata hai, ke netritv mean 'khudaee khidamatagar' sangathan ke sadasyoan ne sarakar ka virodh kiya. unhoanne pathanoan ki kshetriy rashtravadita ke lie tatha upavineshavad aur hastashilp ke karigaroan ko garib banane ke viruddh avaz uthayi. 'lal kurti dal' ke gaffar khaan ko 'fakhr-e-afagan' ki upadhi di gayi. inhoanne pashtoan bhasha mean 'pakhtoon' namak ek patrika nikali, jo bad mean 'desharoja' nam se prakashit huee. gaffar khaan ko 'badashah khaan' bhi kaha jata hai. peshavar mean gadhaval raiphal ke sainikoan ne apane sathi chandrasianh gadhavali ke anurodh par 'savinay avajna andolan' kar rahe andolanakariyoan ki bhi d par goli chalane ke adesh ka virodh kiya. namak qanoon bhang hone ke sath hi sare bharat mean 'savinay avajna andolan' ne zor pak da.

rani gaidinalyoo

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nagaoan ne madonaang ke netritv me andolan kiya. is andolan ko 'jiyalarang andolan' ke nam se jana jata hai. madonaang par hatya ka arop lagakar phaansi de di gee. isake bad usaki bahan gaidinalyoo ne naga vidroh ki bagador sanbhali. ise giraphtar kar ajivan karavas de diya gaya. javaharalal neharoo ne gaidinalyoo ko 'rani' ki upadhi pradan ki. isake bare mean javaharalal neharoo ne likha hai ki- "ek din aisa ayega, jab bharat inhean snehapoorn smaran karega."

daman chakr ka bhayanak roop

bambee ke is andolan ka keanndr 'dharasana' tha, jahaan par sarakar daman chakr ka sabase bhayanak roop dekhane ka mila. sarojani nayadoo, imam sahab aur manilal ke netritv mean lagabhag 25 hazar svayan sevakoan ko dharasana namak karakhane par dhava bolane se poorv hi lathiyoan se pita gaya. dharasana ke bhayanak roop ka ullekh karate hue amerika ke nyoo frimain akhabar ke patrakar milar ne likha hai ki- "sanvadadata ke roop mean pichhale 18 varsh mean asankhy nagarik vidroh dekhean haian, dangean, gali koochoan mean mar-kat evan vidroh dekhe haian, lekin dharasana jaisa bhayanak drishy maianne apane jivan mean kabhi nahian dekha."

any gatividhiyaan

'savinay avajna andolan' ke dauran, mukhy roop se bihar mean 'kar n adayagi' ka andolan chalaya gaya. bihar ke saran, muanger tatha bhagalapur ke ziloan mean 'chaukidari kar n ada karane' ka andolan chalaya gaya. muanger ke bahari namak sthan par sarakar ka shasan samapt ho gaya. is samay madhy prant, maharashtr aur karnatak mean k de van niyamoan ke virudv 'van satyagrah' chalaya gaya. 'savinay avajna andolan' ke samay hi l dakiyoan ne 'majeri sena' tatha bachchoan ne 'vanar sena' ka gathan kiya. mahatma gaandhi ki daandi yatra ke bare mean subhashachandr bos ne likha hai- "mahatma ji ki daandi march ki tulana 'ilba' se lautane par nepoliyan ke 'peris march' aur rajanitik satta prapt karane ke lie musolini ke 'rom march' se ki ja sakati hai."

andolan ki vyapakata

1930 ee. ke 'savinay avajna andolan' ke samay hi uttar pashchimi sima pradesh ke kabayali logoan ne gaandhi ji ko 'malang baba' kaha. andolan kramashah vyapak roop se poore bharat mean phail gaya. mahilaoan ne parde se bahar akar satyagrah mean sakriy roop se hissa liya. videshi kap doan ki anek sthanoan par holiyaan jalaee gayian. mahila varg ne sharab ki dukanoan par dharana diya tatha krishakoan ne kar adayagi se iankar kar diya. 'savinay avajna andolan' ki mukhy visheshata thi 'b de paimane par pahali bar kisi andolan mean mahilaoan ki mukhy sahabhagita'. isake poorv bahut kam auratoan ne sarvajanik kism ke rajanitik pradarshanoan mean hissa liya tha. unamean se bhi adhikatak ya to chitaranjan das ya motilal neharoo jaise rashtriy netaoan ke parivaroan se sanbanddh thian ya k aaulej ki chhatrayean thian.

sarakar ki jhallahat

charoan taraf phaili is asahayog ki niti se aangrez british hukoomat buri tarah se jhalla gayi. 5 mee, 1930 ee. ko gaandhi ji ko giraphtar kar liya gaya. andolan ki prachandata ka ahasas kar tatkalin vayasaray l aaurd iravin ne gaandhi ji se samajhauta karana chaha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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