Difference between revisions of "भारत रत्न"
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|कॅथोलिक नन, मिशनरीज़ संस्थापक, [[नोबेल पुरस्कार]] विजेता | |कॅथोलिक नन, मिशनरीज़ संस्थापक, [[नोबेल पुरस्कार]] विजेता | ||
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Revision as of 07:56, 15 March 2011
bharat rathn
Bharat Ratna|thumb
‘bharat-ratn’ desh ka sarvochch samman hai. is alankaran se un vyaktiyoan ko sammanit kiya jata hai jinhoanne desh ke kisi bhi kshetr mean mahattvapoorn kary kie hoan, apane-apane kshetroan mean uthkrishht kary kar hamare desh ka gaurav badhaya aur hamare desh ko aantararashhtriy manhyata prapt huee. bharat rathn uchhchatam nagarik samhman hai, jo kala, sahithy, vijnan, rajanitijn, vicharak, vaijnanik, udyogapati, lekhak aur samajasevi ko asadharan seva ke lie tatha uchch lok seva ko manhyata dene ke lie bharat sarakar ki or se diya jata hai. ‘bharat-ratn’ un mahan vyaktiyoan ki jivan gatha to hai hi, sath mean un mahapurushoan ke jivan kal ka itihas bhi hai.
- da. vishveshvaraiya ne jal ki apoorti, baandh adi ki jo yojanaean banaeean aur unhean sakar kiya, unaki us samay kalpana kathin thi.
- mahan udyogapati je.ar.di. tata ne viman-seva us samay aranbh ki jab thik dhang se havaee adde bhi nahian the.
‘bharat-ratn’ aisi vibhootiyoan ka charitr-chitran hai jinake bina desh ka itihas adhoora hai.
‘bharat-ratn’ sarvochch samman
yah prativarsh diya janevala alankaran nahian. yah kisi vyakti ke sanpoorn vyaktitv aur desh ke prati usaki atyant samarpan bhavana ke lie yada-kada diya jane vala alankaran hai. any puraskaroan 'padmashri', 'padm bhooshan' aur 'padm vibhooshan' adi se ‘bharat-ratn’ shreshth puraskar hai. yah un adarsh mahan purushoan ko hi diya jata hai jinaki jivan gatha puny-bhagirathi ke saman hai, jise janakar ek sadharan manushy apane ap ko pap mukt aur nirmal pata hai. ‘bharat-ratn’ mean aisi vibhootiyoan ke divy charitr haian jinhoanne jivan ko itani ooanchaiyoan tak pahuanchaya jahaan ki koee kalpana nahian kar sakata. sanbhavat: ikabal ne aise hi mahan purushoan ke lie kaha tha-
khudi ko kar buland itana ki har takadir se pahale khuda bande se khud poochhe bata teri raza kya hai ?
‘bharat-ratn’ anek mahan vyaktiyoan ki jivan-gatha ke sath yah bharat ke us kal ka itihas bhi hai, jis kal se in adarsh purushoan ka sanbandh raha. ‘bharat-ratn’ keval rajanetaoan ka hi nahian varan isamean ve log bhi sammilit haian jinhoanne desh ko nee upalabdhi di aur desh ko pragati ke marg par agrasar karane ka yatn kiya.
svaroop
is purashkar ke roop mean die jane vale samhman ki mool roop - rekha 35 milimitar vhyas vala golakar shvarn padak hai jis par soory aur oopar hindi bhasha mean bharat rathn aur niche ek phooloan ka guladashta bana hota hai pichhe ki or shasakiy sanket aur adarsh-vakhy likha hota hai. ise safed phite mean dalakar gale mean pahanaya jata hai. ek varsh bad is dijain ko badal diya gaya tha. taanbe ke bane pipal ke patte par pletinam ka chamakata soory bana diya gaya. jisake niche chaandi mean likha rahata hai "bharat ratn", aur yah safed phite ke sath gale mean pahana jata hai.
itihas
yah puraskar 2 janavari 1954 ko prarambh kiya gaya tha. yah puraskar bharat ke pratham rashtrapati shri da. rajendr prasad dvara ghoshit kiya gaya tha. doosare alankaranoan ke bhaanti is samman ko bhi, nam ke sath padavi ke roop mean prayog nahian kiya ja sakata hai. shuroo mean is samman ko 'maranoparaant' nahian diya jata tha, kiantu 1955 ke bad yah nirnay liya gaya aur yah maranoparaant bhi diya jane laga. ab tak yah samman 10 vyaktiyoan ko maranoparaant diya gaya hai. 13 julaee 1977 se 26 janavari 1980 tak is puraskar ko sthagit kar diya gaya tha.
parampara
bharat rathn purashkar ki paramhpara 1954 mean shuroo huee thi.
- bharat ratn 26 janavari ko bharat ke rashtrapati dvara diya jata hai.
- sabase pahala purashkar prasiddh vaijnanik chandrashekhar veankataraman ko diya gaya tha. tab se anek vishishht janoan ko apane-apane kshetr mean uthkrishhtata pane ke lie yah purashkar prashtut kiya gaya hai.
- janata parti dvara is puraskar ko 1977 mean band kar diya gaya tha kiantu 1980 mean kaangres sarakar ne ise phir se dobara shuroo kiya.
- 1980 mean dobara shuroo hone par ise sarvapratham madar teresa ne prapt kiya tha.
- hamare bhoo.poo. rashhtrapati, vaijnanik d aau. e. pi. je. abhdul kalam ko bhi 1997 mean yah pratishthit purashkar diya gaya hai.
- isaka koee likhit pravadhan nahian hai ki 'bharat rathn' keval bharatiy nagarikoan ko hi diya jaega.
- yah purashkar shvabhavik roop se bharatiy nagarik ban chuki 'eghnes goankha bojakhiyoo', jinhhean ham madar teresa ke nam se janate haian, ko diya gaya.
- do anhy abharatiy - khan abdulagaffar khan ko 1987 mean aur nelhsan mandela ko 1990 mean yah puraskar diya gaya.
- yah bhi anivary nahian hai ki bharat rathn samhman prativarsh diya jaega.
- maranoparaant sarvapratham lalabahadur shastri ko bharat ratn se sammanit kiya gaya tha.
- shri satyapal anand ne rajiv gaandhi ko maranoparaant bharat ratn dene ki prakriya ko madhy pradesh uchch nyayalay mean chunauti di thi.
- varsh 2008 mean yah samhman pandit bhimasen gurooraj joshi ko diya gaya tha.
virodhabhas
- svatantrata senani netaji subhashachandr bos ko 1992 mean 'bharat ratn' se maranoparant sammanit kiya gaya tha. kiantu unaki mrityu vivadit hone ke karan anek prashnoan ko uthaya gaya tha. at: bharat sarakar ne yah puraskar vapas le liya tha. yah puraskar vapas lene ka yah ekamatr udaharan hai.
- svatantr bharat ke pratham shiksha mantri shri maulana abul kalam azad ko jab 'bharat ratn' diya gaya to unhoanne isaka virodh kiya . unaka vichar tha ki isaki chayan samiti mean rahe vyakti ko yah samman nahian diya jana chahiye. 1992 mean unhean maranoparaant 'bharat ratn' diya gaya.
bharat ratn sammanit vyaktitv soochi
| kram | varsh | nam | jivan | vishesh | chitr |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1954 | d aauktar sarvapalli radhakrishnan | 5 sitanbar 1888-17 aprail 1975 | darshanik, dvitiy rashtrapati-bharat | 30px |
| 2 | 1954 | chakravarti rajagopalachari | 10 disanbar 1878-25 disanbar 1972 | svatantrata senani, aantim gavarnar janaral | 30px |
| 3 | 1954 | d aauktar chandrashekhar veankat raman | 7 navanbar 1888-21 navanbar 1970 | bhautikashastri, nobel puraskar vijeta | 30px |
| 4 | 1955 | d aauktar bhagavan das | 12 janavari 1869-18 sitanbar 1958 | svatantrata senani, lekhak | 30px |
| 5 | 1955 | sar d aau. mokshaguandam vishveshvarayya | 15 sitanbar 1861-12 aprail 1962 | sivil ianjiniyar, maisoor ke divan | 30px |
| 6 | 1955 | pan. javahar lal neharoo | 14 navanbar 1889-27 mee 1964 | svatantrata senani, lekhak, pratham pradhanamantri-bharat | 30px |
| 7 | 1957 | goviand ballabh pant | 10 sitanbar 1887-7 march 1961 | svatantrata senani, pratham mukhyamantri-uttar pradesh, dvitiy grihamantri-bharat | 30px |
| 8 | 1958 | d aau. dhoando keshav karve | 18 aprail 1858-9 navanbar 1962 | shikshak, samajasudharak | 30px |
| 9 | 1961 | d aau. bidhan chandr ray | 1 julaee 1882-1 julaee 1962 | chikitsak, mukhyamantri-pashchimi bangal | 30px |
| 10 | 1961 | purooshottam das tandan | 1 agast 1882-1 julaee 1962 | svatantrata senani, shikshak | 30px |
| 11 | 1962 | d aau. rajeandr prasad | 3 disanbar 1884-28 faravari 1963 | svatantrata senani, vidhivetta, pratham rashtrapati-bharat | 30px |
| 12 | 1963 | d aau. zakir husain | 8 faravari 1897-3 mee 1969 | vidvan, tritiy rashtrapati-bharat | 30px |
| 13 | 1963 | d aau. paandurang vaman kane | 1880-1972 | bharatavid, sanskrit vidvan | 30px |
| 14 | 1966 | lal bahadur shastri | 2 aktoobar 1904 - 11 janavari 1966, | svatantrata senani, tritiy pradhanamantri,-bharat, (maranoparant) | 30px |
| 15 | 1971 | iandira gaandhi | 19 navanbar 1917-31 aktoobar 1984 | chaturth pradhanamantri-bharat | 30px |
| 16 | 1975 | varahagiri veankat giri | 10 agast 1894-23 joon 1980 | shramik sanghavadi, chaturth rashtrapati-bharat | 30px |
| 17 | 1976 | ke. kamaraj | 15 julaee 1903-1975, | svatantrata senani, mukhyamantri-madras, (maranoparant) | 30px |
| 18 | 1980 | madar teresa | 26 agast 1910-5 sitanbar 1997 | kॅtholik nan, mishanariz sansthapak, nobel puraskar vijeta | 30px |
| 19 | 1983 | achary vinoba bhave | 11 sitanbar 1895-15 navanbar 1982, | svatantrata senani, samaj sudharak, (maranoparant) | 30px |
| 20 | 1987 | khan abdulagaffar khan | 20 janavari 1890-1988, | svatantrata senani, pratham abharatiy praptakarta | 30px |
| 21 | 1988 | marudur gopala ramachandran (em ji ar) | 17 janavari 1917-24 disanbar 1987, | abhineta, mukhyamantri-tamilanadu, (maranoparant) | 30px |
| 22 | 1990 | d aau. bhimarav ramaji ambedakar | 14 aprail 1891-6 disanbar 1956 | bharatiy sanvidhan ke vastukar, rajanitijn, arthashastri, vidvan, (maranoparant) | 30px |
| 23 | 1990 | nelhsan mandela | 18 julaee 1918, | dvitiy abharatiy praptakarta, rangabhed virodhi aandolan ke neta, nobel puraskar vijeta | 30px |
| 24 | 1991 | rajiv gaandhi | 20 agast1944-21 mee 1991 | satavean pradhanamantri, (maranoparant) | 30px |
| 25 | 1991 | saradar vallabh bhaee patel | 31 aktoobar 1875-15 disanbar 1950 | svatantrata senani, pratham grihamantri-bharat, (maranoparant) | 30px |
| 26 | 1991 | moraraji desaee | 29 faravari 1896-10 aprail 1995 | svatantrata senani, paanchave pradhanamantri-bharat | 30px |
| 27 | 1992 | maulana abul kalam azad | 11 navanbar 1888-22 faravari 1958 | svatantrata senani, pratham shikshamantri-bharat, (maranoparant) | 30px |
| 28 | 1992 | jahaangir ratanaji dadabhaee tata (je. ar. di. tata) | 29 julaee 1904-29 navanbar 1993 | udyogapati, (maranoparant) | 30px |
| 29 | 1992 | satyajit re (ray) | 2 mee 1921-23 aprail 1992 | film nirmata-nirdeshak | 30px |
| 30 | 1997 | e. pi. je. abdul kalam | 15 aktoobar 1931 | vaijnanik, gyarahavean rashtrapati-bharat | 30px |
| 31 | 1997 | gulazari lal nanda | 4 julaee 1897-15 janavari 1998 | svatantrata senani, do bar karyavahak pradhanamantri-bharat | 30px |
| 32 | 1997 | aruna asif ali | 16 julaee 1909-29 julaee 1996 | svatantrata senani, (maranoparant) | 30px |
| 33 | 1998 | em.es.subbalakshmi | 16 sitanbar 1916-11 disanbar 2004 | gayika shastriy sangit | 30px |
| 34. | 1998 | si subrahmaniyam | 30 janavari 1910-7 navanbar 2000 | svatantrata senani, krishi mantri-bharat | 30px |
| 35 | 1998 | jayaprakash narayan | 11 aktoobar 1902-8 aktoobar 1979 | svatantrata senani, rajanitijn, (maranoparant) | 30px |
| 36 | 1999 | pan. ravi shankar | 7 aprail 1920 | sitar vadak | 30px |
| 37 | 1999 | amarty sen | 3 navanbar 1933 | arthashastri, nobel puraskar vijeta | 30px |
| 38 | 1999 | gopinath boradoloee | 1890 -1950 | svatantrata senani, mukhyamantri-asam, (maranoparant) | 30px |
| 39 | 2001 | lata mangeshakar | 28 sitanbar 1929 | parshvagayika | 30px |
| 40 | 2001 | ustad bismilla khaan | 21 march 1916 - 21 agast 2006 | shahanaee vadak | 30px |
| 41 | 2008 | pan.bhimasen joshi | 4 faravari 1922 | shastriy gayak | 30px |
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bahari k diyaan
- bharat ratn sammanit vyaktitv soochi, bharat sarakar
- bharat ratn, bharat sarakar
- Those who said no to top awards, Times Of India
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