चयनित लेख

mukhaprishth par chayanit alekhoan ki soochi

svatantrata divas right|120px|border|15 agast 1947 svatantrata divas ka avasar |link=svatantrata divas         svatantrata divas bharatavasiyoan ke lie ek aisa din hai jab ham apane mahan rashh‍triy netaoan aur sh‍vatantrata senaniyoan ko apani shraddhaanjali dete haian jinh‍hoanne videshi niyantran se bharat ko azad karane ke lie anek balidan die aur apane jivan nh‍yauchhavar kar die. 15 agast 1947 ko bharat ke nivasiyoan ne lakhoan kurbaniyaan dekar british shasan se svatantrata prapt ki thi. yah rashtriy parv bharat ke gaurav ka pratik hai. isi mahan din ki yad mean bharat ke pradhanamantri pratyek varsh lal qile ki prachir par rashtriy dhvaj tiranga phaharakar desh ko sambodhit karate haian. ... aur padhean

kalidas right|100px|border|link=kalidas         kalidas sanskrit bhasha ke sabase mahan kavi aur natakakar the. kalidas apani alankar yukt suandar saral aur madhur bhasha ke liye vishesh roop se jane jate haian. unake rritu varnan advitiy haian aur unaki upamaean bemisal. sangit unake sahity ka pramukh aang hai aur ras ka srijan karane mean unaki koee upama nahian. kalidas shiv ke bhakt the. kalidas nam ka shabdik arth hai, 'kali ka sevak'. kalidas dikhane mean bahut suandar the aur vikramadity ke darabar ke navaratnoan mean ek the. lekin kaha jata hai ki praranbhik jivan mean kalidas anapadh aur moorkh the. kalidas ki shadi vidyottama nam ki rajakumari se huee. ... aur padhean

meva d right|130px|kumbhalagadh durg, udayapur|border|link=meva d      meva d rajasthan ke dakshin madhy mean sthit ek prasiddh riyasat thi. saik doan saloan tak yahaan rajapootoan ka shasan raha. gahalaut tatha sisodiya vansh ke rajaoan ne 1200 sal tak meva d par raj kiya tha. 17vian aur 18vian shatabdi mean meva d ki chitrakala bharatiy laghu chitrakala ki mahattvapoorn shailiyoan mean se ek hai. meva d ki jatigat samajik vyavastha paramparagat roop se ooanch-nich, pad-pratishtha tatha vanshotpann jatiyoan ke adhar par sangathit thi. meva di samaj mean striyoan ko adhik svatantrata prapt thi. isake sath hi nirnay adi ke kee mahattvapoorn adhikar bhi unhean prapt the. ... aur padhean

braj right|130px|braj ke vibhinn drishy|border|link=braj      braj shabd ka prayog vedoan, ramayan aur mahabharat ke kal mean goshth- 'go-sthan’ jaise laghu sthal ke liye hota tha, vahian pauranik kal mean ‘gop-basti’ jaise kuchh b de sthanoan ke liye kiya jane laga. bhagavat mean ‘braj’ kshetr vishesh ko iangit karate hue hi prayukt hua hai. vahaan ise ek chhote gram ki sanjna di gee hai. usamean ‘pur’ se chhota ‘gram’ aur usase bhi chhoti basti ko ‘braj’ kaha gaya hai. 16vian shatabdi mean ‘braj’ pradesh ke arth mean hokar ‘brajamandal’ ho gaya aur tab usaka akar chaurasi kos ka mana jane laga tha. aj jise ham braj kshetr manate haian usaki dishaaian, uttar mean palaval, hariyana, dakshin mean gvaliyar, madhy pradesh, pashchim mean bharatapur, rajasthan aur poorv mean eta uttar pradesh ko chhooti haian. ... aur padhean

holi right|120px|link=holi|border      holi bharat ka pramukh tyohar hai. holi jahaan ek or samajik evan dharmik hai, vahian rangoan ka bhi tyohar hai. bal-vriddh, nar-nari sabhi ise b de utsah se manate haian. isamean jatibhed-varnabhed ka koee sthan nahian hota. sanskrit shabd holakka se holi shabd ka janm hua hai. vaidik yug mean 'holakka' ko aisa ann mana jata tha, jo devoan ka mukhy roop se khady-padarth tha. basant ki anandabhivyakti rangin jal evan lal rang, abir-gulal ke parasparik adan-pradan se prakat hoti hai. kuchh pradeshoan mean yah rang yukt vatavaran 'holika ke din' hi hota hai, kintu dakshin bharat mean yah paanchavean din (rang panchami) tak manaee jati hai. ... aur padhean

kumbh mela right|botom|120px|kumbh mela, ilahabad|link=kumbh mela|border      kumbh mela hindoo dharm ka ek mahattvapoorn parv hai, jisamean karo doan shraddhalu kumbh parv sthal- haridvar, prayag, ujjain aur nasik mean snan karate haian. inamean se pratyek sthan par prati barahavean varsh mean is parv ka ayojan hota hai. prayag (ilahabad) mean sangam ke tat par hone vala ayojan sabase bhavy aur pavitr mana jata hai. is mele mean karo doan ki sankhya mean shraddhalu sammilit hote hai. aisi manyata hai ki sangam ke pavitr jal mean snan karane se atma shuddh ho jati hai. ... aur padhean

maisoor right|botom|100px|tipoo sultan|link=maisoor|border      maisoor shahar ka itihas atyant prachin hai. isake prachinatam shasak kadamb vansh ke the, jinaka ullekh prakhyat bhoogolavetta t aaulami ne kiya hai. kadamboan ko cheroan, pallavoan aur chalukyoan se yuddh karana p da tha. 12vian shatabdi mean jakar maisoor ka shasan kadamboan ke hathoan se hoyasaloan ke hathoan mean aya, jinhoanne dvarasamudr athava adhunik halebid ko apani rajadhani banaya tha. 18vian shatabdi mean aangrezoan aur maisoor ke shasakoan ke bich char sainy muthabhe d huee thian. aangrezoan aur haidar ali tatha usake putr tipoo sultan ke bich samay-samay par yuddh hue jo maisoor yuddh nam se jane jate haian. ... aur padhean

dilli right|botom|130px|bharat ki rajadhani dilli ke vibhinn drishy|link=dilli|border      amir khusaro aur galib ki rachanaoan ko gunagunati huee dilli nadirashah ki loot ki chikhoan se saham bhi jati hai. chaandani chauk-jama masjid ki sakari galiyoan se guzarakar chau de rajapath par 26 janavari ki pared ko niharati huee dilli 30 janavari ko un tin goliyoan ki avaz ko nahian bhula pati jo rashtrapita mahatma gaandhi ke sine mean dhans gayi thi. dilli ne daulatabad jane ke tugalaki faramanoan ko bhi suna aur lal qile se pradhanamantri ke abhibhashanoan par taliyaan bhi bajayi. kabhi raghuray ne dilli ki rayasina paha di ko apane kaimare mean qaid kar liya to kabhi husain ke rangoan ne dilli ko rang diya. dilli kabhi kutubaminar ki manziloan ko chadhane mean pasina bahati rahi to kabhi humayooan ke maqabare mean pattharoan ko tarashati rahi. nau bar loote jane se bhi dilli ke shriangar mean koee kami nahian ayi. ... aur padhean

ashok right|botom|130px|bharatiy sanvidhan ki mool sulekhit pratilipi mean pradarshit ashok ke chitr ki pratilipi |link=ashok|border ashok mahan ne kaha hai:-      har dasha mean doosare sampradayoan ka adar karana hi chahie. aisa karane se manushy apane sampraday ki unnati aur doosare sampradayoan ka upakar karata hai. isake viparit jo karata hai, vah apane sampraday ki j d katata hai aur doosare sampradayoan ka bhi apakar karata hai ... . ... isalie samavay (paraspar melajol se rahana) hi achchha hai, arthath log ek-doosare ke dharm ko dhyan dekar sunean aur usaki seva karean -samrat ashok mahan ... aur padhean

shravasti right|botom|130px|jetavan math, shravasti|link=shravasti|border shravasti n keval bauddh aur jain dharmoan ka ek mahattvapoorn keandr tha apitu yah brahman dharm evan ved vidya ka bhi ek mahattvapoorn keandr tha. buddh ke jivan kal mean shravasti koshal desh ki rajadhani thi. ek bauddh granth ke anusar vahaan 57 hazar kul rahate the aur kosal-nareshoan ki amadani sabase zyada isi nagar se hua karati thi. gautam buddh ke samay mean bharat ke 6 b de nagaroan mean shravasti ki ganana hua karati thi. ... aur padhean

shraddh right|botom|100px|shraddh|link=shraddh|border shraddh poorvajoan ke prati sachchi shraddha ka pratik haian. hindoo dharm ke anusar, pratyek shubh kary ke prarambh mean mata-pita, poorvajoan ko namaskar ya pranam karana hamara kartavy hai, hamare poorvajoan ki vansh parampara ke karan hi ham aj yah jivan ji rahe haian. brahm puran ne shraddh ki paribhasha yoan di hai, 'jo kuchh uchit kal, patr evan sthan ke anusar uchit (shastranumodit) vidhi dvara pitaroan ko lakshy karake shraddhapoorvak brahmanoan ko diya jata hai', vah shraddh kahalata hai. ... aur padhean

rang right|botom|100px|lal hara v nila rang pratiroop|link=rang|border rang hazaroan varshoan se hamare jivan mean apani jagah banae hue haian. prachinakal se hi rang kala mean bharat ka vishesh yogadan raha hai. ullekhaniy hai ki mohanajod do aur h dappa ki khudaee mean siandhu ghati sabhyata ki jo chizean milian unamean aise bartan aur moortiyaan bhi thian, jin par rangaee ki gee thi. unamean ek lal rang ke kap de ka tuk da bhi mila. ... aur padhean

varanasi right|botom|100px|varanasi ke vibhinn drishy |link=varanasi|border varanasi ke vyapari samudri vyapar bhi karate the. kashi se samudr yatra ke lie navean chhootati thian. is nagar ke dhani vyapariyoan ka vyapar ke uddeshy se samudr par jane ka ullekh hai. jatakoan mean bhi vyapar ke uddeshy se bahar jane ka ullekh milata hai. ek jatak mean ullekh hai ki banaras ke vyapari dishakak lekar samudr yatra ko ge the. ... aur padhean

bagh right|150px|bagh|border|link=bagh rashtriy pashu 'bagh' pile rangoan aur dharidar lomacharm vala ek pashu hai. bagh ki ath prajatiyoan mean se bharat mean paee jane vali prajati ko r aauyal bangal taigar ke nam se jana jata hai. desh ke sabhi abhayarany mean lagatar inaki sankhya kam hoti ja rahi hai. baghoan ki is tarah girati sankhya par kendr sarakar ne 1973 mean nau taigar rizarv ilaqoan mean 'bagh bachao yojana' shuroo ki. vany jivoan ke lie kam karane valoan ka manana hai ki sal 2025 tak baghoan ke vilupt ho jane ka khatara hai. baghoan ki kul abadi ke 40 fisadi bagh bharat mean pae jate haian. bharat ke 17 pradeshoan mean baghoan ke 23 sanrakshit kshetr haian. .... aur padhean

hindi bhasha right|110px|border|hindi varnamala|link=hindi bhasha hindi bharatiy ganaraj ki rajakiy aur madhy bharatiy ary bhasha hai. san 2001 ee. ki janaganana ke anusar, 25.79 karo d bharatiy hindi ka upayog matribhasha ke roop mean karate haian, jabaki lagabhag 42.20 karo d log isaki 50 se adhik boliyoan mean se ek istemal karate haian. hindi ki pramukh boliyoan mean avadhi, bhojapuri, braj bhasha, chhattisagadhi, gadhavali, hariyanavi, kumaanooni, magadhi aur marava di shamil haian. hindi ki adi janani sanskrit hai. sanskrit pali, prakrit bhasha se hoti huee apabhransh tak pahuanchati hai. kendriy hindi nideshalay ne lipi ke manakikaran par adhik dhyan diya aur 'devanagari lipi' tatha 'hindi vartani ka manakikaran' (1983 ee.) ka prakashan kiya. .... aur padhean

braj right|130px|braj ke vibhinn drishy|border|link=braj braj shabd ka prayog vedoan, ramayan aur mahabharat ke kal mean goshth- 'go-sthan’ jaise laghu sthal ke liye hota tha, vahian pauranik kal mean ‘gop-basti’ jaise kuchh b de sthanoan ke liye kiya jane laga. bhagavat mean ‘braj’ kshetr vishesh ko iangit karate hue hi prayukt hua hai. vahaan ise ek chhote gram ki sanjna di gee hai. usamean ‘pur’ se chhota ‘gram’ aur usase bhi chhoti basti ko ‘braj’ kaha gaya hai. 16vian shatabdi mean ‘braj’ pradesh ke arth mean hokar ‘brajamandal’ ho gaya aur tab usaka akar chaurasi kos ka mana jane laga tha. aj jise ham braj kshetr manate haian usaki dishaaian, uttar mean palaval, hariyana, dakshin mean gvaliyar, madhy pradesh, pashchim mean bharatapur, rajasthan aur poorv mean eta uttar pradesh ko chhooti haian. mathura-vrindavan braj ke kendr haian. braj ke van–upavan, kunj-nikunj, shri yamuna v giriraj atyant mohak haian. pakshiyoan ka madhur svar ekaanki sthali ko madak evan manohar banata hai. moroan ki bahutayat tatha unaki pioo-pioo ki avaz se vatavaran guanjayaman rahata hai. braj ke prachin sangitajnoan ki pramanik janakari 16vian shatabdi ke bhaktikal se milati hai. is kal mean anekoan sangitajn vaishnav sant hue. sangit shiromani svami haridas ji, inake guru ashudhir ji tatha unake shishy tanasen adi ka nam sarvavidit hai. brajabhoomi parvoan evan tyoharoan ki bhoomi hai. yahaan ki sanskriti utsav pradhan hai. yahaan har rritu mah evan dinoan mean parv aur tyohar chalate haian. holi braj ka vishesh tyohar hai. isamean yajn roop mean navin ann ki balean bhooni jati hai. .... aur padhean

kolakata right|130px|kolakata ke vibhinn drishy|border|link=kolakata j aaub charanak ne 1690 ee. mean tin gaanvoan; kolikata, sutanati tatha govinh‍dapuri namak jagah par kolakata ki nianv rakhi thi. kolakata shahar, pashchim bangal rajy ki rajadhani hai aur britishakalin bharat (1772-1912) ki rajadhani tha. kolakata bharat ke sabase b de nagaroan aur pramukh bandaragahoan mean se ek haian. pauranik manyataoan ke anusar hianduoan ki devi kali ke nam se 'kolakata' shahar ke nam ki utpatti huee hai. 19 vian sadi ke uttararddh aur 20 vian shatabdi ke praranbh mean prakhyat baangla sahityakar bankimachandr chaitarji, jinaka likha 'anandamath' ka git 'vande mataramh' aj bharat ka rashtr git hai. netaji subhashachandr bos jaise neta aur gurudev raviandranath taigor jaise mahan rachanakar se lekar saik doan svadhinata ke sipahiyoan ka ghar hone ka gaurav prapt hai. 1814 mean sthapit kolakata ka 'iandiyan myooziyam' bharat ka sabase purana aur apani tarah ka sabase b da sangrahalay hai. puratattv aur mudra vishayak khandoan ka yahaan sabase moolyavan sangrah haian. kolakata mean sthit viktoriya memoriyal mugal sthapaty aur pashchimi shastriy prabhav ke mishran ke prayas ko pradarshit karata hai. .... aur padhean

bharat rath‍n right|130px|bharat rath‍n|border|link=bharat rath‍n 'bharat rath‍n uchh‍chatam nagarik samh‍man hai, jo kala, sahith‍y, vijnan, rajanitijn, vicharak, vaijnanik, udyogapati, lekhak aur samajasevi ko asadharan seva ke lie tatha uchch lok seva ko manh‍yata dene ke lie bharat sarakar ki or se diya jata hai. is purash‍kar ke roop mean die jane vale samh‍man ki mool roop - rekha 35 milimitar vh‍yas vala golakar sh‍varn padak hai jis par soory aur oopar hindi bhasha mean bharat rath‍n aur niche ek phooloan ka guladash‍ta bana hota hai. yah puraskar 2 janavari 1954 ko prarambh kiya gaya tha. yah puraskar bharat ke pratham rashtrapati d aauktar rajendr prasad dvara ghoshit kiya gaya tha. bharat ratn 26 janavari ko bharat ke rashtrapati dvara diya jata hai. sabase pahala purash‍kar prasiddh vaijnanik chandrashekhar veankataraman ko diya gaya tha. ab tak 41 logoan ko bharat ratn se sammanit kiya gaya hai. .... aur padhean

moorti kala mathura right|70px|buddh|border|link=buddh chini yatri huenasaang ke lekhanusar yahaan par ashok ke banavaye huye kuchh stoop 7vian shatabdi mean vidyaman the. parantu aj hamean inake vishay mean kuchh bhi jnan nahian hai. lok-kala ki drishti se dekha jay to mathura aur usake asapas ke bhag mean isake mauryakalin namoone vidyaman haian. lok-kala ki ye moortiyaan yakshoan ki haian. yakshapooja tatkalin lokadharm ka ek abhinn aang thi. sanskrit, pali aur prakrit sahity yakshapooja ke ullekhoan se bhara p da hai . puranoan ke anusar yakshoan ka kary papiyoan ko vighn karana, unhean durgati dena aur sath hi sath apane kshetr ka sanrakshan karana tha. mathura se is prakar ke yaksh aur yakshaniyoan ki chhah pratimaean mil chuki haian . .... aur padhean

right|100px|border|krishna|link=krishna krishna chhaandogy upanishad, jisamean devaki putr krishna ka ullekh hai aur unhean ghor aangiras ka shishy kaha hai. paravarti sahity mean shrikrishna ko dev ya vishnu roop mean pradarshit karane ka bhav milata hai. mahabharat tatha harivansh, vishnu, brahm, vayu, bhagavat, padm, devi bhagavat agni tatha brahmavart puranoan mean unhean pray: bhagavan ke roop mean hi dikhaya gaya hai. in grantho mean yadyapi krishna ke alaukik tattv ki pradhanata hai to bhi unake manav ya aitihasik roop ke bhi darshan yatr-tatr milate haian. puranoan mean krishna-sanbandhi vibhinn varnanoan ke adhar par kuchh pashchaty vidvanoan ko yah kalpana karane ka avasar mila ki krishna aitihasik purush nahian the. is kalpana ki pushti mean anek dalilean di gee haian, jo thik nahian siddh hoti. yadi mahabharat aur puranoan ke atirikt, brahman-granthoan tatha upanishadoan ke ullekh dekhe jayean to krishna ke aitihasik tattv ka pata chal jayaga. bauddh-granth ghat jatak tatha jain-granth uttaradhyayan sootr se bhi shrikrishna ka aitihasik hona siddh hai. yah mat bhi bhramak hai ki braj ke krishna, dvaraka ke krishna tatha mahabharat ke krishna ek n hokar alag-alag vyakti the.